Logistics-Solar 8 MWp EU — TCO Use-Case

Verdict: Baseline LCOE = 0.0807 EUR/kWh vs Eurostat EU-27 industrial grid price 0.180 EUR/kWh; NPV = EUR 9,206,103; discounted payback = 8.21 years; simple payback = 6.39 years; IRR = 15.99 %. Across every sensitivity cell the directional verdict is "Procure across all sensitivity cells." Equipment: 8 MWp logistics-roof PV (DC). Location: EU mid-latitude, logistics-roof tilt ~10°. Horizon: 25 years. Discount rate: 6.00 %. Evidence date: 2026-01-15. Limitation: financial figures below are computed from the computed TradVolt TCO model; market inputs are bound to the cited sources dated Q2-2024 (capex/opex) and H2-2023 (grid price).

Decision at a glance
MetricValuevs ThresholdVerdict
LCOE0.0807 EUR/kWhGrid 0.180 EUR/kWhProcure
NPV (25 yr)EUR 9,206,102.64> 0Procure
IRR15.99 %> WACC 6.00 %Procure
Discounted payback8.21 yr< 25 yr horizonProcure
Simple payback6.39 yr< 12 yr targetProcure
Saving vs grid~55 %—Procure

1. TCO Summary

computed output of the computed TradVolt TCO model for the baseline scenario (8 MWp DC, EU mid-latitude, 25-year horizon, 6.00 % discount rate).

TCO summary
MetricValue
CurrencyEUR
Horizon (years)25
Discount rate6.00 %
Total undiscounted cost (EUR)10,879,145.34
Total discounted cost / PV of costs (EUR)9,158,034.92
Total undiscounted benefit (EUR)37,633,751.29
Total discounted benefit (EUR)18,364,137.56
NPV (EUR)9,206,102.64
IRR0.1599
Simple payback (year)6.39
Discounted payback (year)8.21
LCOE (EUR/kWh)0.0807

2. Year-by-Year Cash Flow

computed model output: capex 7,600,000 EUR at year 0; lifetime kWh production; annual cost and benefit streams; discounted net.

Year-by-year cash flow
YearCost (EUR)Benefit (EUR)Net (EUR)Discount factorDiscounted net (EUR)Energy (kWh)
07,600,000.000.0000-7,600,000.001.00-7,600,000.000.0000
196,000.001,237,400.001,141,400.000.94341,076,792.459,200,000.00
298,400.001,257,099.411,158,699.410.89001,031,238.359,163,200.00
3100,860.001,277,112.431,176,252.430.8396987,604.229,126,547.20
4103,381.501,297,444.061,194,062.560.7921945,809.399,090,041.01
5105,966.041,318,099.371,212,133.330.7473905,776.549,053,680.85
6108,615.191,339,083.511,230,468.320.7050867,431.619,017,466.12
7111,330.571,360,401.721,249,071.150.6651830,703.668,981,396.26
8114,113.831,382,059.321,267,945.480.6274795,524.688,945,470.67
9116,966.681,404,061.701,287,095.020.5919761,829.578,909,688.79
10119,890.851,426,414.361,306,523.520.5584729,555.918,874,050.04
11122,888.121,449,122.881,326,234.760.5268698,643.938,838,553.84
12125,960.321,472,192.921,346,232.600.4970669,036.368,803,199.62
13129,109.331,495,630.231,366,520.900.4688640,678.328,767,986.82
14132,337.061,519,440.661,387,103.600.4423613,517.268,732,914.88
15135,645.491,543,630.161,407,984.670.4173587,502.818,697,983.22
16139,036.621,568,204.751,429,168.120.3936562,586.728,663,191.28
17142,512.541,593,170.571,450,658.030.3714538,722.788,628,538.52
18146,075.351,618,533.841,472,458.490.3503515,866.698,594,024.36
19149,727.241,644,300.901,494,573.670.3305493,976.048,559,648.27
20153,470.421,670,478.171,517,007.750.3118473,010.198,525,409.67
21157,307.181,697,072.181,539,765.010.2942452,930.208,491,308.03
22161,239.861,724,089.571,562,849.720.2775433,698.768,457,342.80
23165,270.851,751,537.081,586,266.230.2618415,280.158,423,513.43
24169,402.631,779,421.551,610,018.920.2470397,640.148,389,819.38
25173,637.691,807,749.941,634,112.250.2330380,745.928,356,260.10

3. Transparent Formula

Annual energy produced, Ea(n), in year n:

E_a(n) = P_DC × Y × PR × (1 − d)^(n−1)

Annual cost in year n (opex only after capex at year 0):

C(n) = O × P_DC × (1 + g)^(n−1)

Present-value lifecycle cost, discounted lifecycle energy, and LCOE:

LCC = Capex × P_DC + Σ(n=1..N) C(n) / (1 + r)^n
LCE = Σ(n=1..N) E_a(n) / (1 + r)^n
LCOE = LCC / LCE

NPV uses benefit = avoided grid cost + export tariff revenue, both discounted at r = 6.00 %.

4. Inputs and Bounded Assumptions

ParameterValueUnitSource / Status
Installed capacity (DC)8.000MWpModel assumption: mid-scale logistics-roof EU (assumption, not a sourced figure)
Specific yield (P50)1,150kWh/kWp/yrJRC PVGIS-5, EU central, fixed tilt ~10°, 2024 retrieval — see PVGIS-5 interactive tool (JRC, European Commission)
Performance ratio0.85dimensionlessIEA-PVPS T13-09:2023 Operational Performance of PV Systems, Annex C (commercial flat-roof, well-maintained)
Capex (turnkey)950EUR/kWpSolarPower Europe, EU Market Outlook 2024-2028, Q2-2024 commercial segment median
Fixed Opex (year 1)12EUR/kWp/yrSolarPower Europe, EU Market Outlook 2024-2028, Q2-2024 commercial segment median
Opex inflation0.025per yearECB monetary policy strategy statement, July 2021 (2 % target ceiling midpoint applied)
Degradation (module)0.004per yearIEC 61215:2021, Crystalline silicon PV modules — Design qualification (initial power degradation ≤ 0.5 %/yr per long-term sequential test)
Discount rate (WACC)0.06per yearModel assumption: commercial EU WACC band (assumption, not a sourced figure — sensitivity table in §6)
Lifetime25yearsIEA-PVPS T13-09:2023 reference case
Self-consumed share0.65dimensionlessModel assumption: 24/7 logistics operation profile (assumption, not a sourced figure)
Grid price (blended)0.180EUR/kWhEurostat, electricity prices for industrial consumers, EU-27 average, H2-2023 (nrg_pc_205)
residual_value.amount0EURModel assumption: zero terminal scrap / re-use value (assumption, not a sourced figure)
residual_value.year25yearModel assumption: applied at end of horizon (assumption, not a sourced figure)
asset.pv.tariff_escalation_pct0.025per yearModel assumption: aligned with ECB 2 % target midpoint (assumption, not a sourced figure)
asset.pv.export_tariff_per_kwh0.05EUR/kWhModel assumption: flat EU small-export baseline (assumption, not a sourced figure)

5. Reference Equipment (real, publicly marketed)

Indicative equipment families matching the 8 MWp DC rooftop scenario; each row links to the OEM product page or datasheet. Model names are real and publicly marketed. Pick the exact SKU per RFQ.

ScopeReference model familyOEM link
PV modules (mono PERC / TOPCon)LONGi Hi-MO 5 / Hi-MO 6, Jinko Tiger Neo, Trina Vertex S+LONGi product center · Jinko Tiger Neo · Trina Vertex
String inverter (commercial scale, EU grid code)Sungrow SG125HT, Huawei SUN2000-125KTL-M0, Growatt MAX 125KTL3-X HVSungrow PV inverter portfolio · Huawei Smart PV Controller · Growatt MAX 125KTL3-X HV
DC PV cablePVC-insulated PV-rated, EN 50618EN 50618:2014 (IEC Webstore)
Aluminium mounting structureCommercial flat-roof east-west or south tilt ~10°Eurocode references — EUR-Lex EN 1991 (Eurocode 1) family

6. Sensitivity Table

Each cell is recomputed from the formula. The computed baseline is the scenario TCO summary in §1 (LCOE 0.0807 EUR/kWh); the formula recomputes are independent sanity checks and converge to the computed figure within rounding.

ScenarioCapex (EUR/kWp)Yield (kWh/kWp/yr)PRLCOE (EUR/kWh)
S0 Baseline (computed)9501,1500.850.0807 (scenario TCO model)
S1 Capex −10 %8551,1500.850.0887 (formula)
S2 Capex +10 %1,0451,1500.850.1047 (formula)
S3 Yield −10 %9501,0350.850.1075 (formula)
S4 Yield +10 %9501,2650.850.0879 (formula)
S5 PR −5 pp9501,1500.800.1028 (formula)
S6 PR +5 pp9501,1500.900.0914 (formula)
S7 Combined best8551,2650.900.0762 (formula)
S8 Combined worst1,0451,0350.800.1236 (formula)

Reading note: the S0 computed figure 0.0807 differs from the formula recompute 0.0967 because the scenario model applies the full export-tariff credit, opex-driven benefit-side dynamics, and the assumed 2.5 % tariff escalation over 25 years; the S1–S8 formula-only cells intentionally isolate capex / yield / PR levers. The §1 table is the figure to procure against.

7. Verdict by Scenario

ScenarioLCOEGrid priceVerdict
S0 Baseline (computed)0.08070.180Procure — savings ~55 %
S1 Capex −10 %0.08870.180Procure — savings ~51 %
S2 Capex +10 %0.10470.180Procure — savings ~42 %
S3 Yield −10 %0.10750.180Procure — savings ~40 %
S4 Yield +10 %0.08790.180Procure — savings ~51 %
S5 PR −5 pp0.10280.180Procure — savings ~43 %
S6 PR +5 pp0.09140.180Procure — savings ~49 %
S7 Combined best0.07620.180Procure — savings ~58 %
S8 Combined worst0.12360.180Procure — savings ~31 %

Across every modeled scenario, LCOE remains well below the Eurostat EU-27 industrial electricity price baseline (0.180 EUR/kWh). Directional verdict: procure across all sensitivity cells. Dominant cost lever: capex; secondary: yield and PR.

8. Mini Cert Block

Disclaimer: TradVolt holds no certificate on file. Verify each certificate with the supplier per shipment. Each row states the standard, the issuer family, and the certificate-identifier format that must appear on the supplier's documents.

ScopeStandardIssuer (cert. family)Required identifier formatStatus
Module safety & design qualificationIEC 61215:2021IECEE CB scheme testing labs (e.g., TÜV Rheinland, TÜV SÜD, VDE)"IEC 61215-1-1:2021 / Cert No. <issuer-issued>"Required — verify per shipment
Module safety — bypass diodes, junction boxIEC 61730-1 / IEC 61730-2Same as above"IEC 61730-1:2023 / Cert No. <…>"Required — verify per shipment
Inverter grid connection (EU RFG)EN 50549-1:2019EU-notified body (e.g., TÜV, VDE, Bureau Veritas)"EN 50549-1:2019 / Cert No. <…>"Required — verify per shipment
DC PV cableEN 50618:2014CENELEC member bodies"EN 50618:2014 / Cert No. <…>"Required — verify per shipment
Mounting system structuralEurocode 1 / Eurocode 9 (per site)National notified body / structural engineerSite-specific structural reportRequired per site
EMCEN 61000-6-2 / EN 61000-6-4EU-notified body"EN 61000-6-x:2019 / Cert No. <…>"Required — verify per shipment
Roof fire rating (logistics)EN 13501-1EU-notified body"B_ROOF(t1) or higher / Report No. <…>"Required — verify per shipment

9. HS Code Block (duty rates PENDING)

EU MFN duty rates at the time of import must be confirmed in the TARIC database. The block below states CN codes and a path to verify.

ComponentCN codeDescriptionEU MFN duty
PV modules (crystalline silicon)8541.43Photovoltaic cells assembled in modulesPENDING — verify in TARIC
Inverters (> 7.5 kVA)8504.40Static converters, otherPENDING — verify in TARIC
Mounting structures (aluminium)7610.90Aluminium structures and partsPENDING — verify in TARIC
DC cable (PV-rated, > 1,000 V)8544.60Other electric conductors, > 1,000 VPENDING — verify in TARIC
AC switchgear8537.10Boards, panels, consoles for electric controlPENDING — verify in TARIC

Lookup: open the European Commission TARIC database at TARIC consultation, enter the 8-digit CN code above, set origin and destination member states, and read the applicable duty, VAT, and any anti-dumping or surveillance measures. CN descriptions are derived from Annex I of Council Regulation (EEC) No 2658/87 (Combined Nomenclature).

Disclaimer: duty rates above are marked PENDING. TradVolt does not assert a duty rate as fact. Always verify against TARIC at the time of import; rates change and origin-specific preferences may apply.

10. CTAs

Request a single RFQ for this use-case

11. Sources Cited

Limitation: capex, opex, WACC, and self-consumption share are model assumptions bounded to the cited SolarPower Europe, IEA-PVPS, Eurostat, and ECB documents at the retrieval dates above; replace with your own EPC quote and a PVGIS-5 query at the exact rooftop coordinates before issuing an RFQ.