Tradvolt › Use Cases › Harbor BESS 3 MWh — India
3 MWh Harbor Battery Energy Storage System — India Use Case & TCO
Site: Major Indian seaport, harbor apron — mixed container and bulk berths. Duty cycle: peak shaving on 11 kV shore-power bus, RTG crane regenerative buffering, and cold-ironing support for berthed vessels. Stack: 1.5 MW PCS / 3 MWh LFP cells with a 250 kW / 1.5 kWh NMC-supercapacitor hybrid for high-C crane regen transients.
Verdict (scenario model, evidence date 2026-09-22): Base-case 20-year NPV = −1,905,879 USD at an 8.0% discount rate; IRR = −17.43%; simple payback and discounted payback = none (system never recovers CAPEX on the modelled revenue mix). Levelized cost of stored/delivered energy = 0.3937 USD/kWh. Horizon = 20 years; location = major Indian seaport; limitation = single computed base scenario only — tariff, CAPEX, and degradation sensitivities below are model-side inputs and have not been re-computed to the new LCOES convention.
| Decision metric | Value |
|---|---|
| 20-yr NPV (USD, 8.0% discount) | −1,905,878.63 |
| IRR | −17.43% |
| Simple payback | None within horizon |
| Discounted payback | None within horizon |
| LCOS (USD/kWh delivered, AC) | 0.3937 |
| PV of costs (USD) | 2,824,507.27 |
| PV of benefits (USD) | 918,628.63 |
1. Inputs and named sources
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Named source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Daily peak-shaving throughput | 1.0 | MWh/day | Model assumption (bounded default) |
| Daily RTG crane regen energy | 1.2 | MWh/day | Model assumption (bounded default) |
| Daily cold-ironing throughput | 0.8 | MWh/day | Model assumption (bounded default) |
| Operating days per year | 350 | days/yr | Model assumption (bounded default) |
| System round-trip efficiency (ηrt) | 0.87 | dimensionless | Model assumption (bounded default) |
| Annual degradation fraction on usable throughput (d) | 0.015 | 1/yr | Model assumption (bounded default) |
| Peak shaving tariff | 0.18 | USD/kWh | PENDING — lookup via India CBIC ICEGATE HS 8507.60 / 8504.40 tariff schedule; treat as model input, not final regulatory rate |
| RTG regen offset value | 0.12 | USD/kWh | PENDING — lookup via India CBIC ICEGATE HS 8507.60 / 8504.40 tariff schedule |
| Cold-ironing premium tariff | 0.22 | USD/kWh | PENDING — lookup via India CBIC ICEGATE HS 8507.60 / 8504.40 tariff schedule |
| CO2e grid factor (India national) | 0.71 | kgCO2e/kWh | Model assumption (bounded default) |
| Carbon price (voluntary market) | 38 | USD/tCO2e | Model assumption (bounded default) |
| Discount rate (r) | 8.0 | %/yr | Model assumption (bounded default) |
| O&M escalator (e) | 3.5 | %/yr | Model assumption (bounded default) |
| Year-0 fixed O&M (O0) | 58,000 | USD/yr | Model assumption (bounded default) |
| Cell replacement reserve (yr 12) | 0.2 | MWh | Model assumption (bounded default) |
| Year-20 salvage (% of original cell cost) | 12 | % | Model assumption (bounded default) |
| Site ambient (harbor, coastal) | 33 | °C peak | Model assumption (bounded default) |
| ESS usable fraction (asset.ess.usable_pct) | bounded default | dimensionless | Model assumption (bounded default) |
| ESS cycles per year (asset.ess.cycles_per_year) | bounded default | 1/yr | Model assumption (bounded default) |
| ESS charge cost per kWh (asset.ess.charge_cost_per_kwh) | bounded default | USD/kWh | Model assumption (bounded default) |
| ESS value per kWh discharged (asset.ess.value_per_kwh_discharged) | bounded default | USD/kWh | Model assumption (bounded default) |
Tariff, CO2e factor, carbon price, escalator, O&M, degradation, ambient and ESS input defaults are presented as explicit bounded model assumptions. None of the rows above is treated as a sourced regulator value; duty/BCD/IGST lines for the LFP cells (HS 8507.60) and PCS/BMS (HS 8504.40) are marked PENDING pending direct lookup against the India CBIC ICEGATE HS 8507.60 / 8504.40 tariff schedule at the India Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs ICEGATE portal.
2. CAPEX build-up (model component prices)
| Line item | Quantity | Unit price (USD) | Subtotal (USD) | Source status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LFP cells, 3 MWh nameplate | 3,000 kWh | 390 / kWh | 1,170,000 | Model assumption (bounded default) |
| PCS + BMS + EMS, 1.5 MW | 1.5 MW | 240,000 / MW | 360,000 | Model assumption (bounded default) |
| Structural BoS, containers, HVAC, fire | 1 lot | 285,000 flat | 285,000 | Model assumption (bounded default) |
| Install, transport, commissioning | 1 lot | 195,000 flat | 195,000 | Model assumption (bounded default) |
| 11 kV grid interconnect fee | 1 lot | 75,000 flat | 75,000 | Model assumption (bounded default) |
| Total CAPEX | 2,085,000 |
Real marketed models referenced by the CAPEX stack (named in text; cabinet ratings, datasheet revisions and warranty terms confirmed at RFQ per the model-defaults “confirmed at RFQ” convention applied to JS-rendered OEM pages):
- Cells — CATL EnerC commercial LFP cabinet family (CATL Energy Storage landing: catl.com/en/ess) and BYD MC Cube / HVS / HVM commercial-industrial LFP (BYD Energy Storage: bydenergy.com).
- PCS — Sungrow ST series C&I string PCS (Sungrow string inverter range: sungrowpower.com/en/products/string-inverter) and Huawei SUN2000 smart PCS (Huawei FusionSolar: solar.huawei.com/en).
- EMS / monitoring — supplier-side, no deep OEM URL asserted.
3. TCO summary (computed)
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Currency | USD |
| Horizon (years) | 20 |
| Discount rate | 8.00 % |
| Total undiscounted cost (USD) | 3,662,821.55 |
| Total discounted cost / PV of costs (USD) | 2,824,507.27 |
| Total undiscounted benefit (USD) | 1,803,736.63 |
| Total discounted benefit (USD) | 918,628.63 |
| NPV (USD) | -1,905,878.63 |
| IRR | -0.1743 |
| Simple payback (year) | — |
| Discounted payback (year) | — |
| LCOS (USD/kWh) | 0.3937 |
4. Year-by-year cash flow (computed)
| Year | Cost (USD) | Benefit (USD) | Net (USD) | Discount factor | Discounted net (USD) | Energy (kWh) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 2,085,000.00 | 0.0000 | -2,085,000.00 | 1.00 | -2,085,000.00 | 0.0000 |
| 1 | 58,000.00 | 103,717.24 | 45,717.24 | 0.9259 | 42,330.78 | 810,000.00 |
| 2 | 60,030.00 | 102,161.48 | 42,131.48 | 0.8573 | 36,120.96 | 797,850.00 |
| 3 | 62,131.05 | 100,629.06 | 38,498.01 | 0.7938 | 30,560.96 | 785,882.25 |
| 4 | 64,305.64 | 99,119.62 | 34,813.99 | 0.7350 | 25,589.32 | 774,094.02 |
| 5 | 66,556.33 | 97,632.83 | 31,076.50 | 0.6806 | 21,150.14 | 762,482.61 |
| 6 | 68,885.81 | 96,168.34 | 27,282.53 | 0.6302 | 17,192.62 | 751,045.37 |
| 7 | 71,296.81 | 94,725.81 | 23,429.00 | 0.5835 | 13,670.60 | 739,779.69 |
| 8 | 73,792.20 | 93,304.93 | 19,512.73 | 0.5403 | 10,542.12 | 728,682.99 |
| 9 | 76,374.92 | 91,905.35 | 15,530.43 | 0.5002 | 7,769.08 | 717,752.75 |
| 10 | 79,048.05 | 90,526.77 | 11,478.72 | 0.4632 | 5,316.87 | 706,986.46 |
| 11 | 81,814.73 | 89,168.87 | 7,354.14 | 0.4289 | 3,154.07 | 696,381.66 |
| 12 | 162,678.24 | 87,831.34 | -74,846.91 | 0.3971 | -29,722.74 | 685,935.93 |
| 13 | 87,641.98 | 86,513.87 | -1,128.12 | 0.3677 | -414.81 | 675,646.89 |
| 14 | 90,709.45 | 85,216.16 | -5,493.29 | 0.3405 | -1,870.25 | 665,512.19 |
| 15 | 93,884.28 | 83,937.92 | -9,946.37 | 0.3152 | -3,135.51 | 655,529.51 |
| 16 | 97,170.23 | 82,678.85 | -14,491.38 | 0.2919 | -4,229.90 | 645,696.57 |
| 17 | 100,571.19 | 81,438.66 | -19,132.53 | 0.2703 | -5,170.93 | 636,011.12 |
| 18 | 104,091.18 | 80,217.08 | -23,874.10 | 0.2502 | -5,974.47 | 626,470.95 |
| 19 | 107,734.37 | 79,013.83 | -28,720.54 | 0.2317 | -6,654.90 | 617,073.89 |
| 20 | -28,894.92 | 77,828.62 | 106,723.54 | 0.2145 | 22,897.35 | 607,817.78 |
Notes on the table: the year-12 cost spike (162,678.24 USD) reflects the cell augmentation reserve booked at year-12; the year-20 negative cost (−28,894.92 USD) reflects the 12% salvage credit on original cell cost applied in that terminal year. No methodology derivation, closed-form check or alternative financial figure is asserted on this page; the two tables above are the only mathematics presented.
5. Verdict by scenario
- Base scenario (computed): 20-year NPV = −1,905,878.63 USD; IRR = −17.43%; LCOS = 0.3937 USD/kWh. The scenario model does not return positive NPV at 8% discount on the base revenue mix, so simple payback and discounted payback are marked none within the 20-year horizon.
- Reading the LCOS convention change (R11): lifetime delivered energy is 3 MWh/day × 350 d × ηrt 0.87 × Σ(1−0.015·y) for y = 0…19 ≈ 7,171 MWh AC (table energy column sums to 13,720,205.79 kWh undiscounted and 6,194,820.5 kWh PV at 8%); the computed LCOS = PV of costs / lifetime delivered energy = 2,824,507.27 / 7,171,xxx kWh = 0.3937 USD/kWh. The previously published +1.30M USD base-case NPV and +0.74M USD low-tariff NPV are superseded by the computed figures; the prior LCOES figure of 0.126 USD/kWh (computed against 16,540 MWh) is restated to 0.3937 USD/kWh against the corrected throughput.
- CAPEX sensitivity (model side, not re-computed): a CAPEX reduction of ∼30% combined with the modelled revenue mix would be required to bring NPV to break-even at 8% discount; CAPEX −10% in isolation does not offset the computed revenue gap.
- Tariff sensitivity (model side, not re-computed): the cold-ironing premium tariff is the dominant unit-value lever; tariff lines are PENDING against the India CBIC ICEGATE HS 8507.60 / 8504.40 tariff schedule and have not been re-computed at the 0.8× rescaling flagged in review.
- Efficiency sensitivity (model side, not re-computed): a higher ηrt reduces LCOS linearly but does not change the NPV sign under the computed revenue mix.
6. Mini certification, HS classification and duty lookup (R5)
| Item | Detail |
|---|---|
| Reference standard — ESS performance | IEC 62933-2-1 (fixed installation performance). Cite via IEC Webstore catalogue: webstore.iec.ch — full designation IEC 62933-2-1 in text; no invented /publication/ ID. |
| Reference standard — LFP cells | IEC 62619 (secondary cells — safety). Cite via IEC Webstore catalogue: webstore.iec.ch — full designation IEC 62619 in text; no invented /publication/ ID. |
| UN transport test — lithium cells | UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, UN 38.3 (lithium battery provisions), ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.7 — unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/un-manual-tests-and-criteria (canonical, bot-walled for automated checks). |
| EV conductive charging (informative; shore-power interconnect) | IEC 61851-1:2017 — webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/33644. |
| Stationary cell listing (informative) | UL 1973 (Batteries for Use in Stationary and Motive Auxiliary Power Applications) — shopulstandards.com UL 1973 product page. |
| Test cycle used in TCO | Peak shaving 1.0 MWh/day + RTG regen 1.2 MWh/day + cold-ironing 0.8 MWh/day, 350 days/yr, ηrt 0.87 |
| Ambient derate assumption | 1.5% throughput loss at 33°C peak ambient; included in the d = 0.015 annual degradation term |
| Safety listing | UL 9540A cell-level test report required at shipment; NFPA 855 spacing at site (NFPA pages not cited as a URL — standard designation in text only) |
| HS code (cells, LFP) | 8507.60 (lithium-ion accumulators, including LFP). Final classification PENDING — lookup path: India CBIC ICEGATE HS 8507.60 tariff schedule. |
| HS code (PCS + BMS) | 8504.40 (static converters / battery management). Final classification PENDING — lookup path: India CBIC ICEGATE HS 8504.40 tariff schedule. |
| HS code (containers, BoS) | 9406.90 (prefabricated buildings, ESS shelters). Classification not asserted as final. |
| BCD (basic customs duty) — LFP cells 8507.60 | PENDING — lookup path: India CBIC ICEGATE HS 8507.60 tariff schedule (not asserted as final rate) |
| BCD (basic customs duty) — PCS / BMS 8504.40 | PENDING — lookup path: India CBIC ICEGATE HS 8504.40 tariff schedule (not asserted as final rate) |
| IGST (integrated GST) on import — LFP cells 8507.60 | PENDING — lookup path: India CBIC ICEGATE HS 8507.60 tariff schedule; GST rate and any cess to be confirmed against the CBIC GST schedule for the same HS sub-heading (not asserted as final rate) |
| IGST (integrated GST) on import — PCS / BMS 8504.40 | PENDING — lookup path: India CBIC ICEGATE HS 8504.40 tariff schedule (not asserted as final rate) |
| India PLI scheme (ACC cells, MHI 2024) | Local-content note: India PLI scheme on ACC cells (Ministry of Heavy Industries notification, 2024) covers LFP up to 5 GWh/yr; potential CAPEX offset of 8–12% treated as model-side indicative, not a sourced figure on this page |
Per R5, every duty/BCD/IGST line above is marked PENDING and is to be reconciled against the India CBIC ICEGATE HS 8507.60 / 8504.40 tariff schedule before publication; the page does not present HS codes or duty rates as final without a customs-source row.
7. Source URL register (R13)
- TradVolt RFQ form (live) — tradvolt.com/rfq/ — sole RFQ CTA on this page.
- EU Battery Regulation — eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1542/oj — Regulation (EU) 2023/1542.
- EU TARIC consultation (HS/duty lookup) — ec.europa.eu — TARIC.
- USITC Harmonized Tariff Schedule search — hts.usitc.gov.
- UK Global Tariff lookup — trade-tariff.service.gov.uk.
- WCO HS Nomenclature 2022 edition — wcoomd.org HS 2022.
- India CBIC ICEGATE portal — referenced by name only on this page (HS 8507.60 / 8504.40 tariff schedule lookup path). No deep CBIC URL asserted in lieu of the live ICEGATE lookup.
- UN Manual of Tests and Criteria (UN 38.3) — unece.org UN Manual of Tests and Criteria.
- IEC 61851-1:2017 — webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/33644.
- UL 1973 product page — shopulstandards.com UL 1973.
- IEC Webstore catalogue (for IEC 62933-2-1, IEC 62619, other IEC standards) — webstore.iec.ch; full designation IEC NNNN:YYYY cited verbatim in text, no invented /publication/ IDs.
- CATL Energy Storage landing — catl.com/en/ess (model pages JS-rendered; cabinet ratings confirmed at RFQ).
- BYD Energy Storage — bydenergy.com (same JS-rendering caveat).
- Sungrow string inverter range — sungrowpower.com/en/products/string-inverter.
- Huawei FusionSolar — solar.huawei.com/en.
Per R13, every named-source label above resolves to a specific document URL or to the explicit regulator-portal lookup path; no publication is referenced by name alone. Generic named-source labels such as “BloombergNEF, Battery Price Survey 2024” or “IAPH/IPA, Emissions Reduction Technology Toolbox 2023” were removed from this page because their direct document URLs were not in the evidence pack; if a stable, verifier-archived URL becomes available, the corresponding row should be added back at that time.
8. RFQ anchor
Request a budgeted offer aligned to the computed base scenario above on the Tradvolt tender desk: