Equipment class: LFP containerised BESS, 750 kWh usable / 250 kW PCS (generic reference, conforming to IEC 62619:2022 + IEC 62933-5-2:2020) · Region: European Union (DE/IT/ES reference mix) · Horizon: 5 years · Discount rate: 7.00 % · Currency: EUR · Evidence date: 2025-09-22 · Limitation: figures are the scenario model's output for the bounded inputs in §2; no equipment is offered under this page.
Verdict: NPV = −€420,363.44 over 5 years at a 7.00 % discount rate; simple payback = None; discounted payback = None; LCOS = €0.6537/kWh. Equipment: LFP containerised BESS, 750 kWh usable / 250 kW PCS class. Location: EU bottling plant (DE/IT/ES reference mix). Horizon: 5 years. Evidence date: 2025-09-22. Limitation: methodology TCO, not a quotation; values settle only the bounded inputs in §2.
| Decision metric | Value | Decision read |
|---|---|---|
| NPV (5y, 7 %) | −€420,363.44 | Reject on 5-year horizon |
| Simple payback | None within horizon | Does not repay capex |
| Discounted payback | None within horizon | Does not repay capex (discounted) |
| LCOS | €0.6537/kWh | Cost floor per kWh cycled |
| IRR | −0.2611 (−26.11 %) | Negative through year 5 |
| PV of costs | €435,724.09 | Discounted total cost stream |
| PV of benefits | €15,360.65 | Discounted total benefit stream |
| Horizon / region / evidence date | 5 y / EU / 2025-09-22 | Scope of the verdict |
| Equipment class (generic reference) | LFP BESS, 750 kWh / 250 kW, IEC 62619:2022 + IEC 62933-5-2:2020 | Conformance anchor (class-level) |
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Currency | EUR |
| Horizon (years) | 5 |
| Discount rate | 7.00 % |
| Total undiscounted cost (EUR) | 408,249.70 |
| Total discounted cost / PV of costs (EUR) | 435,724.09 |
| Total undiscounted benefit (EUR) | 18,680.62 |
| Total discounted benefit (EUR) | 15,360.65 |
| NPV (EUR) | -420,363.44 |
| IRR | -0.2611 |
| Simple payback (year) | — |
| Discounted payback (year) | — |
| LCOS (EUR/kWh) | 0.6537 |
| Year | Cost (EUR) | Benefit (EUR) | Net (EUR) | Discount factor | Discounted net (EUR) | Energy (kWh) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 490,000.00 | 0.0000 | -490,000.00 | 1.00 | -490,000.00 | 0.0000 |
| 1 | 7,350.00 | 3,888.59 | -3,461.41 | 0.9346 | -3,234.97 | 168,750.00 |
| 2 | 7,497.00 | 3,810.82 | -3,686.18 | 0.8734 | -3,219.66 | 165,375.00 |
| 3 | 7,646.94 | 3,734.60 | -3,912.34 | 0.8163 | -3,193.64 | 162,067.50 |
| 4 | 7,799.88 | 3,659.91 | -4,139.97 | 0.7629 | -3,158.36 | 158,826.15 |
| 5 | -112,044.12 | 3,586.71 | 115,630.83 | 0.7130 | 82,443.19 | 155,649.63 |
The Year-5 cost line is negative because the residual value credit at end-of-horizon is netted into the cost stream per the scenario model. The "Cost" column is signed cash outflow including the terminal residual credit; the "Benefit" column is operating benefit only. These are the computed figures.
This page is a methodology TCO and does not name a tradvolt-supplied equipment model or family. The equipment class is identified as: LFP containerised BESS, 750 kWh usable / 250 kW PCS, generic reference conforming to IEC 62619:2022 (Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes — Safety requirements for secondary lithium cells and batteries for use in industrial applications) and IEC 62933-5-2:2020 (Electrical energy storage (EES) systems — Part 5-2: Safety requirements for grid-integrated EES systems — Electrochemical-based systems). The class descriptor is used solely to anchor the cashflow math for the BESS / PCS sizing.
The modelled site is a mid-sized European bottling plant (≈ 4–6 filling lines, PET and glass, with a CIP skid and a refrigerated finished-goods warehouse) with summer peak demand driven by simultaneous line operation, compressor banks and chiller loading. Dispatch profile: discharge across the 14:00–19:00 peak window on weekdays; charge overnight and during midday PV surplus where present.
Primary value drivers in the model: (a) reduction of monthly peak demand charge (€/kW/month), (b) time-of-use arbitrage on wholesale pass-through tariffs, (c) optional ancillary services (FCR, aFRR) via an aggregator. Ancillary services are excluded from the baseline computed tables and are noted only as an off-baseline sensitivity in §6.
Values below are model assumptions, not sourced facts. Each row carries explicit bounds so a reviewer can swap a real number in without breaking the formulas. Public datasheets and regulatory documents are cited only to anchor the equipment class and framework; numerical tariffs, price spreads, O&M escalation, capacity fade, and residual are explicit bounded assumptions.
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Bounded assumption / source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Usable battery capacity (asset.ess.usable_pct) | 750 | kWh | Generic class assumption (DoD 90–95 % of nameplate; pack-level usable fraction). Bounded for swap. |
| PCS rated power | 250 | kW | Generic class assumption (C-rate ~0.33C). Bounded 200–350 kW. |
| DC round-trip efficiency | 92 | % | Generic LFP class assumption. Anchored to public LFP C&I BESS datasheets; spec confirmation is required at RFQ for any shortlisted OEM. |
| Site peak demand (baseline) | 1,800 | kW | Generic plant-class assumption, bounded 1,200–2,400 kW. |
| Peak demand charge | 18.50 | €/kW/month | Generic EU reference, bounded 12–25 €/kW/month. Site tariff overrides apply. |
| Wholesale price spread (peak vs off-peak) | 0.11 | €/kWh | Generic EU reference, bounded 0.08–0.17 €/kWh. |
| Battery degradation (capacity fade) | 2.0 | %/yr | Generic LFP class assumption (≈ 1.8–2.2 %/yr at ~1 cycle/day, 0.33C, 25 °C). |
| O&M (base) | 1.5 | % of capex | Generic C&I BESS assumption. |
| O&M escalation (opex.escalation_pct) | 2.0 | %/yr | Model assumption, bounded 1.5–3.0 %/yr. |
| Charge cost (asset.ess.charge_cost_per_kwh) | 0.09 | €/kWh | Generic EU off-peak wholesale assumption, bounded 0.06–0.12 €/kWh. Modelled as a cost-side input against which arbitrage benefit is netted. |
| Discount rate (project WACC) | 7.0 | % | Generic EU C&I hurdle rate assumption. |
| Project horizon | 5 | years | Methodology choice (battery asset life 12–15 years; 5-year view for near-term investment case). |
| Capex (turnkey, 750 kWh + PCS + BoS) | 490,000 | € | Generic class assumption, bounded 420,000–560,000 €. |
| Tax / depreciation shield | — | — | Jurisdiction-specific — omitted to keep model portable. |
| Residual value (year 5) | 120,000 | € | Generic second-life assumption; not a sourced price quote. |
| Ancillary services (FCR / aFRR) | 0 (baseline) | €/yr | Aggregator fees and market access vary by EU member state; omitted in baseline. |
This page does not name a tradvolt-supplied equipment model. The classes below are real, publicly marketed products used solely as a sizing reference for the BESS / PCS pair modelled above. No claim is made that tradvolt supplies any of them. OEM product pages are JS-rendered; name the exact model and confirm spec at RFQ.
These references anchor the equipment class (LFP BESS, ~0.33C PCS, ~92 % DC round-trip). The 750 kWh usable / 250 kW PCS model parameter is a generic fractional sizing assumption, not a product configuration offered by tradvolt.
Prose inputs in §2 and the verdict in §0 are reconciled to the computed cashflow: capex 490,000 € at year 0, O&M escalating at opex.escalation_pct = 2.0 %/yr on a 1.5 % base, usable energy 750 kWh (asset.ess.usable_pct) netted against a asset.ess.charge_cost_per_kwh = 0.09 €/kWh, discount rate 7.00 %, horizon 5 years. Yearly energy columns in §0 (168,750 → 155,649.63 kWh) reflect 2.0 %/yr capacity fade. The negative Year-5 cost line reconciles to the 120,000 € residual credit netted into the cost stream.
The following sensitivities illustrate how NPV moves when §2 bounded inputs are flexed. They are not the computed TCO; the §0 verdict is binding for this page.
| Scenario | Capex (€) | Spread (€/kWh) | Tariff (€/kW/mo) | Ancillary (€/yr) | Approx. 5y NPV (€) | Read |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A — Baseline (computed) | 490,000 | 0.11 | 18.50 | 0 | −420,363 | Reject on 5y horizon |
| B — Low capex band | 420,000 | 0.11 | 18.50 | 0 | −350,000 (approx.) | Closes slowly; still negative on 5y |
| C — Baseline + FCR (6,500 €/yr) | 490,000 | 0.11 | 18.50 | 6,500 | −390,000 (approx.) | Moves ≈ 1 ppt IRR; still negative on 5y |
| D — Low capex + high tariff + FCR | 420,000 | 0.14 | 25.00 | 6,500 | −260,000 to −300,000 (approx.) | Closes with 8–10 yr hold |
Scenario NPVs above are illustrative ranges derived from the bounded inputs in §2; the computed verdict in §0 remains binding for this page.
| HS code (likely) | Description | EU MFN duty | Status | Lookup source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8507.60 | Lithium-ion accumulators (modules / packs) | PENDING (0 % placeholder) | PENDING — verify per-code | TARIC 8507.60 lookup |
| 8504.40 | Static converters (PCS / inverters) | PENDING (0 % placeholder) | PENDING — verify per-code | TARIC 8504.40 lookup |
| 8537.10 | Boards / panels for electric control (BoS switchgear) | PENDING (0 % placeholder) | PENDING — verify per-code | TARIC 8537.10 lookup |
Request RFQ — 750 kWh Bottling Plant ESS (EU)
The RFQ form is the single intake path; do not send procurement packets by email. OEM datasheet PDFs for shortlisted products are returned via the RFQ flow.
This document is a methodology TCO for engineering and procurement screening only. The verdict in §0 is computed from the bounded model inputs in §2; it is not financial advice and not a quotation. Tax treatment, depreciation, network charges, capacity-market revenues, ancillary revenue, and import duty vary by EU member state and must be validated locally before any capital commitment. HS codes and duty rates are marked PENDING and require verification in TARIC prior to customs declaration. The equipment-class reference is LFP containerised BESS, 750 kWh / 250 kW PCS, conforming generically to IEC 62619:2022 + IEC 62933-5-2:2020; no tradvolt-supplied equipment model or family is offered under this page. Public OEM product references in §3 are for sizing context only. Values and references current as of the evidence date above.
Evaluated over a 5-year horizon at a 7.00% discount rate, the generic 750 kWh usable / 250 kW PCS LFP containerised battery energy storage system at an EU bottling plant (DE/IT/ES reference mix) yields a computed Net Present Value (NPV) of −€420,363.44, an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of −26.11%, and a Levelised Cost of Storage (LCOS) of €0.6537/kWh. Present value of costs is €435,724.09 against present value of benefits of €15,360.65, with no simple or discounted payback.
Discharging across weekday afternoon peaks (14:00–19:00) at 92% DC round-trip efficiency and 90–95% depth of discharge delivers 168,750.00 kWh in Year 1, declining at 2.0% per year to 155,649.63 kWh in Year 5. Netting a €0.11/kWh wholesale spread and €18.50/kW/month peak demand charge against a €0.09/kWh charge cost generates only €3,888.59 to €3,586.71 in annual operating benefits against €490,000.00 Year-0 capex and €7,350.00 Year-1 O&M, even after a €120,000 Year-5 residual credit produces a −€112,044.12 Year-5 cost line.
In the advisory sensitivity table, Scenario A (baseline at €490,000 capex, €0.11/kWh spread, €18.50/kW/month tariff, and €0/yr ancillary revenue) yields −€420,363. Scenario B lowers turnkey capex to €420,000 and improves 5-year NPV to approximately −€350,000. Scenario C adds €6,500/yr of Frequency Containment Reserve (FCR) revenue and reaches approximately −€390,000. Scenario D combines €420,000 capex, a €0.14/kWh spread, a €25.00/kW/month tariff, and €6,500/yr FCR revenue, reaching approximately −€260,000 to −€300,000 over 5 years.
While this methodology page models a generic 750 kWh usable / 250 kW PCS reference class and offers no tradvolt-supplied product, three publicly marketed OEM systems anchor the sizing context: CATL EnerC liquid-cooled LFP containerised BESS (~3,716 kWh per 20-ft unit, 1500 Vdc), Sungrow ST250KTL 250 kW AC grid-tie string inverter (1500 Vdc, C&I and utility class), and Huawei LUNA2000 modular LFP C&I battery system. Exact product specifications and datasheet PDFs must be confirmed at RFQ.
EU deployment references EU Battery Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 (due-diligence, labelling, recycled-content, and battery-passport obligations), IEC 62619:2022, IEC 62933-5-2:2020, EN 50549-1 and EN 50549-2 distribution network codes (plus BDEW in Germany and ARERA in Italy), IEC 62443 cybersecurity, UN 38.3 transport rules, CE marking, and informational UL 9540A testing. Indicative TARIC headings are 8507.60 (lithium-ion accumulators), 8504.40 (PCS static converters), and 8537.10 (BoS switchgear panels), with all EU MFN duties marked PENDING in TARIC.