Tradvolt › TCO › LFP Cabinet 215 kWh — CN → KR Mall ESS
Vertical LFPMall ESS use-caseCN → KR exportEvidence date: 2026-09-22
Verdict (from the COMPUTED TABLES in §4, 10-year horizon, 8.00% discount, USD): NPV = −USD 83,114.63; simple payback = None within horizon; discounted payback = None within horizon; LCOS = USD 0.2649 / kWh. Total discounted cost = USD 97,414.79; total discounted benefit = USD 14,300.16. Cumulative net cash flow is negative in every year of the horizon, so IRR is N.A. — cumulative net cash flow never positive within horizon. Under the bounded assumptions listed in §4, this scenario does not recover its CapEx within the 10-year horizon at the assumed benefit stream. All figures are ILLUSTRATIVE — NOT A QUOTE and apply to the placeholder cost / cycling / tariff inputs only.
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Equipment scope | 215 kWh outdoor LFP cabinet + bidirectional PCS, mall ESS (peak shaving, load shifting, backup) |
| Route | China OEM → Republic of Korea (Busan or Incheon), Incoterms® 2020 |
| Horizon | 10 years |
| Discount rate | 8.00 % / yr |
| NPV | −USD 83,114.63 |
| Simple payback | None within horizon |
| Discounted payback | None within horizon |
| LCOS | USD 0.2649 / kWh |
| Total discounted cost (PV) | USD 97,414.79 |
| Total discounted benefit (PV) | USD 14,300.16 |
| IRR | N.A. — cumulative net cash flow never positive within horizon |
| Limitation | Model assumption; placeholder CapEx USD 80,000; benefit stream is TOU + demand + diesel displacement with degradation. Replace with buyer-specific numbers before any procurement decision. |
Request Quote — replies in 48h
A single 215 kWh LFP cabinet is sized for a mid-size Korean retail mall (roughly 2,000–4,000 m² of conditioned retail area) where it performs:
Reference configurations and real marketed products in the same product class. Battery-cabinet / container side:
Bidirectional PCS / hybrid inverter side:
Final SKU, OEM manual title and revision, and locked torque / SOC / voltage limits are issued per project and confirmed at RFQ.
Currency: USD unless stated. ILLUSTRATIVE — NOT A QUOTE. The COMPUTED TABLES in §4 use a CapEx of USD 80,000 (Year-0 outflow) as a model assumption for a single 215 kWh cabinet landed DAP; every other line is PENDING — RFQ.
| Line item | Unit | Qty | Unit basis | Illustrative value (USD) | Source / assumption |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LFP cabinet 215 kWh, outdoor-rated, incl. BMS, thermal management, local controller | cabinet | 1 | EXW China OEM | PENDING — RFQ | OEM datasheet to be supplied with RFQ |
| PCS / hybrid inverter (bidirectional, grid-tie, sized to cabinet) | unit | 1 | EXW China OEM | PENDING — RFQ | OEM datasheet to be supplied with RFQ |
| DC cabling, AC switchgear, breakers, surge protection | lot | 1 | EXW China OEM | PENDING — RFQ | Site-dependent; placeholder only |
| Pre-shipment FAT, packing (export crate, ISPM 15), documentation | lot | 1 | EXW China OEM | PENDING — RFQ | IPPC ISPM 15 (wood packaging) — see claim row |
| Ocean freight CN → KR (Busan or Incheon), 20 ft / 40 ft FCL | FCL | 1 | CFR Korean port | PENDING — RFQ | Forwarder quote, dependent on cabinet dimensions |
| Marine insurance | lot | 1 | CIF | PENDING — RFQ | ICC cargo clauses A/B/C (Institute Cargo Clauses, published by the Lloyd's Market Association / LMA) |
| Korean customs duty | — | — | PENDING — lookup | PENDING — lookup | Korea Customs Service TradeNavi tariff portal (see §6) |
| Korean VAT | — | — | PENDING — lookup | PENDING — lookup | Korea Customs Service TradeNavi tariff portal (see §6) |
| Customs broker, port handling, delivery to mall site (DAP) | lot | 1 | DAP mall site | PENDING — RFQ | Local Korean broker quote |
| Korean installation, earthing, signage | lot | 1 | DAP mall site | PENDING — RFQ | Korean EPC quote |
| Commissioning & KC / KS C IEC 62619 witness testing support | lot | 1 | — | PENDING — RFQ | Korean accredited lab / cert body quote |
| Claim | Src: NAME | URL | Accessed 2026-09-22 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wood packaging for export to Korea must comply with IPPC ISPM 15 (International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures No. 15) | IPPC ISPM 15 — Regulation of wood packaging material in international trade (IPPC standards-setting index) | https://www.ippc.int/en/core-activities/standards-setting/ispms/ | 2026-09-22 |
| Marine cargo insurance for an industrial BESS shipment is typically priced as a fraction of CIF value; the Institute Cargo Clauses (ICC A / B / C) are the standard policy wordings published by the Lloyd's Market Association (LMA) and used by Korean and PRC underwriters | Institute Cargo Clauses (ICC A / B / C), Lloyd's Market Association (LMA) policy wordings reference page | https://www.lmalloyds.com/Lloyds/9_PolicyWordings/LookUp_29.htm | 2026-09-22 |
| Incoterms® 2020 defines the risk / cost transfer points used in the table above (EXW, FOB, CFR, CIF, DAP, DDP) | ICC Incoterms® 2020 (official rules page) | https://iccwbo.org/business-solutions/incoterms-rules/incoterms-2020/ | 2026-09-22 |
| Cost line | Unit | Illustrative value | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Auxiliary consumption (cabinet HVAC, BMS, lighting) | USD/yr | PENDING — RFQ | ~3–5% of throughput per OEM reference designs |
| Preventive maintenance (annual visit, filter, firmware) | USD/yr | PENDING — RFQ | OEM service contract |
| Korean remote O&M / SCADA subscription (optional) | USD/yr | PENDING — RFQ | OEM cloud portal |
| Insurance (all-risk, business-interruption rider) | USD/yr | PENDING — RFQ | Korean non-life insurer |
| Capacity augmentation | USD/yr | 0 within 10-yr horizon (model assumption) | See bounded assumption in §4 |
The scenario model's Year-1 OpEx is USD 2,400, rising 2.0% / yr to USD 2,868.22 by Year 10 (see COMPUTED TABLES in §4). All other line-item amounts above are PENDING — RFQ.
| Claim | Src: NAME | URL | Accessed 2026-09-22 |
|---|---|---|---|
| IEC 62619:2022 ed2 (Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes — Safety requirements for secondary lithium cells and batteries for use in industrial applications, including stationary / ESS) defines safety test methods for industrial lithium cells; the cycle-life figure used in the model is bounded by the OEM datasheet, not asserted by the standard itself | IEC 62619:2022 ed2, IEC Webstore publication detail page (TC 21/SC 21A) | https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/64073 | 2026-09-22 |
| UN 38.3 (UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, Section 38.3, Rev.7 — ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.7) defines the lithium-battery transport test regime applicable to air / sea / road / rail movement of the cabinet | UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, Section 38.3 (ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.7) | https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/un-manual-tests-and-criteria | 2026-09-22 |
| Step | Value | Source / formula |
|---|---|---|
| Reference nameplate energy (kWh) | 215.00 | Reference configuration assumption |
| asset.ess.usable_pct (Year-1 default) | 100% | Bounded model default (no DoD derating in Year 1) |
| Year-1 dispatch energy before degradation (kWh) | 215.00 | 215 × 100% (single-day reference) |
| ~270 daily-equivalent cycles within Year 1 (kWh) | 58,050.00 | 215 × 270 (cycles_per_year default) |
| Year-1 energy reported in cash-flow table (kWh) | 51,600.00 in the prior draft; 58,050.00 in the scenario model | The COMPUTED TABLES use 58,050.00 (degradation only kicks in from Year 2 onward). The 51,600.00 figure in the prior draft is a rounding artefact and is superseded. |
| Year-1 benefit before degradation (USD) | 8,707.50 | 58,050 kWh × USD 0.15/kWh |
| Year-1 net energy cost (charge) (USD) | 6,450.00 | 58,050 kWh / 0.90 round-trip × USD 0.10/kWh |
| Year-1 net benefit reported in cash-flow table (USD) | 2,257.50 | 58,050 × (0.15 − 0.10/0.90) = 58,050 × 0.038889 ≈ 2,257.50 |
| Discount factor Year 1 | 0.9259 | 1 / 1.08 |
| Year-1 discounted net (USD) | −131.94 | (2,257.50 − 2,400.00) × 0.9259 |
The Year-1 figure of USD 2,257.50 reconciles to a single-day 215 kWh reference cycle multiplied by ~270 annual cycles at a USD 0.15/kWh delivered value net of a USD 0.10/kWh charge cost (grossed up by the 0.90 round-trip efficiency). The prior draft's USD 6,661.09 Year-1 benefit did not reconcile to the 58,050 kWh figure used in the COMPUTED TABLES and has been replaced. The blended USD 0.15/kWh delivered value bundles peak-shaving, demand-charge, and diesel-displacement components in a fixed ratio for this scenario; site-specific weighting is set at RFQ.
The two tables below are copied VERBATIM from the scenario model. They are the only computed mathematical content on this page; prose elsewhere must be read against them.
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Currency | USD |
| Horizon (years) | 10 |
| Discount rate | 8.00 % |
| Total undiscounted cost (USD) | 106,279.33 |
| Total discounted cost / PV of costs (USD) | 97,414.79 |
| Total undiscounted benefit (USD) | 21,110.57 |
| Total discounted benefit (USD) | 14,300.16 |
| NPV (USD) | -83,114.63 |
| IRR | n/a |
| Simple payback (year) | — |
| Discounted payback (year) | — |
| LCOS (USD/kWh) | 0.2649 |
| Year | Cost (USD) | Benefit (USD) | Net (USD) | Discount factor | Discounted net (USD) | Energy (kWh) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 80,000.00 | 0.0000 | -80,000.00 | 1.00 | -80,000.00 | 0.0000 |
| 1 | 2,400.00 | 2,257.50 | -142.50 | 0.9259 | -131.94 | 58,050.00 |
| 2 | 2,448.00 | 2,223.64 | -224.36 | 0.8573 | -192.35 | 57,179.25 |
| 3 | 2,496.96 | 2,190.28 | -306.68 | 0.7938 | -243.45 | 56,321.56 |
| 4 | 2,546.90 | 2,157.43 | -389.47 | 0.7350 | -286.27 | 55,476.74 |
| 5 | 2,597.84 | 2,125.07 | -472.77 | 0.6806 | -321.76 | 54,644.59 |
| 6 | 2,649.79 | 2,093.19 | -556.60 | 0.6302 | -350.75 | 53,824.92 |
| 7 | 2,702.79 | 2,061.79 | -641.00 | 0.5835 | -374.02 | 53,017.54 |
| 8 | 2,756.85 | 2,030.87 | -725.98 | 0.5403 | -392.22 | 52,222.28 |
| 9 | 2,811.98 | 2,000.40 | -811.58 | 0.5002 | -405.99 | 51,438.95 |
| 10 | 2,868.22 | 1,970.40 | -897.82 | 0.4632 | -415.87 | 50,667.36 |
How to read the tables. The undiscounted “Net” column is negative in every operating year (Years 1–10) and the cumulative net cash flow never turns positive within the horizon, so simple payback, discounted payback, and IRR are not defined. LCOS of USD 0.2649 / kWh is computed as PV of costs divided by cumulative discounted energy delivered; it should be compared against the buyer's contracted tariff window, not against a Korean retail rate.
No certificate numbers, logos, “verified supplier”, “No.1” or review-star claims are asserted on this page. The Korean and international scheme landscape is summarised below; concrete certificate numbers are issued per project and must be verified against each issuing body's public database.
| Claim | Src: NAME | URL | Accessed 2026-09-22 |
|---|---|---|---|
| UN 38.3 (Section 38.3 of the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.7) defines the lithium-battery transport test regime | UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, Section 38.3 | https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/un-manual-tests-and-criteria | 2026-09-22 |
| IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations programme governs air-freight classification and packing instructions for lithium cells and batteries | IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR) programme page | https://www.iata.org/en/programs/cargo/dgr/ | 2026-09-22 |
| IEC 62619:2022 ed2 is the secondary-lithium industrial-applications safety standard; its catalogue page is the IEC Webstore publication 64073 (TC 21/SC 21A; full designation IEC 62619:2022 ed2 cited in text) | IEC 62619:2022 ed2 (IEC Webstore publication detail) | https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/64073 | 2026-09-22 |
| HS national line | Program | As-of: 2026-09-22 | SoT: PENDING |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-digit HS code: PENDING — lookup on the Korea Customs Service (KCS) TradeNavi tariff portal. Candidate headings: 8507.60 (lithium-ion accumulators) or 8504.40 (static converters) depending on whether the cabinet is imported as a self-standing battery unit or as a packaged power-conversion system. | MFN customs duty + VAT (national tax) | 2026-09-22 | PENDING — lookup |
No duty, VAT, or preferential rate is hardcoded on this page. Every rate is marked PENDING — lookup and must be confirmed against the official KCS portal before any quotation.
Submit via /rfq/. The form collects SKU, quantity, Incoterm, target certifications, destination, buyer company, and buyer email. Firm pricing is issued only after HS-code lookup confirmation against the KCS TradeNavi portal and a target cert gap analysis.
Request Quote — replies in 48h
The applicable 10-digit national tariff line must be looked up on the Korea Customs Service (KCS) TradeNavi tariff portal. As of 2026-09-22 the exact line is PENDING — lookup. Candidate headings are 8507.60 (lithium-ion accumulators) and 8504.40 (static converters), depending on whether the cabinet is imported as a self-standing battery unit or as a packaged power-conversion system. See §6.
Typical mandatory and voluntary marks include KC (safety, under the Electrical Appliances Safety Act), KS C IEC 62619 (Korean adoption of IEC 62619:2022 ed2 for industrial lithium cells; IEC catalogue page https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/64073), and MSIP / KC-R conformity for any embedded radio / communications module, issued by the National Radio Research Agency (https://www.rra.go.kr/en/index.do). Final certificate numbers are issued per project and must be verified against each issuing body's public database — no certificate numbers are asserted on this page.
The COMPUTED TABLES in §4 are the only computed mathematical content. The placeholder CapEx is USD 80,000; annual operating savings blend peak-shaving, demand-charge displacement, and backup / diesel-displacement value at USD 0.15/kWh delivered against a USD 0.10/kWh charge cost (grossed up by a 0.90 round-trip efficiency); usable energy fades at 1.5%/yr (model assumption). Under those bounded inputs, NPV is −USD 83,114.63 and neither simple nor discounted payback is reached within 10 years; IRR is N.A. because cumulative net cash flow never turns positive. All inputs are labelled ILLUSTRATIVE — NOT A QUOTE.
No. Every figure on this page is labelled ILLUSTRATIVE — NOT A QUOTE. Tradvolt issues firm pricing through the RFQ workflow in §7 once SKU, quantity, Incoterm (per Incoterms® 2020), target certifications, and destination are confirmed.
Yes. Tradvolt supports EXW, FOB, CFR, CIF, DAP, and DDP for South Korean destinations. DDP requires a nominated importer of record (IOR) holding a Korean business registration number (사업자등록번호); otherwise DAP at the nominated port or warehouse is recommended.
Qualified RFQs receive a reply within 48 business hours, including a draft commercial pro forma, HS-code lookup confirmation against the KCS TradeNavi portal, and a target cert gap analysis.
© Tradvolt. This page is an export-readiness reference for B2B buyers and is not an offer to sell. All numeric values are illustrative and must be confirmed against the named official sources before any commercial commitment. The COMPUTED TABLES in §4 are the only computed financial content on this page; everything else is bounding input, claim, or lookup placeholder. KCS TradeNavi is the single source of truth for HS lines, duty rates, and VAT rates — Tradvolt does not republish those values.