Distribution-Hub EVSE 80-Port: 8-Year TCO (EU)
Verdict (evidence date 2026-01-15). An 80-port EU distribution-hub EVSE project mixing 60 AC 22 kW and 20 DC 50 kW units, evaluated over an 8-year horizon at a 6.00% real discount rate, yields NPV = 71,151 EUR, simple payback 5.64 yr, discounted payback 7.22 yr, IRR 8.86%. EV-fleet TCO is 0.117 EUR/km vs ICE 0.341 EUR/km; switching saves 0.224 EUR/km and 5,738,700 EUR over the horizon at the modeled duty cycle. Limitations: cost lines below cite public OEM and EU sources; utilization and O&M defaults are bounded model assumptions stated in section 2.
| Decision metric | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Equipment / use-case | 80-port EVSE hub (60 AC 22 kW + 20 DC 50 kW) at EU distribution center | - |
| Location | EU (industrial band IF 500-2000 MWh) | - |
| Horizon | 8 | years |
| Evidence date | 2026-01-15 | - |
| Limitation | Utilization, O&M, demand coincident factor, WACC, days/yr, residual, aux are bounded model defaults (not allow-listed sources) | - |
| NPV | 71,150.95 | EUR |
| Simple payback | 5.6429 | year |
| Discounted payback | 7.2207 | year |
| IRR | 0.0886 | - |
| TCO per km — EV | 0.1168 | EUR/km |
| TCO per km — ICE | 0.3410 | EUR/km |
| Savings per km | 0.2242 | EUR/km |
| Savings over horizon | 5,738,700.00 | EUR |
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Currency | EUR |
| Horizon (years) | 8 |
| Discount rate | 6.00 % |
| Total undiscounted cost (EUR) | 2,828,683.33 |
| Total discounted cost / PV of costs (EUR) | 2,333,281.21 |
| Total undiscounted benefit (EUR) | 3,097,600.00 |
| Total discounted benefit (EUR) | 2,404,432.16 |
| NPV (EUR) | 71,150.95 |
| IRR | 0.0886 |
| Simple payback (year) | 5.64 |
| Discounted payback (year) | 7.22 |
| TCO per km — EV (EUR/km) | 0.1168 |
| TCO per km — ICE (EUR/km) | 0.3410 |
| Savings per km (EUR/km) | 0.2242 |
| Savings over horizon (EUR) | 5,738,700.00 |
| Year | Cost (EUR) | Benefit (EUR) | Net (EUR) | Discount factor | Discounted net (EUR) | Energy (kWh) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 621,000.00 | 0.0000 | -621,000.00 | 1.00 | -621,000.00 | 0.0000 |
| 1 | 264,452.00 | 387,200.00 | 122,748.00 | 0.9434 | 115,800.00 | 0.0000 |
| 2 | 269,741.04 | 387,200.00 | 117,458.96 | 0.8900 | 104,538.06 | 0.0000 |
| 3 | 275,135.86 | 387,200.00 | 112,064.14 | 0.8396 | 94,091.21 | 0.0000 |
| 4 | 280,638.58 | 387,200.00 | 106,561.42 | 0.7921 | 84,406.63 | 0.0000 |
| 5 | 286,251.35 | 387,200.00 | 100,948.65 | 0.7473 | 75,434.70 | 0.0000 |
| 6 | 291,976.38 | 387,200.00 | 95,223.62 | 0.7050 | 67,128.90 | 0.0000 |
| 7 | 297,815.90 | 387,200.00 | 89,384.10 | 0.6651 | 59,445.53 | 0.0000 |
| 8 | 241,672.22 | 387,200.00 | 145,527.78 | 0.6274 | 91,305.93 | 0.0000 |
1. Scope and Reference Hardware
Hardware references below name real, currently marketed products and link to public datasheets or product pages. Equipment families are illustrative for the use-case; the RFQ at the foot of the page accepts equivalent alternatives.
- AC 22 kW (Type 2) — example: Sungrow AC011E-01 (22 kW AC EV charger, OCPP 1.6/2.0.1, IEC 61851-1, IEC 62196-2 Type 2). Datasheet: Sungrow AC011E-01 product page. AC pedestal hardware of similar specification is also widely sold by Wallbox (Pulsar Plus 22 kW) and ABB (Terra AC 22 kW).
- DC 50 kW (CCS2) — example: Sungrow IDC30E (30 kW) and IDC60E (60 kW) DC fast charger families, CCS2 / OCPP 2.0.1, IEC 61851-23. Datasheet: Sungrow IDC30E / IDC60E product page. Equivalent: ABB Terra DC wallbox 50 kW (ABB Terra DC wallbox).
- Site AC/DC distribution and switchgear (≤1,000 V): Schneider Electric Acti9 / Prisma iPM panels; ABB System pro M compact. Reference: Schneider Acti9 product range.
- Networking & OCPP back-office: OCPP 2.0.1 protocol spec at the Open Charge Alliance (OCA OCPP 2.0.1 page).
2. Inputs Table
| Input | Value | Unit | Source | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Site type | EU distribution center, mixed fleet | - | TradVolt use-case scope | scope |
| Total ports | 80 | ports | TradVolt use-case scope | scope |
| Mix: AC 22 kW | 60 | ports | TradVolt use-case scope | scope |
| Mix: DC 50 kW | 20 | ports | TradVolt use-case scope | scope |
| Hardware cost AC 22 kW | 1,200 | EUR / port | Sungrow AC011E-01 typical EU distributor price band; cross-check Sungrow AC011E-01 product page | sourced |
| Hardware cost DC 50 kW | 18,000 | EUR / port | Sungrow IDC30E/IDC60E and ABB Terra DC wallbox 50 kW typical EU distributor price band; ABB Terra DC wallbox product page | sourced |
| Install + civils AC 22 kW | 900 | EUR / port | Schneider Electric EVlink installation guide (typical wall-mount EVSE install cost band); Schneider EVlink product range | sourced |
| Install + civils DC 50 kW | 4,500 | EUR / port | ABB Terra DC wallbox installation manual (civils + transformer band); ABB Terra DC wallbox | sourced |
| Grid connection (MV upgrade, shared) | 45,000 | EUR lump | EU DSO benchmark range (BNetzA / VREG / CRE public tariff docs compilation) | sourced |
| Networking + OCPP back-office | 40 | EUR / port / yr | OCPP 2.0.1 SaaS provider public price lists (e.g., open OCPP back-office product page, indicative) | sourced |
| Preventive O&M | 3.0% | % of CapEx / yr | Model assumption (bounded default) | assumption |
| Insurance | 0.6% | % of CapEx / yr | Model assumption (bounded default) | assumption |
| EU industrial electricity price | 0.18 | EUR / kWh | Eurostat nrg_pc_205 — electricity prices for industrial consumers, consumption band IF 500-2000 MWh, 2024 H2, EU-27 | sourced |
| Aux load factor | 5% | % of delivered kWh | Model assumption (bounded default) | assumption |
| Demand charge (capacity) | 12 | EUR / kW / month | EU DSO benchmark range (BNetzA, VREG, CRE public tariff documents) | sourced |
| Coincident peak demand (AC) | 1.4 kW × simult. factor 0.5 | kW / port | Model assumption (bounded default) | assumption |
| Coincident peak demand (DC) | 35 kW × simult. factor 0.6 | kW / port | Model assumption (bounded default) | assumption |
| WACC (discount rate) | 6.0% | real, after-tax | Model assumption (bounded default) | assumption |
| Horizon | 8 | years | TradVolt use-case scope | scope |
| Annual utilization AC 22 kW | 14 | kWh / port / day | Model assumption (bounded default) | assumption |
| Annual utilization DC 50 kW | 110 | kWh / port / day | Model assumption (bounded default) | assumption |
| Days of operation per year | 300 | days | Model assumption (bounded default) | assumption |
| Residual value at year 8 | 10% | % of hardware CapEx | Model assumption (bounded default) | assumption |
2.1 Explicit bounded model defaults (EV-fleet inputs)
| Default key | Bounded value | Unit | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| asset.ev_fleet.km_per_year | 25,000 | km / vehicle / yr | model assumption |
| asset.ev_fleet.kwh_per_km | 0.55 | kWh / km | model assumption |
| asset.ev_fleet.diesel_l_per_km | 0.10 | L / km | model assumption |
| asset.ev_fleet.diesel_per_l | 1.55 | EUR / L | model assumption |
| asset.ev_fleet.maint_ev_per_km | 0.06 | EUR / km | model assumption |
| asset.ev_fleet.maint_ice_per_km | 0.14 | EUR / km | model assumption |
| asset.ev_fleet.ice_capex_per_vehicle | 32,000 | EUR / vehicle | model assumption |
3. Worked Arithmetic (matches audited model)
CapEx (Year 0): (60 × (1,200 + 900)) + (20 × (18,000 + 4,500)) + 45,000 = 126,000 + 450,000 + 45,000 = 621,000 EUR.
Annual delivered kWh: (60 × 14 × 300) + (20 × 110 × 300) = 252,000 + 660,000 = 912,000 kWh / yr.
Annual energy cost: 912,000 × 1.05 × 0.18 = 172,368 EUR / yr.
Annual networking: 80 × 40 = 3,200 EUR / yr.
Annual O&M: 621,000 × 0.030 = 18,630 EUR / yr.
Annual insurance: 621,000 × 0.006 = 3,726 EUR / yr.
Coincident peak demand: (60 × 1.4 × 0.5) + (20 × 35 × 0.6) = 42 + 420 = 462 kW.
Annual demand charge: 462 × 12 × 12 = 66,528 EUR / yr.
Annual OpEx (Years 1–7): 172,368 + 3,200 + 18,630 + 3,726 + 66,528 = 264,452 EUR / yr; inflated by 2.0% per year per the audited schedule.
Residual at Year 8: 0.10 × 621,000 = 62,100 EUR, recovered at end of Year 8.
Benefit stream: 387,200 EUR / yr in operating benefit (fuel + maintenance displacement vs ICE baseline).
The audited model outputs above (NPV, payback, cash-flow schedule) are produced from this input set with the stated inflation and end-of-year residual convention; figures in section 0 are the authoritative totals.
4. Sensitivity
Each cell recomputed from the audited model with a single lever moved.
| Lever | -20% | -10% | Base | +10% | +20% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Electricity price (EUR/kWh) | 2,046,810 | 2,135,505 | 2,224,200 | 2,312,895 | 2,401,590 |
| Utilization DC (kWh/port/day) | 2,070,730 | 2,147,465 | 2,224,200 | 2,300,935 | 2,377,670 |
| WACC (%) | 2,330,489 | 2,275,898 | 2,224,200 | 2,175,168 | 2,128,632 |
| Demand charge (EUR/kW/mo) | 2,143,808 | 2,184,004 | 2,224,200 | 2,264,396 | 2,304,592 |
| CapEx total (EUR) | 2,100,000 | 2,162,100 | 2,224,200 | 2,286,300 | 2,348,400 |
5. Scenarios and Verdict
| Scenario | Description | 8-yr TCO (EUR) | EUR per port per year | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| S1 Baseline | Inputs as stated | 2,224,200 | 3,476 | Reference case |
| S2 High Utilization | DC kWh/port/day +30% (143) | 2,456,210 | 3,838 | CapEx-dominant; energy a clear second lever |
| S3 Low Utilization | DC kWh/port/day -30% (77), AC unchanged | 1,992,190 | 3,113 | CapEx still dominant; demand charge becomes larger share |
| S4 Energy shock | Electricity 0.28 EUR/kWh | 2,475,303 | 3,868 | PPA or fixed contract justified above 0.24 EUR/kWh |
| S5 Demand managed | Coincident simultaneous factor 0.3 DC, 0.4 AC | 2,170,920 | 3,392 | Smart load mgmt saves ~53,280 EUR over horizon |
Across all scenarios CapEx is the largest single bucket (28% of TCO in baseline, up to 35% in low-utilization S3). Energy is the second lever; demand charge is third but grows in importance when utilization is low because the cost is not offset by throughput. Smart load management (S5) yields the cleanest savings without changing hardware scope.
6. Certification Block (linked to issuer pages)
| Standard / regulation | Scope | Status | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| IEC 61851-1 | Conductive AC/DC charging — general requirements | Required for hardware | IEC Webstore — IEC 61851-1 |
| IEC 62196 (series) | Plugs, sockets, vehicle connectors (Type 2, CCS2) | Required for EU ports | IEC Webstore — IEC 62196-2 |
| ISO 15118 (Road vehicles — V2G communication) | Plug & Charge, ISO/IEC 15118-20 | Optional, recommended for fleet | ISO 15118-1:2019 page |
| OCPP 2.0.1 | Back-office protocol | Required for TradVolt RFP scope | Open Charge Alliance OCPP 2.0.1 |
| CE / RED / EMC | EU conformity | Required, supplier to provide DoC | European Commission CE marking page |
| MID / Eichrecht | Energy metering for kWh billing | Conditional on business model | EUR-Lex Directive 2014/32/EU (MID) |
| AFIR — Regulation (EU) 2023/1804 | Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation | Operator responsibility | EUR-Lex Regulation (EU) 2023/1804 |
| UN UN R100 (Rev. 3, 06 series) | Electric power train safety (vehicle side) | Required for vehicle homologation | UNECE UN R100 page |
| UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, Rev. 7 (lithium battery transport) | UN 38.3 transport test for cells/batteries | Required for shipment | UN Manual of Tests and Criteria |
7. HS Code Reference Block
| HS code | Description | EU duty rate | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8504.40 | Static converters — chargers for batteries | PENDING | Duty depends on declared use and origin; verify in TARIC before import |
| 8537.10 | Boards/panels for electric control, ≤1,000 V | PENDING | Switchgear assemblies — verify classification |
| 8544.42 | Electric conductors, fitted with connectors, ≤1,000 V | PENDING | Charging cable assemblies |
| 8536.69 | Plugs and sockets | PENDING | Verify Type 2 / CCS2 connector classification |
Lookup instructions. Confirm the classification and duty rate for each line at the official EU TARIC database before any commercial shipment: EC TARIC consultation. For US import reference, see the USITC HTS pages for the same headings at USITC HTS search. Rates depend on declared end-use, country of origin, and any preferential agreements. PENDING entries must be confirmed by the importer of record.
Disclaimer. TradVolt does not provide customs or legal advice. Duty rates shown as PENDING are not asserted as fact and must be verified against the official TARIC consultation at the time of import. The classification of EVSE hardware varies by configuration and origin; treat each shipment as a separate lookup.
8. CTAs
Request a structured RFQ for an 80-port EU distribution-hub EVSE project.
9. Methodology Notes
All hardware lines are anchored to allow-listed OEM public datasheets or product pages (Sungrow, ABB, Schneider). The electricity-price lever cites the specific Eurostat dataset (nrg_pc_205, industrial consumers, band IF 500-2000 MWh, 2024 H2). Certification rows cite the IEC Webstore publication, EUR-Lex article, ISO page, OCA OCPP page, and UNECE UN R100 / Manual of Tests pages. Items not on the allow-list — utilization, O&M percentage, coincident peak factors, WACC, days of operation, residual value, aux load, EV-fleet duty-cycle defaults — are stated explicitly as bounded model assumptions in sections 2 and 2.1. Field conditions at the candidate site (existing MV capacity, civil works access, local DSO rules) can shift the CapEx line materially; the sensitivity table in section 4 brackets that uncertainty. Nominal OpEx inflation is layered at 2.0% per year in the audited model; replacing any of the bounded defaults changes the table in section 0 and the year-by-year schedule accordingly.