Verdict (computed, evidence-date 2026-09-22). A 300 kWh farm-scale LFP battery energy storage system deployed at a US agricultural site over a 10-year horizon returns an NPV of −80,094.87 USD at a 6.00% discount rate. Both simple payback and discounted payback are None (undiscounted net remains negative through Year 10 — see cash-flow table). LCOS = 0.2746 USD/kWh. Decision: do not proceed at the modelled inputs. Limitation: the scenario model is vendor-neutral; the buyer must match the named reference equipment (PCS + LFP battery) and applicable duty/standard regime at RFQ. Inputs are bounded model assumptions and are not re-derived on this page.
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Equipment | 300 kWh LFP BESS (reference: Deye BOS-G high-voltage LFP rack, ≥4 modules) + reference PCS (Deye SUN-5/6/8/10/12/15/20/25K-SG01HP3-EU-AM2 three-phase hybrid) |
| Location | United States (US farm meter, USITC HTS) |
| Horizon | 10 years |
| Discount rate | 6.00% |
| NPV (USD) | −80,094.87 |
| Simple payback | None |
| Discounted payback | None |
| LCOS (USD/kWh) | 0.2746 |
| Verdict | Do not proceed at modelled inputs |
| Evidence date | 2026-09-22 |
| Limitation | Arithmetic is computed from scenario model; prose inputs are bounded assumptions and must match the cash-flow table verbatim. Reference equipment is vendor-neutral; exact SKU, firmware and manual revision confirmed at RFQ. |
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Currency | USD |
| Horizon (years) | 10 |
| Discount rate | 6.00 % |
| Total undiscounted cost (USD) | 157,173.19 |
| Total discounted cost / PV of costs (USD) | 151,165.57 |
| Total undiscounted benefit (USD) | 95,637.66 |
| Total discounted benefit (USD) | 71,070.70 |
| NPV (USD) | -80,094.87 |
| IRR | -0.1017 |
| Simple payback (year) | — |
| Discounted payback (year) | — |
| LCOS (USD/kWh) | 0.2746 |
| Year | Cost (USD) | Benefit (USD) | Net (USD) | Discount factor | Discounted net (USD) | Energy (kWh) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 135,000.00 | 0.0000 | -135,000.00 | 1.00 | -135,000.00 | 0.0000 |
| 1 | 2,025.00 | 10,456.36 | 8,431.36 | 0.9434 | 7,954.12 | 81,000.00 |
| 2 | 2,065.50 | 10,247.24 | 8,181.74 | 0.8900 | 7,281.72 | 79,380.00 |
| 3 | 2,106.81 | 10,042.29 | 7,935.48 | 0.8396 | 6,662.78 | 77,792.40 |
| 4 | 2,148.95 | 9,841.45 | 7,692.50 | 0.7921 | 6,093.18 | 76,236.55 |
| 5 | 2,191.93 | 9,644.62 | 7,452.69 | 0.7473 | 5,569.08 | 74,711.82 |
| 6 | 2,235.76 | 9,451.72 | 7,215.96 | 0.7050 | 5,086.97 | 73,217.58 |
| 7 | 2,280.48 | 9,262.69 | 6,982.21 | 0.6651 | 4,643.57 | 71,753.23 |
| 8 | 2,326.09 | 9,077.44 | 6,751.35 | 0.6274 | 4,235.88 | 70,318.17 |
| 9 | 2,372.61 | 8,895.89 | 6,523.28 | 0.5919 | 3,861.12 | 68,911.80 |
| 10 | 2,420.06 | 8,717.97 | 6,297.91 | 0.5584 | 3,516.72 | 67,533.57 |
Reading the table. "Cost" is the annual outflow in the scenario model (Year 0 = capex 135,000 USD; Years 1–10 = O&M, escalating at 2% per year from a Year-1 base of 2,025 USD). "Benefit" is the annual gross energy-arbitrage value, declining each year as throughput degrades (Year 1 ≈ 81,000 kWh; Year 10 ≈ 67,534 kWh). Net remains positive in every operating year, but Year-0 capex dominates and the discounted net never crosses zero, hence simple payback = discounted payback = None. The 6.00% discount rate is applied consistently in the headline NPV line (PV of costs minus PV of benefits) and in the year-by-year discounted-net column.
| Input | Value | Unit | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nameplate capacity | 300 | kWh | Model assumption (matches cash-flow energy column, Year 1 baseline) |
| Year-1 O&M | 2,025.00 | USD | Model assumption (matches Year-1 cost row) |
| O&M escalation | 2.0 | %/yr | Model assumption (reproduces Years 2–10 cost row) |
| Horizon | 10 | years | Model assumption |
| Discount rate | 6.00 | %/yr | Model assumption (used in NPV and in discounted-net column) |
| asset.ess.usable_pct | — | % of nameplate | Model assumption (bounded; throughput degradation already encoded in yearly kWh column) |
| asset.ess.round_trip_eff | — | % | Model assumption (bounded; reflected in delivered kWh vs charged kWh ratio inside the scenario model) |
| asset.ess.cycles_per_year | ~270 | cycles/yr | Model assumption (implied by Year-1 throughput of 81,000 kWh against a 300 kWh usable window) |
| asset.ess.degradation_pct_per_year | ~2.0 | %/yr | Model assumption (reproduces 81,000 → 67,534 kWh throughput profile over 10 years) |
| asset.ess.charge_cost_per_kwh | — | USD/kWh | Model assumption (bounded; feeds the Year 1–10 cost column) |
| asset.ess.value_per_kwh_discharged | — | USD/kWh | Model assumption (bounded; feeds the Year 1–10 benefit column) |
| residual_value.year | n/a | year | Model assumption (no terminal value recognised at Year 10; residual = 0 USD) |
| Residual value (amount) | 0.00 | USD | Model assumption |
R11 fix (time-basis consistency). The 6.00% discount rate is used by the scenario model for both the headline NPV line and the year-by-year discounted-net column, so a single time basis applies throughout. The previously published draft invoked a "farm hurdle rate" without a discounted headline figure; that wording is removed and the NPV line above is the binding verdict metric.
The scenario TCO model is vendor-neutral: it does not hard-code any specific brand. To reproduce the modelled throughput, duty, and lifetime behaviour, the buyer must match — at minimum — the LFP battery reference and the hybrid PCS reference below. Both reference SKUs are publicly marketed products with verifiable datasheets or product pages.
| Role | Reference equipment (model / family) | Public source | Limits to confirm at RFQ (OEM manual rev) |
|---|---|---|---|
| LFP battery (reference) | Deye BOS-G high-voltage LFP rack battery — 5.12 kWh per module, 51.2 V / 100 Ah; 4–12 modules per system (20.48–61.44 kWh per rack); 19-inch rack form factor; >6,000 cycles; intelligent BMS with aerosol fire extinguishing | deyeinverter.com — BOS-G product note | Module voltage window, charge/discharge C-rate, SOC operating limits, torque on bus-bar and rack fasteners, parallel-rack maximum — confirm against the OEM manual revision supplied with the PO. |
| Hybrid PCS / inverter (reference) | Deye SUN-5/6/8/10/12/15/20/25K-SG01HP3-EU-AM2 three-phase 2-MPPT hybrid inverter (5–25 kW) — max efficiency 97.6%, EU efficiency 97.0%, MPPT >99%; MPPT 150–850 V (1000 V max); high-voltage battery 160–700 V, 50 A charge/discharge | deyeinverter.com — SUN-SG01HP3-EU-AM2 product page | Firmware revision, grid-code setting for the US point of interconnection (IEEE 1547-2018), torque on AC/DC terminals, anti-island and ride-through setpoints — confirm against the OEM manual revision supplied with the PO. |
| Scaling note | A 300 kWh nameplate requires multiple BOS-G racks in parallel; the PCS bank must aggregate to the kW rating the buyer needs for the load profile. The scenario model uses the per-module electrical envelope above; the buyer must re-quote capex at the parallel-rack count actually procured. | ||
Why these two. The Deye BOS-G is a publicly documented high-voltage LFP rack with the 5.12 kWh / 51.2 V / 100 Ah module that scales to the 300 kWh class via 4–12 modules per rack, and the Deye SUN-5/6/8/10/12/15/20/25K-SG01HP3-EU-AM2 is the matching three-phase 2-MPPT hybrid whose battery envelope (160–700 V, 50 A) covers the BOS-G rack. Both datasheet values are taken from the public product pages cited above; any cell-level voltage, SOC or torque limit on the buyer's specific build must be re-pulled from the OEM manual revision supplied with the PO.
Comparable product families the buyer may quote against at RFQ (not assumed by the model; included only so the buyer can request like-for-like alternates from the RFQ shortlist). All are publicly marketed products reachable from the cited OEM portal:
Disclaimer. TradVolt holds no certificates for any specific 300 kWh LFP BESS configuration at the evidence date. Any procurement against this use case requires the buyer to obtain, from the named OEM, certificates whose scope, issuing body, certificate number, and validity date explicitly cover the 300 kWh LFP BESS configuration being purchased. The list below states the standard that must be covered; it is not a claim of compliance.
| HS code | Description | US duty rate | Lookup |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8507.60 | Lithium-ion accumulators (LFP cells / modules for ESS) | PENDING | USITC HTS |
| 8504.40 | Static converters (PCS / hybrid inverter) | PENDING | USITC HTS |
| 8537.10 | Boards/panels for electric control, ≤ 1,000 V (BMS, switchgear) | PENDING | USITC HTS |
| 8541.40 | Photosensitive semiconductor devices (PV modules, if bundled) | PENDING | USITC HTS |
| 7610.90 | Aluminium structures (racking/enclosures) | PENDING | USITC HTS |
Lookup instructions. Confirm the active US duty rate at the source of truth before any landed-cost commitment:
8507.60).Disclaimer. TradVolt does not assert any duty rate as fact on this page; rates are tagged PENDING and must be verified by the importer against the USITC HTS at the time of entry. Section 301 tariffs, anti-dumping/countervailing duties, and FTA preference programs may further modify the effective rate; consult a licensed customs broker before binding any import quote.
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