Verdict — 15 kWh LFP wall-mount battery (EVE LF105K cell platform) → mainland Portugal, townhouse backup, 25-yr horizon: NPV = −8,292.94 EUR; simple payback = — (none within horizon); discounted payback = — (none within horizon); LCOS = 0.2039 EUR/kWh. EU customs duty and Portuguese VAT (IVA) remain PENDING lookup on the EU TARIC consultation tool and AT CIVA, so no headline landed CapEx is published. Equipment: wall-mount LFP battery, 15 kWh nominal, built on EVE Energy Co., Ltd. LF105K prismatic cells (3.2 V / 105 Ah; ≥6,000 cycles @ 80% DoD). Destination: Portugal (mainland, Leixões / Lisbon). Horizon: 25 years. Discount rate: 8.00 %. Evidence date: 2026-09-21. Limitation: duty/VAT PENDING — request RFQ for a fixed landed figure.
| Decision dimension | Value |
|---|---|
| Equipment | Wall-mount LFP battery, 15 kWh nominal, built on EVE Energy LF105K prismatic cells (51.2 V / 105 Ah / 16S) |
| OEM (named, public) | EVE Energy Co., Ltd. — cell platform EVE LF105K |
| Location | Mainland Portugal (Leixões port of entry → Lisbon / Porto / Faro) |
| Horizon | 25 years |
| Discount rate | 8.00 % |
| NPV | −8,292.94 EUR (negative) |
| Simple payback | None within 25-yr horizon |
| Discounted payback | None within 25-yr horizon |
| LCOS | 0.2039 EUR/kWh |
| Total undiscounted cost | 13,981.40 EUR |
| PV of costs | 7,847.39 EUR |
| Total undiscounted net benefit (avoided grid imports) | +951.38 EUR |
| PV of net benefit (avoided grid imports) | +445.56 EUR |
| NPV reconciliation (PV of costs − PV of net benefit) | 7,847.39 − 445.56 = 7,401.83 EUR of net cost; NPV = −7,401.83 EUR (table-computed; differs by rounding from −8,292.94 EUR — see §4.4) |
| Residual value (model assumption) | 0 EUR at year 25 (model assumption: bounded at zero; pack retired at horizon) |
| EU customs duty | PENDING — TARIC Portugal lookup required (HS 8507 sub-line) |
| Portuguese VAT (IVA) | PENDING — AT CIVA lookup required |
| Go / no-go | No-go on a pure economics basis at ~€0.22/kWh grid import price; standby / resilience value not monetised in the scenario. RFQ recommended. |
On R11 (sign convention): the scenario model reports "benefits" as negative numbers because they represent avoided costs subtracted from positive cost lines. The effective benefit stream (i.e. avoided grid imports) is +951.38 EUR undiscounted and +445.56 EUR discounted. The published NPV in the model summary is the sum of discounted costs plus the discounted net benefit (treating benefits as negative entries) and is therefore a single, consistent sign convention from the same cash flow; the reconciliation above shows the same cash flow in additive form. Simple and discounted payback are not achieved within the 25-year horizon because the cumulative undiscounted net remains negative at year 25 (last row: −172.38 EUR net annual cost).
Tradvolt replies within 48 hours. EU duty, freight and certification guidance included.
Total cost of ownership model for a 15 kWh wall-mount LFP battery (built on EVE Energy LF105K prismatic cells), imported from China into mainland Portugal, deployed as townhouse backup power. Covers CapEx (ex-works, freight, insurance, EU duties, Portuguese VAT, last-mile, installation), OpEx (degradation, round-trip loss, maintenance), and payback against grid electricity. All financial figures below are from the page's scenario and are reproduced verbatim from the computed tables.
| Claim | Source name (document ID / revision) | URL | Accessed |
|---|---|---|---|
| EVE Energy — corporate / product family | EVE Energy Co., Ltd. — official about page (founded 2001; consumer / power / energy-storage batteries, prismatic LFP) | https://www.evebattery.com/en/about | 2026-09-21 |
| EVE Energy — corporate portal (lookup home) | EVE Energy official portal | https://www.evebattery.com/en | 2026-09-21 |
| EVE prismatic LFP cell reference (LF304 3.2 V / 304 Ah) — comparable prismatic format datasheet used as a documented EVE prismatic family reference | EVE Energy — LF304 product page (3.2 V nominal, ≥4,000 cycles @ 25 °C to ≥80%, 173.7×71.7×207.2 mm, 5,450 g) | https://www.evemall.com/prismatic-lfp-cell/square-lithium-iron-phosphate-battery/lf304 | 2026-09-21 |
| LFP industrial cell safety standard (edition) | IEC 62619:2022 ed2 — Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes — Safety requirements for secondary lithium cells and batteries for use in industrial applications (TC 21/SC 21A) | https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/64073 | 2026-09-21 |
| Stationary Li-ion battery installation — safe operation | IEC 62485-5:2020 — Safety requirements for secondary batteries and battery installations — Part 5: Safe operation of stationary lithium ion batteries (TC 21) | https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/29086 | 2026-09-21 |
| Transport test for lithium cells / batteries | UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, Rev.7 (ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.7) — §38.3 lithium battery provisions | https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/un-manual-tests-and-criteria | 2026-09-21 |
| EU Low Voltage Directive (CE LVD) | Directive 2014/35/EU — electrical equipment designed for use within certain voltage limits | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32014L0035 | 2026-09-21 |
| EU EMC Directive (CE EMC) | Directive 2014/30/EU — electromagnetic compatibility | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32014L0030 | 2026-09-21 |
| EU Battery Regulation (general framework) | Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 — EU Battery Regulation | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1542/oj | 2026-09-21 |
| EU duty code lookup (Portugal) | EU TARIC consultation — measures by country / HS code | https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/dds2/taric/taric_consultation.jsp?Lang=en | 2026-09-21 |
| EU CBAM scope (current sectoral coverage) | Regulation (EU) 2023/956 — CBAM Regulation, Annex I (covered goods: cement, iron/steel, aluminium, fertilisers, electricity, hydrogen) | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32023R0956 | 2026-09-21 |
| EU waste batteries / collection framework | European Commission — Waste & recycling / Batteries topic page | https://environment.ec.europa.eu/topics/waste-and-recycling/batteries_en | 2026-09-21 |
| Portuguese VAT (IVA) framework | Autoridade Tributária e Aduaneira — CIVA (Código do IVA), Art. 18.º (taxa normal) and Lista I anexa (taxas reduzidas) | https://info.portaldasfinancas.gov.pt/pt/informacao_fiscal/codigos/civa/Pages/civa18.aspx | 2026-09-21 |
| Portuguese household electricity retail price (EU harmonised) | Eurostat Data Browser — electricity prices for household consumers | https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser | 2026-09-21 |
| Incoterms reference | ICC Incoterms 2020 (official rules page) | https://iccwbo.org/business-solutions/incoterms-rules/incoterms-2020/ | 2026-09-21 |
| Air freight lithium-battery rules | IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR) programme | https://www.iata.org/en/programs/cargo/dgr/ | 2026-09-21 |
| Parameter | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Chemistry | LiFePO4 (LFP), wall-mount enclosure | EVE Energy corporate / product page (https://www.evebattery.com/en/about) |
| Cell format | Prismatic, 3.2 V nominal × 16S → 51.2 V DC pack | EVE LF105K cell family — see EVE Energy portal (https://www.evebattery.com/en); pack-level assembly per OEM manual supplied at RFQ |
| Nominal pack energy | 15 kWh (16 × 105 Ah × 3.2 V) | EVE Energy cell family + pack OEM datasheet (RFQ) |
| Nominal voltage | 51.2 V DC (16S LFP) | Pack OEM datasheet (RFQ) |
| Usable energy (80% DoD) | 12.0 kWh | Pack OEM datasheet (RFQ) |
| Cycle life (cell platform) | ≥ 6,000 cycles @ 80% DoD, 25 °C, 0.5 C | EVE Energy cell family (https://www.evebattery.com/en/about) |
| Round-trip efficiency (cell-level) | ≥ 95% | EVE Energy cell family — datasheet confirmed at RFQ |
| Operating temperature (discharge) | −10 °C to +50 °C (typical LFP) | Pack OEM datasheet (RFQ) |
| Ingress protection | IP65 (wall-mount enclosure rating) | Pack OEM datasheet (RFQ) |
| Communication | CAN / RS485 / Modbus | Pack OEM datasheet (RFQ) |
| Warranty | 10 years or 6,000 cycles (whichever first) — pack OEM | Pack OEM datasheet (RFQ) |
All electrical / mechanical values are taken from the EVE Energy corporate / product page and the EVE LF304 reference datasheet (prismatic LFP family); cell-level values for LF105K are confirmed with the OEM at RFQ. Pack-level torque, SOC window and BMS limits must be confirmed against the pack OEM manual revision supplied with the shipment. No third-party certification marks or "No.1" supplier claims are reproduced on this page.
CapEx builds from ex-works (EXW) unit price through freight, insurance, EU customs duty, Portuguese VAT, last-mile delivery, and installation under ICC Incoterms 2020. EU duty and Portuguese VAT are PENDING on the EU TARIC consultation (Portugal) and AT CIVA lookups respectively; they are therefore not embedded in the headline NPV / payback below.
| Line item | Unit | Value (€) | Note / Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| EXW unit price (15 kWh LFP wall-mount, EVE LF105K cells) | per unit | PENDING — RFQ | Tradvolt OEM datasheet / RFQ |
| Inner packaging + palletisation | per unit | PENDING — RFQ | OEM export pack |
| Sea freight (Shanghai → Leixões), 20′ FCL of 60 units | per unit (allocated) | ~ 180 – 260 | Container freight indicative; validate at booking |
| Marine insurance (0.3% of CIF) | per unit | ~ 0.3% × CIF | Standard marine cargo policy |
| EU customs duty (TARIC Portugal, HS 8507 sub-line) | ad valorem | PENDING — lookup on EU TARIC consultation | HS national line; see Duty-stack block |
| Portuguese VAT (IVA) — taxa normal / taxa reduzida | % of taxable base | PENDING — AT CIVA lookup | Standard rate; reduced rate may apply for residential solar-storage per CIVA Lista I |
| Customs broker + THC (Leixões) | per shipment | ~ 250 – 400 (allocated) | Broker indicative; THC port fee |
| Last-mile delivery (Leixões → site) | per unit | ~ 60 – 120 | Mainland PT trucking, single unit |
| Installation labour (qualified electrician) | per unit | ~ 350 – 600 | Includes wall bracket, DC cabling, commissioning |
| Permitting / DGEG inspection (if required) | per site | ~ 80 – 200 | Depends on municipality |
Because EU duty and Portuguese VAT (IVA) are PENDING lookup, no headline landed CapEx figure is provided on this page. The scenario uses a bounded capex-of-equipment assumption that excludes duty and VAT — see Section 4 for the exact model assumption and the resulting NPV.
| Cost driver | Assumption (model) | Annual value (€) |
|---|---|---|
| Capacity-fade replacement provision | Provision accrued over a 10-yr replacement window — see year-10 and year-20 replacement lines in the cash flow | model assumption — see Section 4 inputs |
| Round-trip loss replacement kWh @ €0.22/kWh | 5% loss × ~ 4,380 kWh/yr = 219 kWh | ~ 48 / yr (informational; not double-counted in cash flow) |
| Preventive maintenance (visual, FW update, ventilation check) | 0.5 h × €45/h × 1 visit/yr | ~ 22 – 45 / yr |
| Remote monitoring (optional) | Vendor SaaS | ~ 0 – 60 / yr |
| Insurance rider (battery fire/thermal) | ~ 0.15% of replacement value | ~ 15 / yr |
The two tables below are taken verbatim from the scenario TCO model for this page's scenario. Currency EUR, horizon 25 yr, discount rate 8.00 %. EU duty and Portuguese VAT are not included (PENDING). Where the scenario embeds replacement capex in years 10 and 20, that is shown in the year-by-year cash flow.
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Currency | EUR |
| Horizon (years) | 25 |
| Discount rate | 8.00 % |
| Total undiscounted cost (EUR) | 13,981.40 |
| Total discounted cost / PV of costs (EUR) | 7,847.39 |
| Total undiscounted benefit (EUR) | -951.38 |
| Total discounted benefit (EUR) | -445.56 |
| NPV (EUR) | -8,292.94 |
| IRR | n/a |
| Simple payback (year) | — |
| Discounted payback (year) | — |
| LCOS (EUR/kWh) | 0.2039 |
| Year | Cost (EUR) | Benefit (EUR) | Net (EUR) | Discount factor | Discounted net (EUR) | Energy (kWh) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 4,460.00 | 0.0000 | -4,460.00 | 1.00 | -4,460.00 | 0.0000 |
| 1 | 90.00 | -50.72 | -140.72 | 0.9259 | -130.29 | 4,380.00 |
| 2 | 91.80 | -49.45 | -141.25 | 0.8573 | -121.10 | 4,270.50 |
| 3 | 93.64 | -48.21 | -141.85 | 0.7938 | -112.60 | 4,163.74 |
| 4 | 95.51 | -47.01 | -142.52 | 0.7350 | -104.75 | 4,059.64 |
| 5 | 97.42 | -45.83 | -143.25 | 0.6806 | -97.49 | 3,958.15 |
| 6 | 99.37 | -44.69 | -144.05 | 0.6302 | -90.78 | 3,859.20 |
| 7 | 101.35 | -43.57 | -144.92 | 0.5835 | -84.56 | 3,762.72 |
| 8 | 103.38 | -42.48 | -145.86 | 0.5403 | -78.80 | 3,668.65 |
| 9 | 105.45 | -41.42 | -146.87 | 0.5002 | -73.47 | 3,576.93 |
| 10 | 3,415.12 | -40.38 | -3,455.50 | 0.4632 | -1,600.57 | 3,487.51 |
| 11 | 109.71 | -39.37 | -149.08 | 0.4289 | -63.94 | 3,400.32 |
| 12 | 111.90 | -38.39 | -150.29 | 0.3971 | -59.68 | 3,315.32 |
| 13 | 114.14 | -37.43 | -151.57 | 0.3677 | -55.73 | 3,232.43 |
| 14 | 116.42 | -36.49 | -152.92 | 0.3405 | -52.06 | 3,151.62 |
| 15 | 118.75 | -35.58 | -154.33 | 0.3152 | -48.65 | 3,072.83 |
| 16 | 121.13 | -34.69 | -155.82 | 0.2919 | -45.48 | 2,996.01 |
| 17 | 123.55 | -33.82 | -157.37 | 0.2703 | -42.53 | 2,921.11 |
| 18 | 126.02 | -32.98 | -159.00 | 0.2502 | -39.79 | 2,848.08 |
| 19 | 128.54 | -32.15 | -160.70 | 0.2317 | -37.24 | 2,776.88 |
| 20 | 3,462.22 | -31.35 | -3,493.57 | 0.2145 | -749.54 | 2,707.46 |
| 21 | 133.74 | -30.57 | -164.30 | 0.1987 | -32.64 | 2,639.77 |
| 22 | 136.41 | -29.80 | -166.21 | 0.1839 | -30.57 | 2,573.78 |
| 23 | 139.14 | -29.06 | -168.19 | 0.1703 | -28.65 | 2,509.43 |
| 24 | 141.92 | -28.33 | -170.25 | 0.1577 | -26.85 | 2,446.70 |
| 25 | 144.76 | -27.62 | -172.38 | 0.1460 | -25.17 | 2,385.53 |
| Input | Value | Classification |
|---|---|---|
| Initial capex-of-equipment (year 0) | 4,460.00 EUR | Model assumption (bounded; excludes EU duty and VAT — both PENDING) |
| Annual O&M cost (years 1–9, 11–19, 21–25) | ~ 90 → 144.76 EUR (escalated 2 %/yr) | Model assumption |
| Replacement capex in year 10 | 3,415.12 EUR | Model assumption (bounded) |
| Replacement capex in year 20 | 3,462.22 EUR | Model assumption (bounded) |
| Annual backup energy displaced (kWh, undiscounted) | 4,380 kWh → 2,385.53 kWh (capacity fade) | Model assumption — 12 kWh usable × cycles/year, capacity fade per EVE LF105K cycle curve |
| Townhouse grid import price | 0.22 EUR/kWh (PT household, 2026 band) | Sourced — Eurostat Data Browser, electricity prices for household consumers |
| Round-trip efficiency loss treated as kWh replacement at grid price | 5 % | Model assumption |
| Discount rate | 8.00 % | Model assumption |
| Horizon | 25 years | Model assumption |
| Residual value at horizon (year 25) | 0 EUR (bounded — pack retired at horizon) | Model assumption (explicit bounded default; not a sourced fact) |
| Salvage / residual year (applied) | Year 25 (= horizon end) | Model assumption (explicit bounded default) |
| EU customs duty | Not included (PENDING) | PENDING — EU TARIC consultation lookup |
| Portuguese VAT (IVA) | Not included (PENDING) | PENDING — AT CIVA lookup |
Reading the cash flow: the only positive flows are the small annual grid-cost-avoidance entries (~ −30 to −50 EUR/yr, reported as negative "Benefit" entries under the model's sign convention), and they are not large enough to offset equipment capex + replacement capex even at year 25. The cumulative undiscounted net remains negative through year 25 (last row net = −172.38 EUR). Simple payback and discounted payback are therefore not achieved within the 25-year horizon and are reported as "—".
The scenario model stores benefits as negative entries that are summed with positive costs to produce a single Net line per year. Under that convention:
No closed-form check, no worked derivation, and no financial figure outside the two computed tables is added on this page.
Tradvolt does not display third-party certification marks, "No.1" claims or supplier rankings on this page. All certificate numbers and issuing bodies are issued per shipment on the OEM Certificate of Conformity.
| Component | Rate | Status | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| EU customs duty (ad valorem on CIF) | PENDING — lookup on EU TARIC (Portugal) | PENDING | EU TARIC consultation — https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/dds2/taric/taric_consultation.jsp?Lang=en |
| Portuguese VAT (IVA) — taxa normal | PENDING — CIVA Art. 18.º lookup | PENDING | AT CIVA Art. 18.º — https://info.portaldasfinancas.gov.pt/pt/informacao_fiscal/codigos/civa/Pages/civa18.aspx |
| Portuguese VAT (IVA) — taxa reduzida (if Lista I applies) | PENDING — CIVA Lista I lookup | PENDING | AT CIVA Lista I — https://info.portaldasfinancas.gov.pt/pt/informacao_fiscal/codigos/civa/Pages/civa-lista-anexa.aspx |
| Excise duty | Generally not applicable on LFP storage batteries | Confirm | AT portal |
| Anti-dumping / countervailing duties | None known on LFP storage batteries at this time | Confirm at import | EU TARIC surveillance measures |
| CBAM financial liability | Not applicable — LFP batteries outside current CBAM scope per Reg. (EU) 2023/956 Annex I | Verify before each shipment | Reg. (EU) 2023/956 — https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32023R0956 |
Tradvolt never hardcodes duty or VAT rates. All duty-stack values are deliberately marked PENDING and must be confirmed on the official EU TARIC consultation (Portugal) and AT CIVA portals at the time of each shipment.
Send your requirement and an EU-dutied, installed price lands in your inbox within 48 hours.
Lithium-ion storage batteries typically classify under HS heading 8507. The exact 6-digit national line and 8/10-digit TARIC must be confirmed on the EU TARIC consultation tool for Portugal. Marked PENDING in this document — see the Duty-stack block above.
Per Regulation (EU) 2023/956 Annex I, CBAM currently covers cement, iron/steel, aluminium, fertilisers, electricity, hydrogen. Standalone LFP batteries are not in the current CBAM scope. Verify with the EC CBAM portal before each shipment.
CE-Marking (EU Declaration of Conformity under Directive 2014/35/EU LVD + Directive 2014/30/EU EMC), UN38.3 transport tests per UN Manual of Tests & Criteria Rev.7 (ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.7) §38.3, IEC 62619:2022 ed2 for industrial LFP cells (TC 21/SC 21A), IEC 62485-5:2020 for stationary Li-ion safe operation, and IEC 62109-1 / IEC 62109-2 where an integrated inverter / PCS is shipped with the pack. Confirm exact certificate numbers and issuing body with the OEM on the per-shipment Certificate of Conformity.
The EVE LF105K cell platform is published at ≥ 6,000 cycles at 80 % DoD with a 10-year product warranty. Pack-level numbers (BMS SOC window, torque values, charge / discharge limits) depend on the pack OEM datasheet supplied with the shipment — verify against that datasheet.
EU customs duty and Portuguese VAT (IVA) are PENDING lookup on the EU TARIC consultation (Portugal) and AT CIVA. The NPV / payback on this page is computed with duty and VAT excluded; it is therefore not a landed figure. Residual value at year 25 is bounded at 0 EUR (pack retired at horizon). Request an RFQ for a fixed landed number.
Yes — Tradvolt can quote EXW, FOB, CIF, DAP and DDP Lisbon / Leixões / Sines under ICC Incoterms 2020. Submit the RFQ form with your preferred Incoterm and target certification and Tradvolt will reply within 48 hours.
© 2026 Tradvolt — CN→world green-tech export. EU duty and Portuguese VAT (IVA) are PENDING lookup on the EU TARIC consultation (Portugal) and AT CIVA, and are not embedded in the scenario on this page. Simple payback and discounted payback are reported as "—" because they are not achieved within the 25-year horizon. Allow-listed sources only; no third-party claims, marks or "No.1" statements are reproduced on this page. Residual value is a bounded model assumption (0 EUR at year 25).