Verdict (illustrative reference design — no specific OEM selected). For a 2 MWh usable / 1 MW AC (0.5C) LFP BESS at a Latam glass plant, evaluated over a 15-year horizon at a real WACC of 8.00 %, the computed Tradvolt TCO model returns NPV = USD 29,591.13, discounted payback = 14.126991452498977 years, simple payback = 8.269428395150076 years, IRR = 0.0892, and LCOS = USD 0.1232 / kWh discharged. The project is marginally positive on NPV and slow on discounted payback, meaning the case clears its hurdle only if a demand-charge tariff, an ancillary market, a mid-life augmentation at year 8, and a 10 % second-life residual are simultaneously realised at the actual site. Equipment class: 2 MWh usable / 1 MW AC, 0.5C LFP BESS container (illustrative; specific SKU confirmed at RFQ). Location: Latin America (operator schedule generic). Horizon: 15 years. Evidence date: 2026-09-22. Limitation: figures are copied verbatim from the COMPUTED TABLES below; no figure on this page is recomputed by Tradvolt Research, and per-cell values must match the two COMPUTED TABLES exactly.

Decision at a glance
ItemValue
Equipment class (illustrative)2 MWh usable / 1 MW AC, 0.5C LFP BESS container
LocationLatin America (operator schedule generic)
Horizon15 years
Discount rate (real WACC)8.00 %
NPVUSD 29,591.13
IRR0.0892
Simple payback8.269428395150076 years
Discounted payback14.126991452498977 years
LCOSUSD 0.1232 / kWh
Evidence date2026-09-22
Key limitationNo specific OEM / model selected; tariff, ancillary, augmentation, and residual assumptions are bounded inputs, not site-verified data.

Glass Factory 2 MWh ESS — Latam Use-Case & TCO (illustrative reference design)

Illustrative reference design — no specific OEM, family, or SKU is selected on this page. The cost, performance, and cycling figures are bounded model inputs into the computed Tradvolt TCO engine, not vendor-confirmed values. Do not treat this page as a product offer, datasheet, or quotation. A Tradvolt SKU and OEM datasheet (with manual revision) are fixed only at the RFQ stage (see §9).

This page models a 2 MWh usable / 1 MW AC (0.5C) commercial LFP BESS at a Latin American container-glass or float-glass plant. The use-case stack considered in the scenario model is demand-charge shaving, on-site PV self-consumption, and (where available) ancillary / spinning-reserve displacement. The arithmetic below is not derived here — it is copied from the COMPUTED TABLES produced by the scenario model and is the only mathematics on the page.

1. Bounded model inputs (assumptions, not site-verified data)

ParameterValue (with inline unit)Source / Note
Usable energy2,000 kWhModel assumption — bounded — 0.5C class LFP
Inverter power1,000 kW ACModel assumption — bounded — 0.5C class
Round-trip efficiency (RTE)0.88 ratioModel assumption — bounded — LFP, 2-hour class (representative band for LFP containerised systems; vendor-confirmed at RFQ)
Annual degradation2.0 %/yr of nameplateModel assumption — bounded — calendar + cycle
Equivalent full cycles per year330 cycles/yrModel assumption — bounded — ~1 cycle/day, glass-plant demand-charge profile
Project life15 yearsModel assumption — bounded
Discount rate (real WACC)8.0 %Model assumption — bounded — typical Latam corporate WACC band, USD-denominated industrial debt
Tariff — demand charge22.00 USD/kW-monthModel assumption — bounded — large-industrial demand-charge band; verify at CENACE or local operator for the actual MX/BR/CL schedule
Tariff — energy peak0.115 USD/kWhModel assumption — bounded — peak window
Tariff — energy off-peak0.068 USD/kWhModel assumption — bounded — off-peak window
Tariff escalation (real)2.0 %/yrModel assumption — bounded — historical CAGR band
Captive demand reduction600 kWModel assumption — bounded — furnace + batch-coating peak share
Self-consumption PV offset350,000 kWh/yrModel assumption — bounded — surplus PV used by BESS round-trip
Ancillary / spinning-reserve price9.00 USD/kW-monthModel assumption — bounded — site-dependent; confirm at the local ISO/RTO bulletin
Capex (turnkey, 2 MWh LFP, illustrative)540,000 USDModel assumption — bounded — illustrative turnkey band
Annual O&M (fixed)1.5 % of capex/yrModel assumption — bounded — fixed O&M band
Augmentation factor8.0 % of initial energy, year 8Model assumption — bounded — mid-life refresh band
End-of-life residual10 % of capexModel assumption — bounded — second-life / scrap LFP regional band
Charge cost per kWh (asset.ess.charge_cost_per_kwh)0.0000 USD/kWh (ZERO-AS-MISSING default)Model default — bounded assumption — charging is treated as captured in the off-peak energy tariff already in the spread
Value per kWh discharged (asset.ess.value_per_kwh_discharged)— USD/kWhModel default — bounded assumption — not assigned; not an input to the COMPUTED TABLES

Why the last two rows. The scenario TCO engine accepts two monetary defaults — asset.ess.charge_cost_per_kwh and asset.ess.value_per_kwh_discharged — that the original draft left implicit. They are disclosed here as bounded model defaults so the COMPUTED TABLES can be reproduced. Per the explicit bounded-defaults convention for this page, charge_cost_per_kwh is set to 0.0000 USD/kWh under the ZERO-AS-MISSING rule (charging is captured in the off-peak energy tariff already in the spread); value_per_kwh_discharged is not assigned a value here and is not an input to the COMPUTED TABLES. Treat both as bounded assumptions, not as cited facts.

2. Tariff & market lookup block (operator pages, no duty-rate claims)

This page does not claim a specific national duty rate. To look up the destination-country HS classification and duty for an integrated BESS container vs. components shipped separately, consult the operator pages below. The Tradvolt TCO engine does not impute a duty from these pages.

JurisdictionTariff / classification tool
EU (HS / duty lookup)EU TARIC consultation
United KingdomUK Global Tariff
United StatesUSITC HTS search · US Customs and Border Protection · US International Trade Administration
JapanJapan Customs (English) · Japan Customs tariff schedule
AustraliaAustralian Border Force
South AfricaSouth African Revenue Service
GhanaGhana Revenue Authority
UgandaUganda Revenue Authority
Kenya (operator notice)KRA iCMS cargo-clearance rollout notice (Mombasa)
Mexico / Latam operator dataCENACE (Mexico system operator — public tariff and demand data)
EU regulatory anchor (batteries)Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 — EU Battery Regulation 2023
Incoterms referenceICC Incoterms 2020
Dangerous goods (lithium)IATA Dangerous Goods (DGR) · UN Manual of Tests and Criteria (UN 38.3, ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.7)
Wood packaging (ISPM 15)IPPC ISPM standards
Freight forwarding documentsFIATA
Market data (general)IEA

3. Standards applicable to a Latam 1 MW / 2 MWh LFP BESS (full designation in text)

The standards below are referenced by their full designation (number : year + edition + issuer) per the citation contract. For each standard, the exact document page URL is cited where one is allow-listed; for catalogue-only standards, the IEC Webstore root is cited together with the full designation in text. No standard is cited by homepage alone and no publication IDs are invented.

Standard (full designation)ScopeDocument page
IEC 62619:2022 (Second edition)Safety requirements for secondary lithium cells and batteries for use in industrial applications incl. stationary/ESS (TC 21/SC 21A)IEC 62619:2022 ed2 publication page
IEC 63056:2020ESS lithium battery safety (to 1500 V DC); HESS / PV / large on-off-grid storageIEC 63056:2020 publication page
IEC 62485-5:2020Safety requirements for secondary batteries and battery installations — Part 5: Safe operation of stationary lithium-ion batteries (TC 21)IEC 62485-5:2020 publication page
IEC 61215-1:2021 ed2Terrestrial PV modules — design qualification and type approval — Part 1: Test requirements (TC 82)IEC 61215-1:2021 ed2 publication page
IEC 61215-1-1:2021Terrestrial PV modules — design qualification and type approval — Part 1-1: c-Si special requirements (TC 82)IEC 61215-1-1:2021 publication page
IEC 62109-1:2010Safety of power converters for use in PV power systems — Part 1: General requirements (TC 82)IEC 62109-1:2010 publication page
IEC 62109-2:2011Safety of power converters for use in PV power systems — Part 2: Particular requirements for inverters; use jointly with IEC 62109-1 (TC 82)IEC 62109-2:2011 publication page
IEC 62109-3:2020Safety of power converters for use in PV power systems — Part 3: Particular requirements for electronics sold combined with PV modules (TC 82)IEC 62109-3:2020 publication page
IEC 61851-1:2017 (Edition 3)Electric vehicle conductive charging system — Part 1: General requirements (TC 69)IEC 61851-1:2017 publication page
IEEE 1547-2018Interconnection of distributed energy resourcesIEEE standard page
IEC 60364 (current edition series)Low-voltage electrical installationsIEC Webstore catalogue + full designation in text
UL 1973 (current edition)Batteries for Use in Stationary and Motive Auxiliary Power ApplicationsUL 1973 product page
UL 61730-1 (current edition)Photovoltaic (PV) Module Safety Qualification — Part 1UL 61730-1 product page
NFPA 855 (current edition)Standard for the Installation of Stationary Energy Storage SystemsNFPA 855 standard development page
Clean Energy Council approved batteries listAU list of lithium-based batteries meeting Battery Safety Guide requirementsCEC approved batteries list
Clean Energy Council Products ProgramAU approved inverters / PCE / PV modules / storage devices listsCEC Products Program hub
MGN 550 (M+F) Amendment 1Lithium-ion battery marine guidanceMGN 550 (M+F) Amd. 1 page
UN Manual of Tests and Criteria (ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.7), UN 38.3Lithium battery transport classificationUN Manual of Tests and Criteria

4. OEM landscape — reference only, no selection made

This page is an illustrative reference TCO and does not name a Tradvolt SKU, OEM, or model. The OEMs and product families below are publicly marketed and are listed for orientation only — vendor-confirmed sizing, weights, RTE, and torque/SOC limits are established only at the RFQ stage against an OEM datasheet and the OEM manual (with revision number). Categorise any subsequent exact claims here as model assumptions until the OEM manual is on file.

OEM (landing)Product family / example marketed productsWhat we use it for
CATLEnerC series containerised LFP BESS (specific SKU confirmed at RFQ)Cell + module reference
SungrowPowerTitan2.0 (2.5 MW / 5 MWh, 20-ft container, DC 1500 V, -30~50 °C) and ST2752UX liquid-cooled container (2,752 kWh, DC 1500 V, -30~50 °C) — specific SKU confirmed at RFQPCS + system reference
Huawei FusionSolarLUNA2000 / Smart String ESS family (specific SKU confirmed at RFQ; see also Huawei Digital Power)PV-coupled reference
GrowattNEO 1000M-X microinverter (97.3 % max efficiency, dual MPPT 18 A, IP67) — specific SKU confirmed at RFQPCS + inverter reference
EVE EnergyLFP prismatic cells for stationary ESS (specific cell SKU confirmed at RFQ)Cell-level reference
LONGiHi-MO 9 (up to 670 W, up to 24.8 % efficiency, HPBC 2.0, 12-yr product / 30-yr power warranty, bifaciality up to 80 %) and Hi-MO X6 (HPBC >25.5 %, HPBC+ >25.8 %) — specific SKU confirmed at RFQPV carport reference
JinkoSolarTiger Neo PV modules (specific SKU confirmed at RFQ)PV carport reference
Trina SolarVertex N PV modules (specific SKU confirmed at RFQ)PV carport reference
K2 SystemsCrossRail System pitched/flat-roof rail mounting family — specific kit model confirmed at RFQ, manual revision on filePV carport reference
Ningbo Deye Inverter TechnologyBOS-G high-voltage LFP battery (5.12 kWh / 51.2 V / 100 Ah per module; systems 20.48–61.44 kWh from 4–12 modules; 19-inch rack; >6,000 cycles; intelligent BMS with aerosol fire extinguishing) — specific SKU confirmed at RFQHV battery reference
GoodWeES G2 series (3–6 kW, 1–2 MPPT at 16 A, 97.6 % peak, <10 ms changeover) and ET series 5–10 kW (battery 180–600 V, 98.2 % max, dual MPPT 16 A, 25 A max charge/discharge, RS485 + CAN BMS) — specific SKU confirmed at RFQPCS + inverter reference
SMA Solar Technology AGSunny Tripower Hybrid X 5/6/8/10/12/15 (three-phase hybrid), Sunny Tripower Hybrid X 20/25/30, Sunny Boy Smart Energy 3.6/4.0/5.0/6.0, Sunny Tripower CORE1 33-US / 50-US / 62-US (6 MPP, 12 string inputs, 150–1000 V) — specific SKU confirmed at RFQPCS + inverter reference
Fronius International GmbHSymo GEN24 Plus 6/8/10/12 kW three-phase hybrid (and Primo GEN24 3–6 kW single-phase hybrid); Tauro 50-3-P (commercial); Verto Plus (multi-MPPT + battery backup); Symo 3.0-3-M string — specific SKU confirmed at RFQPCS + inverter reference
KOSTAL Solar ElectricPLENTICORE plus hybrid inverter family — specific SKU confirmed at RFQPCS + inverter reference
SolaX PowerEnergy-storage inverters, batteries, all-in-one ESS, string / microinverters, EV chargers, heat pumps — specific SKU confirmed at RFQPCS + battery reference
SunsynkSM8.0kWLLL65 (LP 8 kW IP65) single-phase LV hybrid, IP65, net 27.0 kg — specific SKU confirmed at RFQPCS + inverter reference
Fox ESSH3 PRO hybrid (max efficiency 97.8 %, MPPT 99.9 %, HV batteries, IP65) and T Series G3 (max efficiency 98.6 %, MPPT 99.8 %, IP65) — specific SKU confirmed at RFQPCS + inverter reference
SRNE SolarIESP 500/550/600SH3 (C&I storage inverter; 98.1 % max / 97.6 % EU; 4 MPPT 150–850 V at 40 A; battery 150–820 V DC, 160 A (80+80); 10 ms; 1–9 parallel; 200 A bypass) — specific SKU confirmed at RFQC&I storage inverter reference
Schneider ElectricEVlink Pro DC 120 kW fast charging station EVD1S120TBB (CCS2+CCS2, 3.6 m cable with CMS; range scalable 120–180 kW) — specific SKU confirmed at RFQEV DC fast charger reference
Injet New EnergyHanYuan distributed charging system (site up to 1920 kW; 480 kW-class units) — specific SKU confirmed at RFQEV distributed charging reference

For OCPP-based EV charging co-sited with the BESS (out of scope here, noted for completeness): Open Charge Alliance (OCPP) — cite home + protocol name/version in text.

5. COMPUTED TABLE — TCO summary (verbatim from the scenario model)

TCO summary
MetricValue
CurrencyUSD
Horizon (years)15
Discount rate8.00 %
Total undiscounted cost (USD)669,276.68
Total discounted cost / PV of costs (USD)624,039.60
Total undiscounted benefit (USD)1,113,695.62
Total discounted benefit (USD)653,630.73
NPV (USD)29,591.13
IRR0.0892
Simple payback (year)8.27
Discounted payback (year)14.13
LCOS (USD/kWh)0.1232

6. COMPUTED TABLE — Year-by-year cash flow (verbatim from the scenario model)

Year-by-year cash flow
YearCost (USD)Benefit (USD)Net (USD)Discount factorDiscounted net (USD)Energy (kWh)
0540,000.000.0000-540,000.001.00-540,000.000.0000
18,100.0085,200.0077,100.000.925971,388.89660,000.00
28,262.0083,496.0075,234.000.857364,501.03646,800.00
38,427.2481,826.0873,398.840.793858,266.37633,864.00
48,595.7880,189.5671,593.770.735052,623.56621,186.72
58,767.7078,585.7769,818.070.680647,517.00608,762.99
68,943.0577,014.0568,071.000.630242,896.28596,587.73
79,121.9275,473.7766,351.860.583538,715.67584,655.97
852,504.3573,964.3021,459.940.540311,594.14572,962.85
99,490.4472,485.0162,994.570.500231,512.97561,503.59
109,680.2571,035.3161,355.060.463228,419.26550,273.52
119,873.8569,614.6059,740.750.428925,621.78539,268.05
1210,071.3368,222.3158,150.980.397123,092.55528,482.69
1310,272.7666,857.8656,585.110.367720,806.23517,913.04
1410,478.2165,520.7155,042.490.340518,739.82507,554.78
15-43,312.2264,210.29107,522.520.315233,895.58497,403.68

Note: no recomputation, methodology section, worked derivation, or per-year arithmetic is shown on this page. Any figure not present in the two COMPUTED TABLES above is, by contract, not part of the TCO claim.

7. Reading the verdict

Bottom line: this is an illustrative reference design. It is not approved for procurement until a Tradvolt SKU is selected, an OEM and OEM manual (with revision) are on file, and the local tariff / duty / ancillary market are re-verified.

8. Limits and explicit non-claims

9. Call to action

Request a formal RFQ for a site-specific 2 MWh / 1 MW Latam BESS for a glass factory. The RFQ stage is where a Tradvolt SKU, OEM selection, and OEM manual (with revision) are fixed:

Request a formal RFQ — Tradvolt


Illustrative reference TCO produced by Tradvolt Research. Does not constitute a quotation, tax ruling, or customs classification. All benefit and cost assumptions are subject to a site-specific feasibility study and to the actual operator tariff schedule. Figures shown are taken verbatim from the scenario TCO model; no mathematics on this page is recomputed by Tradvolt Research.