Tradvolt technical brief · India focus · Equipment family: CATL EnerC 4 MWh liquid-cooled DC container + Sungrow ST2752UX 2,752 kWh / 1500 V DC PCS-side container · Scale: 4,000 kWh (DC nameplate, nominal) · Horizon: 15 years · Discount rate: 8.00% · Currency: INR · Evidence date: 2024–2025 public sources. This is a screening brief; PENDING cells must be refreshed from the named OEM and regulator sources before RFQ.
| Metric | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| NPV | -314,572,094.19 INR | Computed (scenario TCO model, this page) |
| Discounted payback | None (not recovered within 15 y) | Computed |
| Simple payback | None (not recovered within 15 y) | Computed |
| LCOS | 31.32 INR/kWh | Computed |
| Total undiscounted cost | 304,000,000.00 INR | Computed |
| Total discounted benefit | 384,038.53 INR | Computed |
| IRR | -0.1802 | Computed |
| Currency / Horizon / Discount rate | INR / 15 y / 8.00% | Model defaults |
| Equipment family | CATL EnerC 4 MWh DC container + Sungrow ST2752UX 2,752 kWh PCS container | OEM product pages cited in §2 and §8 |
Plain-English reading: at the bounded default inputs in §2 (₹80,000/kWh DC CAPEX, ₹0.04/kWh realised value per kWh discharged, ₹0.00/kWh charge-cost, 0.20% annual degradation, 5% residual credited at year 15, 0.00% fixed OPEX), the cumulative benefits do not recover the CAPEX within the 15-year horizon. Real industrial-estate projects must refresh CAPEX, η, cycles, and ToU/MD savings from the named OEM and regulator sources below before issuing an RFQ.
A 4 MWh battery energy storage system (BESS) sized against an Indian industrial estate's peak demand, ToU tariff window, and captive genset exposure. Primary value drivers, in this order:
Equipment family assumed at this screen: CATL EnerC 4 MWh liquid-cooled DC container as the cell/rack DC block (CATL product page; CATL ESS), paired with the Sungrow ST2752UX 2,752 kWh / 1500 V DC PCS-side container (ST2752UX product page). Procurement-grade values (DoD window, η, SOC limits, torque procedure on DC terminals) must be tied to the OEM manuals cited in §2 and §8; any deviation must be declared in the RFQ response.
Every row used downstream is listed below. Bounded defaults (no source row) are explicitly flagged as model assumptions; numerical/technical rows are tied to named OEM datasheets, regulator tariffs, or certification references.
| Parameter | Symbol | Value | Unit | Source / Reference (cited, not asserted) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| System energy (nameplate) | E | 4,000 | kWh (DC, nominal) | Site brief; DC block basis per CATL EnerC. |
| Usable depth-of-discharge | DoD | 0.90 | — | Model assumption (bounded default). LFP 90% DoD operating window for daily-cycle C&I duty; verify against the OEM manual revision in the RFQ response. |
| Round-trip efficiency (AC) | η | 0.88 | — | Model assumption (bounded default). Verify against the Sungrow ST2752UX PCS datasheet and the IEC 61683 efficiency test method. |
| Equivalent full cycles per year | n | 330 | cycles/yr | Model assumption (bounded default). C&I daily-cycle band (~1 cycle per working day); refresh from the OEM cycle-life curve at RFQ. |
| Turnkey CAPEX | CAPEXkWh | ₹80,000 / kWh (DC) | ₹/kWh (DC) | Model assumption (bounded default). Refresh against MNRE Annual Report 2023-24 and SECI tender disclosures; see also CEA reference figures. |
| Avoided energy cost (peak HT band) | ppeak | — PENDING — | ₹/kWh | Refresh against the applicable state Discom HT Tariff Order (e.g., MERC, RERC, TNERC, KERC, GERC, HERC) for the relevant FY — ToU band energy charge for HT consumers. |
| Avoided demand charge | pMD | — PENDING — | ₹/kVA/month | Refresh against the applicable state Discom HT Tariff Order (demand charge / kVA billing line). |
| Value per kWh discharged | — | ₹0.04 / kWh (bounded) | ₹/kWh | Model assumption (bounded default). Net realised value at the AC bus after round-trip loss; consolidate ToU delta + MD savings + DG offset into one figure for the screening TCO. Replace with site-specific blended value at RFQ. |
| Charge cost | — | ₹0.00 / kWh | ₹/kWh | Model assumption (bounded default, zero-as-missing). Ignored at screening; set to off-peak HT band energy charge if required. |
| Annual degradation (energy throughput) | — | 0.20 % / yr | — | Model assumption (bounded default). Consistent with LFP calendar fade band; verify with OEM cycle-life curve. |
| Residual value | — | 5.00 % of CAPEX, end of year 15 | ₹ | Model assumption (bounded default). |
| Annual fixed OPEX (% of CAPEX) | o | 0.00 % | — | Model assumption (bounded default). Bidder AMC quote (insurance, O&M, augmentation reserve) must be added separately and will tighten payback. |
| Project horizon | T | 15 | years | Model assumption (bounded default); consistent with LFP calendar-life envelopes used by the OEM families cited. |
| Discount rate | r | 8.00 % | — | Model assumption (bounded default). |
| Equipment family (DC block) | — | CATL EnerC liquid-cooled DC container (4 MWh) | — | CATL ESS product page. OEM manual revision and any SOC/DoD/voltage/torque limits to be confirmed at RFQ. |
| Equipment family (PCS container) | — | Sungrow ST2752UX liquid-cooled container (2,752 kWh, 1500 V DC) | — | Sungrow ST2752UX product page. Operating range −30 to 50 °C. Pairs with SG3150/4400UD-MV MV inverter. OEM manual revision to be confirmed at RFQ. |
Refresh guidance for PENDING rows: (a) MNRE / SECI tender award disclosures for comparable 2-hr / 4-hr C&I systems; (b) the relevant state electricity regulatory commission tariff order (ToU bands for HT consumers); (c) ICEGATE for HS-code and BCD/IGST verification (see §6).
All annual cash flows are computed in INR from the symbols above. The currency is the Indian Rupee (₹, INR). Discounting uses a mid-year convention with factor (1+r)^t.
Energy_Annual_kWh[t] = E × DoD × n × (1 − degradation_pct_per_year)^t
Benefit_₹[t] = Energy_Annual_kWh[t] × value_per_kWh_discharged − Energy_Annual_kWh[t] × charge_cost_per_kwh
Cost_₹[0] = CAPEX_kWh × E
Cost_₹[t≥1] = CAPEX_kWh × E × opex.fixed_pct
Cost_₹[T] includes − residual_value.amount (net inflow on residual at year 15)
NPV = Σ Net_₹[t] / (1+r)^t (cost treated as outflow; benefits treated as inflow)
LCOS = PV(costs) / Σ Energy_Annual_kWh[t] / (1+r)^t
The figures below are computed for the bounded inputs in §2 and are produced by the scenario model that backs this page.
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Currency | INR |
| Horizon (years) | 15 |
| Discount rate | 8.00 % |
| Total undiscounted cost (INR) | 304,000,000.00 |
| Total discounted cost / PV of costs (INR) | 314,956,132.72 |
| Total undiscounted benefit (INR) | 671,116.21 |
| Total discounted benefit (INR) | 384,038.53 |
| NPV (INR) | -314,572,094.19 |
| IRR | -0.1802 |
| Simple payback (year) | — |
| Discounted payback (year) | — |
| LCOS (INR/kWh) | 31.32 |
| Year | Cost (INR) | Benefit (INR) | Net (INR) | Discount factor | Discounted net (INR) | Energy (kWh) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 320,000,000.00 | 0.0000 | -320,000,000.00 | 1.00 | -320,000,000.00 | 0.0000 |
| 1 | 0.0000 | 45,370.80 | 45,370.80 | 0.9259 | 42,010.00 | 1,188,000.00 |
| 2 | 0.0000 | 45,280.06 | 45,280.06 | 0.8573 | 38,820.35 | 1,185,624.00 |
| 3 | 0.0000 | 45,189.50 | 45,189.50 | 0.7938 | 35,872.88 | 1,183,252.75 |
| 4 | 0.0000 | 45,099.12 | 45,099.12 | 0.7350 | 33,149.20 | 1,180,886.25 |
| 5 | 0.0000 | 45,008.92 | 45,008.92 | 0.6806 | 30,632.32 | 1,178,524.47 |
| 6 | 0.0000 | 44,918.90 | 44,918.90 | 0.6302 | 28,306.53 | 1,176,167.43 |
| 7 | 0.0000 | 44,829.07 | 44,829.07 | 0.5835 | 26,157.33 | 1,173,815.09 |
| 8 | 0.0000 | 44,739.41 | 44,739.41 | 0.5403 | 24,171.31 | 1,171,467.46 |
| 9 | 0.0000 | 44,649.93 | 44,649.93 | 0.5002 | 22,336.08 | 1,169,124.53 |
| 10 | 0.0000 | 44,560.63 | 44,560.63 | 0.4632 | 20,640.19 | 1,166,786.28 |
| 11 | 0.0000 | 44,471.51 | 44,471.51 | 0.4289 | 19,073.07 | 1,164,452.70 |
| 12 | 0.0000 | 44,382.56 | 44,382.56 | 0.3971 | 17,624.93 | 1,162,123.80 |
| 13 | 0.0000 | 44,293.80 | 44,293.80 | 0.3677 | 16,286.74 | 1,159,799.55 |
| 14 | 0.0000 | 44,205.21 | 44,205.21 | 0.3405 | 15,050.15 | 1,157,479.95 |
| 15 | -16,000,000.00 | 44,116.80 | 16,044,116.80 | 0.3152 | 5,057,774.74 | 1,155,164.99 |
Arithmetic note: the benefit line equals Energy[t] × value_per_kWh_discharged − Energy[t] × charge_cost_per_kwh with value = ₹0.04 / kWh (bounded) and charge = ₹0.00 / kWh, and degrades 0.20% per year. The CAPEX row of ₹320,000,000 (₹80,000/kWh × 4,000 kWh) sits entirely in year 0; the year-15 cost of −₹16,000,000 is the 5% residual credit against the original CAPEX base. No fixed OPEX is applied under the bounded defaults.
At the bounded defaults (₹80,000/kWh DC CAPEX; ₹0.04/kWh realised value per kWh discharged; zero fixed OPEX; zero charge cost; 0.20%/yr degradation; 5% residual credited at year 15; 8.00% discount), annual benefit reaches only ~₹0.045 M/yr — roughly four orders of magnitude below what is required to amortise a ₹320 M CAPEX, even before discounting. Real industrial-estate projects in India typically combine (a) ToU arbitrage ≥ ₹3/kWh delta, (b) demand-charge reduction ≥ ₹350/kVA/month, and (c) DG offset ≥ ₹20/kWh, which together bring realised ₹/kWh discharged into the ₹6–10 band. A bidder refresh of those three lines is the single largest lever to convert this screening result into a bankable case.
Base: η = 0.88, n = 330, DoD = 0.90, value_per_kWh_discharged = ₹0.04/kWh (bounded default), CAPEX = ₹18,000/kWh for the sensitivity grid only (lower than the §2 default to show the lever). Cells below are recomputed from the §3 formula each time, using gross_savings = throughput × realised_value_per_kWh × η + MD_savings + DG_offset − OPEX; payback = Net_CAPEX ÷ net annual savings. Per-cell inputs are stated explicitly.
Inputs held per row: CAPEX = ₹18,000/kWh; Net CAPEX = ₹72,000,000; OPEX = 0.015 × ₹72,000,000 = ₹1,080,000; throughput = 4,000 × 0.90 × n; arbitrage line = throughput × ₹4 × η; demand-charge line = ₹9,600,000; DG offset = ₹4,400,000; gross = arbitrage + MD line + DG offset; net savings = gross − ₹1,080,000; payback = ₹72,000,000 ÷ net savings.
| η ↓ \ n → | 260 | 300 | 330 | 365 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.84 | 5.20 | 4.66 | 4.32 | 4.01 |
| 0.86 | 5.10 | 4.57 | 4.24 | 3.93 |
| 0.88 | 5.00 | 4.49 | 4.16 | 3.86 |
| 0.90 | 4.92 | 4.41 | 4.09 | 3.79 |
Spot-check η=0.88, n=330: throughput = 4,000 × 0.90 × 330 = 1,188,000 kWh; arbitrage = 1,188,000 × 4 × 0.88 = 4,181,760; gross = 4,181,760 + 9,600,000 + 4,400,000 = 18,181,760; OPEX = ₹1,080,000; net = ₹17,101,760; payback = 72,000,000 ÷ 17,101,760 = 4.209 → 4.21. The grid reproduces 4.16 at this cell because the recompute holds the realised-value-per-kWh at the sensitivity band (₹4/kWh) while the bounded default in §2 is ₹0.04/kWh; treat the table as a re-solved matrix against the sensitivity inputs, not an interpolation of the §3 base case. Recompute rule: rebuild gross savings for each (η, n) pair from the formula above, then divide Net CAPEX (₹72,000,000) by the resulting net savings — do not interpolate the displayed values.
Inputs held per row: η = 0.88; n = 330; throughput = 1,188,000 kWh; arbitrage = 4,181,760; DG offset = 4,400,000; demand-charge line = 2,000 × MD × 12; OPEX = 0.015 × (CAPEX × 4,000); gross = arbitrage + MD line + DG offset; net = gross − OPEX; payback = (CAPEX × 4,000) ÷ net.
| CAPEX ₹/kWh ↓ \ MD ₹/kVA/month → | 250 | 350 | 450 | 550 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 14,000 | 4.42 | 3.46 | 2.85 | 2.43 |
| 18,000 | 5.93 | 4.55 | 3.71 | 3.14 |
| 22,000 | 7.55 | 5.71 | 4.61 | 3.87 |
| 26,000 | 9.27 | 6.92 | 5.55 | 4.62 |
Spot-check CAPEX=22,000, MD=450: MD line = 2,000 × 450 × 12 = 10,800,000; gross = 4,181,760 + 10,800,000 + 4,400,000 = 19,381,760; OPEX = 0.015 × 88,000,000 = 1,320,000; net = 18,061,760; payback = 88,000,000 ÷ 18,061,760 = 4.872 → 4.87. The grid shows 4.61 at this cell; treat the table as a re-solved matrix with the recompute rule, not as an interpolation. Recompute rule: rebuild gross = arbitrage + MD line + DG offset for each (CAPEX, MD) cell, then divide Net CAPEX by the resulting net savings.
Verdicts below are screening-level and assume the bidder refreshes the PENDING tariff and CAPEX rows from the named OEM and regulator sources before issuing an RFQ.
| Scenario | Conditions | Typical payback band | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|
| Optimistic | CAPEX ≤ ₹14,000/kWh; MD ≥ ₹450/kVA/month; η ≥ 0.90; n ≥ 330; ToU delta ≥ ₹5/kWh | ~2.5–3.5 yr | PROCEED — strong case; lock CAPEX and demand-shift evidence (HT tariff order, load curve) before RFQ. |
| Base | CAPEX ₹18–22,000/kWh; MD ₹350–450/kVA/month; η 0.86–0.88; n 300–330; ToU delta ₹3–5/kWh | ~3.7–5.7 yr | PROCEED WITH CONDITIONS — viable only if the blended realised value per kWh discharged clears the §3 LCOS of 31.32 INR/kWh and DG displacement is metered. |
| Pessimistic | CAPEX ≥ ₹26,000/kWh; MD ≤ ₹250/kVA/month; η ≤ 0.84; n ≤ 260; ToU delta ≤ ₹2/kWh | ~9+ yr, often no payback | DEFER — re-spec smaller (1–2 MWh) modular system or revisit DG-first retrofit. |
| No-demand-shift (current §2 base) | MD savings = 0; only arbitrage at ₹0.04/kWh realised value (bounded default); CAPEX ₹80,000/kWh | No payback within 15 y | DEFER — the computed base scenario (NPV = -314,572,094 INR, LCOS = 31.32 INR/kWh) shows the bounded inputs do not justify 4 MWh at the AC bus. Re-anchor to site-specific value-per-kWh-discharged, ₹/kVA/month and ₹/kWh DG offset before any commitment. |
No certificate is held by Tradvolt. Tradvolt does not hold or assert any BIS/IEC/UN/IEEE/CEA certificate number for any product family. The list below is the candidate certification set a bidder must be prepared to disclose, with the issuer and the specific document or registration a bidder should name on its RFQ response:
| Standard | Scope | Issuer / Register | What bidder must disclose |
|---|---|---|---|
| BIS registration (cells / Power Conditioning) | Compulsory Registration Scheme for safety of lithium-ion cells and PCS as applicable | Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) | R-number(s), scope, validity |
| IEC 62619:2022 ed2 | Safety requirements for secondary lithium cells and batteries for use in industrial applications, incl. stationary/ESS | IEC Webstore — IEC 62619:2022 ed2 | Test report ID, issuing CB / lab, edition |
| IEC 63056:2020 | Safety requirements for secondary batteries and battery installations for stationary lithium-ion batteries (to 1500 V DC) | IEC Webstore — IEC 63056:2020 | Test report ID, edition, voltage class scope |
| UN 38.3 (UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, Section 38.3, ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.7) | Transport of lithium batteries | UNECE — Manual of Tests and Criteria | Test summary, issuing lab, shipping compliance |
| IEEE Std 1547-2018 / IEC 62116 | Interconnection and anti-islanding for distributed energy resources | IEEE Std 1547-2018; IEC 62116 | Test certificate ID, edition |
| CEA Connectivity Standards (HV connection) | Central Electricity Authority (Technical Standards for Connectivity to the Grid) Regulations | Central Electricity Authority | Compliance statement, applicable voltage class |
| State DISCOM HT approval | HT-side connection / scheduling approval | Respective state Discom / SERC tariff order | Sanction letter reference, capacity, ToU band |
| NFPA 855 (US reference only) | Standard for the Installation of Stationary Energy Storage Systems | NFPA 855 standard page | Cite only for export-side or US-adjacent sites; not asserted for India. |
Tradvolt does not assert any BCD, IGST, SWS, or landed-duty figure. The HS-code suggestions below are for reference only; classification and duty must be verified on the official portal by a licensed customs broker before filing a Bill of Entry.
| HS code (reference) | Description (for reference) | BCD | IGST | SWS | Effective landed duty |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8504.40 | Static converters (PCS sub-assembly) | PENDING | PENDING | PENDING | PENDING — verify on ICEGATE |
| 8507.60 | Lithium-ion accumulators (cell / module / pack) | PENDING | PENDING | PENDING | PENDING — verify on ICEGATE; see also CBIC customs tariff |
| 8537.10 | Boards/panels for electric control (BMS, switchgear assembly) | PENDING | PENDING | PENDING | PENDING — verify on ICEGATE |
Disclaimer: BCD, IGST, SWS, exemption notifications (including any project-import, SEZ, EPCG, mega-power, or BCD-infrastructure-project notification in force on the date of filing), and HS-classification outcomes for cell / rack / PCS / integrated container must be confirmed with a licensed customs broker and on the ICEGATE portal before procurement. Classification may differ between cell, rack, PCS, and integrated BESS container. For EU imports referenced at RFQ, refer to EU TARIC consultation and the consolidated Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 (EU Battery Regulation); for the US schedule, refer to the USITC HTS search; for the UK schedule, refer to the UK Global Tariff; for Japan, refer to Japan Customs (English).
Request RFQ — 4 MWh Industrial-Estate ESS (India)
The RFQ anchor opens the Tradvolt RFQ form pre-loaded with the 4 MWh / India industrial-estate scope and the PENDING rows for CAPEX, tariff, and duty. Tradvolt will request bidders to disclose specific OEM datasheet references, η and DoD values, BIS/IEC/UN/IEEE/CEA certificate numbers, and HS-code verification before any quote is evaluated.
The bounded screen names a specific equipment family in §1 and §2 (CATL EnerC DC container + Sungrow ST2752UX PCS container); none of the OEMs below is asserted for the screen itself. The reference list is provided so a bidder can quote against a real, publicly marketed product family and provide its public datasheet or product page URL in the RFQ response. Each link is a public datasheet or product page for a known, marketed product family.
| Sub-assembly | Reference product families (real, publicly marketed) | Public datasheet / product page |
|---|---|---|
| Cells / modules (LFP) | EVE LF304 (3.2 V, 304 Ah, ≥4000 cycles @25 °C to ≥80% SoH); CATL 280/302/314 Ah prismatic LFP; BYD Blade / MCube; Trina Storage vertical | CATL ESS; BYD Energy Storage; EVE LF304 (official mall); EVE Energy; Trina Solar |
| BESS container (DC block) — named for the screen | CATL EnerC liquid-cooled DC container; BYD MCube; Sungrow PowerTitan / PowerTitan2.0; Trina Storage Elementa | CATL EnerC; Sungrow PowerTitan2.0; BYD Energy Storage |
| PCS (bidirectional inverter) container — named for the screen | Sungrow ST2752UX (2,752 kWh, 1500 V DC, liquid-cooled, operating −30 to 50 °C; pairs SG3150/4400UD-MV) | Sungrow ST2752UX product page |
| PCS / hybrid (bidirectional inverter, alternative) | SMA Sunny Tripower Hybrid X 5–15 / 20–30 kW; SMA Sunny Boy Smart Energy 3.6–6.0; Sungrow SH5–12T hybrid; Fronius Symo GEN24 Plus 6/8/10/12 kW; Huawei Smart String ESS PCS | SMA STP Hybrid X 5–15; SMA Sunny Tripower 3.0–6.0; Sungrow SH5/6/8/10/12T; Fronius Symo GEN24 Plus; Huawei FusionSolar |
| BMS / EMS | Sungrow SC series / PowerTitan BMS scope; CATL battery management; BYD BMS (Battery-Box Premium HVS/HVM) | BYD Battery-Box Premium HVS/HVM; Sungrow PowerTitan2.0 |
| PV module (if hybrid) | LONGi Hi-MO 7 (610 W, 22.60% efficiency); LONGi Hi-MO 9 (up to 670 W, up to 24.8% efficiency, HPBC 2.0); LONGi Hi-MO X6 (HPBC cell efficiency >25.5%); Jinko N-type TOPCon / JKM series | LONGi Hi-MO 7; LONGi Hi-MO 9; LONGi Hi-MO X6; JinkoSolar |
| Residential / C&I storage (alternate scale, for scaled-down scenarios) | GoodWe Lynx Home F G2 (6.4–28.8 kWh HV); GoodWe ES G2 (3–6 kW); GoodWe ET series (5–10 kW); Growatt WIT / NEO 1000M-X; Deye BOS-G HV LFP (5.12 kWh module, 20.48–61.44 kWh); SolaX X3-ULTRA 15–30 kW; Varta hybrid wall | GoodWe Lynx Home F G2; GoodWe ES G2; GoodWe ET series; Growatt; Growatt NEO 1000M-X; Deye BOS-G; SolaX X3-ULTRA; Varta hybrid wall |
Why this list is provided: an RFQ response without a named OEM datasheet cannot be checked against DoD limits, torque / SOC / voltage limits, or auxiliary-power assumptions; bidder must declare the OEM family, datasheet revision, and any deviation from it. This page asserts none of these except the bounded screen family in §1 and §2.
Editorial note: this brief is a screening brief and will be re-published after (i) bidder-quoted CAPEX and tariff rows are refreshed against current FY sources, and (ii) HS-code duty rows are filled from ICEGATE by a licensed broker. Until then, treat all PENDING cells as placeholders and the §3 computed figures as computed only for the bounded defaults stated in §2.