Use case: Fleet depot charging (logistics, mining shuttles, last-mile, municipal) • Vertical: EVSE • Trade lane: CN → ZA
Decision: NPV = −USD 392,605.22 over 25 years at an 8.00 % discount rate; the import is NOT financially viable at the modelled revenue tariff. Simple payback = None; discounted payback = None; LCOE = USD 0.3682/kWh.
Equipment: EVSE DC 150 kW (CCS2 dual-connector configuration). Location: fleet depot, South Africa. Horizon: 25 years. Discount rate: 8.00 %. Evidence date: 2026-09-22. Limitation: outputs are model outputs from bounded assumptions listed in §11; no live quotation or live SARS duty retrieval has been performed.
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| NPV (USD) | −392,605.22 |
| Simple payback | None (net negative every year) |
| Discounted payback | None |
| LCOE (USD/kWh delivered) | 0.3682 |
| IRR | n/a |
| Horizon | 25 years |
| Discount rate | 8.00 % |
The reference configuration is a stand-alone DC fast charger, 150 kW nominal output, dual CCS2 connectors, intended for fixed installation at a fleet depot where vehicles return nightly for opportunity charging. The audited model is anchored on a representative unit of this class; OEM-specific limits (DC output voltage window, SOC operating window, connector pinout) must be read against the OEM manual supplied with the actual unit procured.
Claim: CCS2 (IEC 62196-2 Type 2 configuration, "Combo 2") is the dominant DC fast-charging connector family for new EV deployments in South Africa and across Europe-derived markets.| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Currency | USD |
| Horizon (years) | 25 |
| Discount rate | 8.00 % |
| Total undiscounted cost (USD) | 1,279,988.69 |
| Total discounted cost / PV of costs (USD) | 528,288.18 |
| Total undiscounted benefit (USD) | 336,282.49 |
| Total discounted benefit (USD) | 135,682.96 |
| NPV (USD) | -392,605.22 |
| IRR | n/a |
| Simple payback (year) | — |
| Discounted payback (year) | — |
| LCOE (USD/kWh) | 0.3682 |
Source: Tradvolt audited TCO engine, run dated 2026-09-22, inputs as defined in §10 (CapEx schedule) and §11 (model assumptions). Figures above are authoritative and supersede any illustrative figures in earlier drafts.
| Year | Cost (USD) | Benefit (USD) | Net (USD) | Discount factor | Discounted net (USD) | Energy (kWh) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 36,092.00 | 0.0000 | -36,092.00 | 1.00 | -36,092.00 | 0.0000 |
| 1 | 38,835.00 | 11,200.00 | -27,635.00 | 0.9259 | -25,587.96 | 140,000.00 |
| 2 | 39,611.70 | 11,366.88 | -28,244.82 | 0.8573 | -24,215.38 | 139,300.00 |
| 3 | 40,403.93 | 11,536.25 | -28,867.69 | 0.7938 | -22,916.10 | 138,603.50 |
| 4 | 41,212.01 | 11,708.14 | -29,503.88 | 0.7350 | -21,686.23 | 137,910.48 |
| 5 | 42,036.25 | 11,882.59 | -30,153.67 | 0.6806 | -20,522.08 | 137,220.93 |
| 6 | 42,876.98 | 12,059.64 | -30,817.34 | 0.6302 | -19,420.15 | 136,534.83 |
| 7 | 43,734.52 | 12,239.33 | -31,495.19 | 0.5835 | -18,377.14 | 135,852.15 |
| 8 | 44,609.21 | 12,421.69 | -32,187.51 | 0.5403 | -17,389.91 | 135,172.89 |
| 9 | 45,501.39 | 12,606.78 | -32,894.62 | 0.5002 | -16,455.50 | 134,497.03 |
| 10 | 46,411.42 | 12,794.62 | -33,616.80 | 0.4632 | -15,571.08 | 133,824.54 |
| 11 | 47,339.65 | 12,985.26 | -34,354.39 | 0.4289 | -14,734.01 | 133,155.42 |
| 12 | 48,286.44 | 13,178.74 | -35,107.70 | 0.3971 | -13,941.75 | 132,489.64 |
| 13 | 49,252.17 | 13,375.10 | -35,877.07 | 0.3677 | -13,191.92 | 131,827.19 |
| 14 | 50,237.21 | 13,574.39 | -36,662.82 | 0.3405 | -12,482.26 | 131,168.06 |
| 15 | 51,241.96 | 13,776.65 | -37,465.31 | 0.3152 | -11,810.63 | 130,512.22 |
| 16 | 52,266.80 | 13,981.92 | -38,284.88 | 0.2919 | -11,174.99 | 129,859.66 |
| 17 | 53,312.13 | 14,190.25 | -39,121.88 | 0.2703 | -10,573.43 | 129,210.36 |
| 18 | 54,378.38 | 14,401.69 | -39,976.69 | 0.2502 | -10,004.13 | 128,564.31 |
| 19 | 55,465.94 | 14,616.27 | -40,849.67 | 0.2317 | -9,465.36 | 127,921.48 |
| 20 | 56,575.26 | 14,834.05 | -41,741.21 | 0.2145 | -8,955.50 | 127,281.88 |
| 21 | 57,706.77 | 15,055.08 | -42,651.69 | 0.1987 | -8,473.00 | 126,645.47 |
| 22 | 58,860.90 | 15,279.40 | -43,581.50 | 0.1839 | -8,016.40 | 126,012.24 |
| 23 | 60,038.12 | 15,507.06 | -44,531.06 | 0.1703 | -7,584.32 | 125,382.18 |
| 24 | 61,238.88 | 15,738.12 | -45,500.76 | 0.1577 | -7,175.44 | 124,755.27 |
| 25 | 62,463.66 | 15,972.62 | -46,491.04 | 0.1460 | -6,788.52 | 124,131.49 |
The net cash flow is negative in every year of the horizon, including the terminal year, because the modelled benefit per kWh is below the modelled all-in cost per kWh (USD 0.3682 LCOE). Simple payback and discounted payback are therefore not reached within 25 years and are reported as None. IRR is reported as n/a because the project does not cross zero on either nominal or discounted cash flow.
1 / (1 + 0.08)t with t = year index. Sum of (Cost × Discount factor) across years 0–25 = USD 528,288.18, matching the "Total discounted cost / PV of costs" row. Sum of (Benefit × Discount factor) across years 0–25 = USD 135,682.96, matching "Total discounted benefit". NPV = 135,682.96 − 528,288.18 = −392,605.22, matching the audited NPV row.The reference equipment modelled on this page is the Sungrow IDC180E-CSS2-150 (Sungrow 150 kW integrated DC fast-charger family, dual CCS2 connector configuration). Model-specific limits (DC output voltage window, maximum continuous current, SOC operating envelope, connector pinout) must be confirmed against the OEM datasheet and product manual at the time of procurement.
For procurement due diligence, two adjacent publicly marketed 150 kW-class DC charger families that buyers may compare against the reference unit are the Huawei FusionCharge DC 120–180 kW range (landing: https://solar.huawei.com/en) and the Growatt EVD/EVE DC fast-charger range (landing: https://www.growatt.com/). Neither is the modelled unit on this page; both are listed for buyer cross-reference only.
| Item | Unit | Qty | Unit Cost (USD) | Subtotal (USD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EVSE DC 150 kW unit (Sungrow IDC180E-CSS2-150, ex-works China, CCS2 dual) | pcs | 1 | 28,000 (RFQ) | 28,000 |
| Export wooden crate / seaworthy packaging (ISPM 15 compliant) | pcs | 1 | 450 | 450 |
| Inland freight (factory → Shanghai/Ningbo port) | shipment | 1 | 300 | 300 |
| Ocean freight (CN → Durban, FCL 20 ft) | shipment | 1 | 2,200 (carrier quote) | 2,200 |
| Cargo insurance (0.3% of CIF) | policy | 1 | 92 | 92 |
| Customs duty (SARS, see §7) | line | 1 | PENDING — live lookup | PENDING |
| VAT 15% (SARS standard rate) | line | 1 | PENDING — live lookup | PENDING |
| Port handling, THC, documentation (Durban) | shipment | 1 | 650 | 650 |
| Inland transport Durban → depot | shipment | 1 | 900 | 900 |
| Installation (civil works, LV panel, commissioning) | lot | 1 | 3,500 | 3,500 |
| Year-0 CapEx used in the audited model | 36,092.00 | |||
CapEx line items marked "RFQ" or "PENDING" must be confirmed against a live quotation and against the SARS portal at the time of procurement. The audited TCO uses USD 36,092.00 as the Year-0 outflow.
Claim: Wood packaging used in international trade must comply with ISPM 15 (heat treatment or methyl bromide fumigation; official mark required).HS heading (likely): 8504 (static converters); 8-digit national line PENDING — confirm via the SARS portal at the time of quotation.
Lookup path: SARS customs tariff schedule (Schedule No. 1, Part 1) at https://www.sars.gov.za/ — confirm current 8-digit line and rate under HS 8504.
Program: General customs duty + VAT (SARS); potential ITAC rebate or drawback to be evaluated against origin and use case.
As-of: 2026-09-22
SoT: SARS live portal (rate and 8-digit line not asserted on this page).
VAT rate: 15% standard (applies to dutiable value + duty).
The audited model uses an annual OpEx schedule that escalates with the modelled cost inflation. The Year-1 OpEx anchor is USD 38,835 (electricity, connectivity, preventive maintenance, spares/consumables). Electricity is the largest line; the model assumes an industrial-grid tariff that produces a negative spread between cost and revenue at the modelled benefit rate.
Claim: Industrial/business electricity tariffs in South Africa vary by municipality and time-of-use class.| Standard / Scheme | Scope | Document URL | Publication / version | Status (this shipment) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IEC 61851-1 | Conductive charging systems — general requirements | https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/33979 | IEC 61851-1:2017 (consolidated) | OEM-declared (cert number per unit to be confirmed) |
| IEC 62196-2 | Plugs, socket-outlets, vehicle connectors — dimensional compatibility | https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/6582 | IEC 62196-2:2022 | OEM-declared (cert number per unit to be confirmed) |
| IEC 61851-23 | DC charging station requirements | https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/6032 | IEC 61851-23:2014 | OEM-declared (cert number per unit to be confirmed) |
| ISO/IEC 15118 | Vehicle-to-grid communication interface | https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/31005 | ISO/IEC 15118-1:2019 | Optional per spec (confirm if required) |
| OCPP 1.6 / 2.0.1 | Backend communication protocol (Open Charge Point Protocol) | https://www.openchargealliance.org/ | OCPP 2.0.1 (final, 2018-04, errata 2020) | OEM-supported (confirm version) |
| NRCS LOA | South African National Regulator for Compulsory Specifications — Letter of Authority for EVSE | https://www.nrcs.org.za/ | NRCS LOA scheme, current scheme rules as published on NRCS portal | PENDING — confirm with NRCS |
The following defaults were used where the draft did not state a value. They are model assumptions, not sourced facts, and may be revised in the next RFQ cycle.
| Input | Value |
|---|---|
| residual_value.amount (USD) | 0 |
| residual_value.year | n/a (no terminal salvage) |
| asset.pv.kwp | 0 (no PV paired) |
| asset.pv.specific_yield_kwh_per_kwp | n/a |
| asset.pv.degradation_pct_per_year | n/a |
| asset.pv.tariff_escalation_pct | n/a |
| asset.pv.self_consumption_pct | n/a |
| asset.pv.export_tariff_per_kwh | n/a |
The CSV input pack feeding the audited TCO engine, and the CSV output pack reproducing the §3 table, are made available to verified buyers on RFQ submission. The RFQ endpoint is the live Tradvolt RFQ service at /rfq/ on this domain.
Submit the form below. Our sourcing desk replies within 48 hours on business days with an indicative landed-cost quotation tailored to your destination, cert scope and incoterm. The RFQ endpoint is the live Tradvolt RFQ service at /rfq/ on this domain.
NPV = −USD 392,605.22 over 25 years at an 8.00 % discount rate, with simple payback and discounted payback not reached (None) and LCOE = USD 0.3682/kWh. The negative NPV is driven by a modelled benefit tariff that is below the modelled all-in cost of energy delivered.
DC chargers typically classify under HS heading 8504 (static converters). The exact 8-digit SARS national line and applicable duty rate must be confirmed live in the SARS portal at https://www.sars.gov.za/ before shipment.
Common references include IEC 61851-1, IEC 62196 series and IEC 61851-23. National SABS/NRCS approval status must be verified with the OEM and the regulator (NRCS Letter of Authority scheme).
OEM warranty terms vary. Common ranges are 24 to 36 months for the complete unit. Power modules and cable assemblies may carry longer coverage. Confirm exact terms on the OEM datasheet and in the RFQ response.
Frequent choices include FOB Shanghai, CIF Durban and DAP Johannesburg, all defined under Incoterms 2020 (ICC publication 723E). Selection depends on whether the buyer or seller manages inland freight, customs clearance and risk transfer at origin vs. destination.
Ocean freight from Chinese ports to Durban typically ranges from 25 to 35 days port-to-port, plus inland transit and customs clearance. Exact timelines vary by carrier, routing and port congestion.