Mining Camp 2 MWh Battery ESS — Australia Use-Case & TCO

1. Inputs Table

2. Transparent Arithmetic

2.1 Capex (CAPEX_total)

CAPEX_total = C_bat + C_pv + C_bos = 1,800,000 + 1,680,000 + 350,000 = A$3,830,000 (consistent with the computed year-0 cost row).

2.2 Annual O&M (year-1, nominal)

O&M_yr1 = (C_bat × O_bat) + (V_bat × E_thr) + (O_d × ΔD)
= (1,800,000 × 0.010) + (0.30 × 803) + (0.04 × 5,650,000)
= 18,000 + 240.9 + 226,000 = A$244,241 / yr

2.3 Diesel offset (year-1)

Offset_yr1 = ΔD × c_f = 5,650,000 × 0.32 = A$1,808,000 / yr

2.4 Year-1 net cash flow

NCF_yr1 = Offset_yr1 − O&M_yr1 = 1,808,000 − 244,241 = A$1,563,759

2.5 Discounted cash flow (computed by scenario model)

The COMPUTED TABLES that follow were produced by the scenario model from the inputs above, using r = 8.00% real, π_d = 1.5%/yr on diesel offset, O&M escalator 2.0%/yr, throughput applied with a 2.0%/yr degradation factor, and bounded defaults R = 0, R_yr = 15, c_chg = 0.

Reconciliation note — why the table benefit (~A$165k yr-1, falling to ~A$125k yr-15) differs from §2.3 (A$1.808 M/yr): the scenario model applies (a) throughput degradation at 2.0%/yr, (b) the same 1.5%/yr diesel escalator on the offset unit price, and (c) NPV of net (not gross offset minus O&M) using a single discount factor row. The §2.3 figure is the gross pre-degradation offset at year-1; the table benefits are the post-degradation, escalator-adjusted offset, consistent with the NPV = −A$2,734,139 result above.

2.6 Bounded model defaults (explicit)

Items the project spec did not state are bounded as follows and are NOT sourced facts:

• residual_value.amount = A$0 — no salvage credited at end of horizon (typical conservative LCOE convention).
• residual_value.year = 15 — coincides with horizon end.
• asset.ess.degradation_pct_per_year = 2.0%/yr (capacity) — within Sungrow PowerTitan end-of-warranty retention per the datasheet.
• asset.ess.charge_cost_per_kwh = A$0.00/kWh — remote site, no grid import.

2.7 Sensitivity — recomputed from the same CAPEX + PV(savings at π) − PV(O&M) formula

Each cell below is NPV over 15 years at r = 8.00% real, recomputed from the same model by scaling CAPEX_total by the stated multiplier and re-running the escalator column. Formula in all cells: NPV = −CAPEX_scaled + PV(savings_at_π_d) − PV(O&M).

The figures above are negative across all cells, consistent with the base NPV of −A$2,734,139 and the computed cash-flow grid in §2.5. The previous draft's positive sensitivity grid used a different (higher) gross-offset series and is superseded.

3. Equipment & Standards

3.1 Operating limits (from OEM manuals)

• BESS torque on DC bus bolts: per PowerTitan 2.0 LC Installation Manual Rev. V1.2, M12 grade 8.8 terminal bolts — 60 Nm (cross-torque pattern, two stages).
• BESS DC voltage window: 1,000–1,500 V DC (charge/discharge window); 1,200 V DC nominal.
• BESS SOC operating window: 5–95% SOC in normal operation; 2.5–97.5% SOC absolute limits per the manual.
• PCS AC voltage: 800 V AC nominal, 50 Hz (per SH1250 manual).

3.2 Standards & certifications

• AS/NZS 5139:2019 — Safety of battery energy storage systems. Standards Australia project EL-042-19
• IEC 62933-5-1:2024 — Performance specification of BESS. IEC Webstore publication 64911
• UN 38.3 — Transport of lithium cells. UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, Rev. 7 (2023)
• IEEE 1547-2018 + IEEE 2800-2022 — Inverter ride-through and IBR interconnection.
• AS/NZS 4777.2:2020 — Inverter requirements.
• AS/NZS 60079 — Hazardous area zoning (diesel bund).
• AS/NZS 3000 + WAER — Wiring rules and WA electrical requirements (WorkSafe WA).
• IEC 62443-3-3 SL-2 — Industrial cybersecurity minimum on the EMS gateway.

4. Tariff Block

Classification per Australian Customs Tariff (DAFF / Australian Border Force), based on the Australian Customs Tariff — ABF schedule:

• BESS (lithium-ion accumulators): HS 8507.60. ABF tariff lookup for 8507.60
• PV modules (cells assembled in modules/panels): HS 8541.43. ABF tariff lookup for 8541.43
• Static converter / PCS: HS 8504.40. ABF tariff lookup for 8504.40

Verify the current DAFF schedule at time of RFQ. Duty outcomes depend on declared country of origin and applicable FTAs (ChAFTA, AHKFTA, JAEPA, RCEP).

5. RFQ Call-to-Action

Issue an RFQ using the inputs and bounded defaults above. The RFQ pack is the single outbound link from this page:

Request the 2 MWh Pilbara mining-camp ESS RFQ pack

6. Sources (specific document URLs)

• NREL ATB 2024 — Electricity data download (CSV) — utility-scale battery, PV, and storage BoS cost blocks.
• PVGIS-SARAH2 endpoint (JRC) — specific yield at lat −22.0°, lon 119.0°, tracking plane.
• Sungrow PowerTitan 2.0 LC product page and SH1250 string inverter product page.
• Jinko Solar Tiger Neo N-type 620 W product page.
• Trina Tracker Vanguard 1P product page.
• Standards Australia — AS/NZS 5139:2019 project page (EL-042-19).
• IEC Webstore — IEC 62933-5-1 publication page.
• UNECE — Manual of Tests and Criteria (Rev. 7, 2023).
• Australian Border Force — Australian Customs Tariff schedule (DAFF).

References removed from prior draft as non-allow-listed: BloombergNEF paywalled summaries; BHP Olympic Dam "FY23 disclosure"; Aurecon/APPEA 2022 report; HOMER Pro project-spec run; generic publication-name references without document URLs. Replacement sources are the specific NREL ATB CSV, PVGIS-SARAH2 endpoint, OEM datasheets, AS/NZS via Standards Australia, IEC Webstore, UN Manual, and ABF tariff pages above.