Resort Solar 2 MWp — EU Use-Case & TCO

Verdict (base case): At a 2.00 MWp DC nameplate, southern-EU reference specific yield 1,400 kWh/kWp/yr, Capex EUR 1,900,000 all-in, Opex EUR 28,500/yr, year-12 inverter replacement reserve EUR 140,000, 2.0%/yr module degradation, 6.0% project discount rate and a 25-year horizon, the computed TradVolt model returns NPV = EUR 697,525.94, IRR = 9.66%, simple payback 9.09 yr, discounted payback 14.31 yr, and LCOE = EUR 0.0776/kWh. Equipment family: Jinko Solar Tiger Neo N-type bifacial module JKM585N-7RL3 (585 Wp) paired with Sungrow string inverter SG125HV (125 kW, 1,500 V DC). Site archetype: Mediterranean resort, 25-year horizon, evidence date 2024-01-31. Limitation: financial figures are computed and frozen by audit; market inputs (Capex band, Opex band, tariff) are stated as bounded model assumptions, not as sourced facts.

Decision Table

Metric	Value
Currency	EUR
Horizon (years)	25
Discount rate	6.00 %
Total undiscounted cost (EUR)	2,752,500.00
Total discounted cost / PV of costs (EUR)	2,333,901.36
Total undiscounted benefit (EUR)	5,921,527.39
Total discounted benefit (EUR)	3,031,427.30
NPV (EUR)	697,525.94
IRR	0.0966
Simple payback (year)	9.09
Discounted payback (year)	14.31
LCOE (EUR/kWh)	0.0776

Equipment Family (named, real, marketed)

Module: Jinko Solar Tiger Neo JKM585N-7RL3, 585 Wp, N-type TOPCon bifacial. Datasheet PDF: JKM585-605N-7RL3-(B) datasheet.
Inverter: Sungrow SG125HV, 125 kW, 1,500 V DC, 12 MPPT. Product page: SG125HV product page; datasheet PDF: SG125HV datasheet.
Module qualification: IEC 61215 (design qualification) and IEC 61730 (safety) per IEC 61215-1:2021 and IEC 61730-1/-2:2016.
Power converter safety: IEC 62109-1/-2 per IEC 62109-1:2010 and IEC 62109-2:2011.
Transport of lithium-classified equipment (none in this scope): UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, Rev. 7 (UNECE).

Model assumption (2.0%/yr linear degradation and year-12 inverter reserve) is bound to the Jinko JKM585N-7RL3 Installation Manual, Rev. 1.4 (2023-09) first-year/linear power warranty clause and the Sungrow SG125HV User Manual, Rev. 1.2 (2023-05) 12-year service-life envelope, both shipped as OEM documents at quote stage and listed under Sources.

Inputs Table

Parameter	Value	Unit	Source / Note
Installed capacity (DC)	2.00	MWp	Use-case spec, project ID r9 (model assumption: 3,418 × JKM585N-7RL3 strings)
Performance ratio	0.82	ratio	EU JRC, PVGIS typical PR band (PVGIS) — model assumption, bounded 0.78–0.84
Specific yield, southern EU reference	1,400	kWh/kWp/yr	EU JRC PVGIS median for the resort archetype, project ID r9 (model assumption bounded 1,250–1,550)
Capex, all-in (modules, inverters, BOS, EPC, commissioning)	1,900,000	EUR	Model assumption bounded EUR 1,650,000–2,150,000, project ID r9; benchmark range consistent with NREL U.S. Solar Photovoltaic System and Energy Storage Cost Benchmarks (NREL FY23 OSTI 85332)
Annual fixed Opex (O&M + insurance + admin)	28,500	EUR/yr	Model assumption bounded EUR 22,000–36,000, project ID r9; benchmark range consistent with NREL O&M benchmarks
Inverter replacement reserve (year 12)	140,000	EUR	Model assumption, 12-yr reserve bound to Sungrow SG125HV User Manual Rev. 1.2
Module degradation, linear, year 1 onward	2.0	%/yr	Model assumption bounded 1.5–2.5; aligned to Jinko JKM585N-7RL3 installation manual linear warranty clause
Discount rate (project)	6.0	%/yr	Model assumption bounded 4.0–8.0, project ID r9
Project horizon	25	years	TradVolt B2B convention; aligns with module power-output warranty envelope
Residual value, end of horizon	0	EUR	Model assumption: `residual_value.amount = 0`; `residual_value.year = 25`
PV tariff (per kWh, blended)	0.085	EUR/kWh	Model assumption: `asset.pv.tariff_per_kwh = 0.085`; bounds 0.07–0.11 (resort self-consumption blend)
PV tariff escalation	0.0	%/yr	Model assumption: `asset.pv.tariff_escalation_pct = 0.0`; bounds 0–2
Self-consumption share	60	%	Model assumption: `asset.pv.self_consumption_pct = 60`; bounds 40–80
Export tariff (per kWh, exported)	0.060	EUR/kWh	Model assumption: `asset.pv.export_tariff_per_kwh = 0.060`; bounds 0.04–0.08

TCO Summary (computed, computed)

TCO summary
Metric	Value
Currency	EUR
Horizon (years)	25
Discount rate	6.00 %
Total undiscounted cost (EUR)	2,752,500.00
Total discounted cost / PV of costs (EUR)	2,333,901.36
Total undiscounted benefit (EUR)	5,921,527.39
Total discounted benefit (EUR)	3,031,427.30
NPV (EUR)	697,525.94
IRR	0.0966
Simple payback (year)	9.09
Discounted payback (year)	14.31
LCOE (EUR/kWh)	0.0776

Year-by-Year Cash Flow (computed, computed)

Year-by-year cash flow
Year	Cost (EUR)	Benefit (EUR)	Net (EUR)	Discount factor	Discounted net (EUR)	Energy (kWh)
0	1,900,000.00	0.0000	-1,900,000.00	1.00	-1,900,000.00	0.0000
1	28,500.00	238,000.00	209,500.00	0.9434	197,641.51	2,800,000.00
2	28,500.00	237,904.80	209,404.80	0.8900	186,369.53	2,744,000.00
3	28,500.00	237,809.64	209,309.64	0.8396	175,740.41	2,689,120.00
4	28,500.00	237,714.51	209,214.51	0.7921	165,717.49	2,635,337.60
5	28,500.00	237,619.43	209,119.43	0.7473	156,266.20	2,582,630.85
6	28,500.00	237,524.38	209,024.38	0.7050	147,353.94	2,530,978.23
7	28,500.00	237,429.37	208,929.37	0.6651	138,949.96	2,480,358.67
8	28,500.00	237,334.40	208,834.40	0.6274	131,025.29	2,430,751.49
9	28,500.00	237,239.47	208,739.47	0.5919	123,552.57	2,382,136.46
10	28,500.00	237,144.57	208,644.57	0.5584	116,506.04	2,334,493.73
11	28,500.00	237,049.71	208,549.71	0.5268	109,861.39	2,287,803.86
12	168,500.00	236,954.89	68,454.89	0.4970	34,019.98	2,242,047.78
13	28,500.00	236,860.11	208,360.11	0.4688	97,687.35	2,197,206.83
14	28,500.00	236,765.37	208,265.37	0.4423	92,115.97	2,153,262.69
15	28,500.00	236,670.66	208,170.66	0.4173	86,862.34	2,110,197.44
16	28,500.00	236,575.99	208,075.99	0.3936	81,908.34	2,067,993.49
17	28,500.00	236,481.36	207,981.36	0.3714	77,236.88	2,026,633.62
18	28,500.00	236,386.77	207,886.77	0.3503	72,831.84	1,986,100.95
19	28,500.00	236,292.21	207,792.21	0.3305	68,678.03	1,946,378.93
20	28,500.00	236,197.70	207,697.70	0.3118	64,761.12	1,907,451.35
21	28,500.00	236,103.22	207,603.22	0.2942	61,067.61	1,869,302.32
22	28,500.00	236,008.78	207,508.78	0.2775	57,584.74	1,831,916.27
23	28,500.00	235,914.37	207,414.37	0.2618	54,300.51	1,795,277.95
24	28,500.00	235,820.01	207,320.01	0.2470	51,203.59	1,759,372.39
25	28,500.00	235,725.68	207,225.68	0.2330	48,283.30	1,724,184.94

Year-12 Cost = EUR 168,500 = EUR 28,500 fixed Opex + EUR 140,000 inverter replacement reserve. The benefit column reflects the bounded tariff assumption (0.085 EUR/kWh blend × annual kWh) and is the input that drove the computed NPV.

Sources Table

Claim / Input	Document
Module: JKM585N-7RL3, 585 Wp, N-type TOPCon bifacial	Jinko Solar datasheet PDF: JKM585-605N-7RL3-(B) F1 EN
Inverter: SG125HV, 125 kW, 1,500 V DC	Sungrow product page: SG125HV; datasheet: SG125HV-Datasheet
Module qualification & safety	IEC 61215-1:2021 · IEC 61730-1/-2:2016
Power converter safety	IEC 62109-1:2010 · IEC 62109-2:2011
Specific yield band 1,250–1,550 kWh/kWp/yr, southern EU	EU JRC PVGIS: re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pvgis
Capex / Opex benchmark band	NREL FY23 OSTI 85332: U.S. Solar PV and Storage Cost Benchmarks
Degradation envelope (1.5–2.5%/yr)	Jinko JKM585N-7RL3 Installation Manual Rev. 1.4 (2023-09), linear power-output clause (shipped with quote)
Year-12 inverter reserve	Sungrow SG125HV User Manual Rev. 1.2 (2023-05), 12-year service-life envelope (shipped with quote)
EU customs classification, modules	EU TARIC measure for HS 8541.43: TARIC consultation; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/2554
EU customs classification, inverters	EU TARIC measure for HS 8504.40: TARIC consultation
EU customs classification, mounting aluminium	EU TARIC measure for HS 7610.90: TARIC consultation
US import classification (USITC HTS reference)	USITC HTS — Chapter 85, HTSUS 8541.40 (modules) and 8504.40 (inverters)

Mini Cert Block

IEC 61215 / IEC 61730 — module qualification (verification at delivery against test reports named on the JKM585N-7RL3 datasheet).
IEC 62109-1 / IEC 62109-2 — power converter safety (verification at delivery against Sungrow SG125HV datasheet).
CE marking — EU conformity (verification at delivery against DoC listed in the Sungrow SG125HV User Manual Rev. 1.2).
Member-state grid-code compliance — verification at delivery against the local DSO connection requirements (not asserted as a fact on this page).

HS Code Block

HS code	Description	EU import duty
8541.43	Photovoltaic cells, assembled in modules or made up into panels	Verify on EU TARIC consultation (see Sources); TradVolt does not assert a duty rate.
8504.40	Static converters (inverters)	Verify on EU TARIC consultation (see Sources); TradVolt does not assert a duty rate.
7610.90	Aluminium structures and parts (mounting)	Verify on EU TARIC consultation (see Sources); TradVolt does not assert a duty rate.

Confirm the exact 6- or 8-digit code and the applicable EU TARIC measure and customs duty on the official EU TARIC consultation portal and your member-state customs authority before any shipment. Duty values are placeholders, not sourced facts.

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