Base-case verdict: do not deploy at modelled cycle count and value-of-energy — NPV = -1,207,817.21 USD over 15 years at 8.00% discount; LCOS = 0.3058 USD/kWh; no payback within horizon (simple payback = none; discounted payback = none); IRR = -0.0633. Equipment: 3 MWh outdoor liquid-cooled LFP cabinet/container BESS, family-level reference Sungrow PowerTitan2.0 / Sungrow ST2752UX / Huawei Smart String ESS cabinet / CATL EnerC container — exact SKU and OEM installation & operation manual revision gated to RFQ. Location: MEA freight terminal (GCC, North Africa or Sub-Saharan Africa — destination-specific HS/duty lookup required). Evidence-dated 2026-09-22. Limitation: results are the output of tradvolt's scenario TCO model from the bounded scenario below; they do not constitute a forecast of realised opex, energy prices, or avoided-demand credits at any specific terminal.
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Equipment (product family) | 3 MWh outdoor liquid-cooled LFP cabinet/container BESS; reference family: Sungrow PowerTitan2.0 (powertitan2) / Sungrow ST2752UX liquid-cooled container (ST2752UX) / Huawei Smart String ESS cabinet / CATL EnerC container — exact SKU + OEM installation & operation manual revision gated to RFQ |
| Cell chemistry | LFP (lithium iron phosphate) |
| Location | MEA freight terminal (GCC or Sub-Saharan Africa) |
| Horizon | 15 years |
| Discount rate | 8.00 % |
| NPV (USD) | -1,207,817.21 |
| IRR | -0.0633 |
| Simple payback | — (none within horizon) |
| Discounted payback | — (none within horizon) |
| LCOS (USD/kWh) | 0.3058 |
| PV of costs (USD) | 2,090,218.70 |
| PV of benefits (USD) | 882,401.48 |
| Evidence date | 2026-09-22 |
| Limitation | Computed from tradvolt scenario model; bounded scenario — see §4 Inputs |
Request an RFQ at tradvolt.com/rfq/
A 3 MWh battery energy storage system (BESS) is evaluated for deployment at a Middle East & Africa (MEA) freight terminal supporting yard-tractor and refrigerated-container (reefer) charging, with one cell-augmentation event in year 8 and a residual credit in year 15. The reference equipment families named below are real, publicly marketed product lines with confirmed datasheet or product-page URLs.
Cell-level datasheets on the OEM product pages above are JS-rendered and SKU-specific; the public TCO page therefore does not publish cell-level torque, SOC or voltage limits. Those limits are sourced from the OEM installation & operation manual for the selected SKU at the RFQ stage.
All financial figures on this page are the output of tradvolt's scenario TCO model from the bounded scenario defined in §4. The figures are computed for that scenario and are not a forecast for any specific terminal. The §3 tables are the only mathematics on this page and are copied verbatim from the model output. LCOS in this page is defined as PV of total cost ÷ PV of throughput (USD per kWh discharged at the BESS terminals), with the throughput denominator disclosed in the §3 summary row so LCOS is independently verifiable from the inputs.
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Currency | USD |
| Horizon (years) | 15 |
| Discount rate | 8.00 % |
| Total undiscounted cost (USD) | 2,291,281.50 |
| Total discounted cost / PV of costs (USD) | 2,090,218.70 |
| Total undiscounted benefit (USD) | 1,503,489.09 |
| Total discounted benefit (USD) | 882,401.48 |
| NPV (USD) | -1,207,817.21 |
| IRR | -0.0633 |
| Simple payback (year) | — |
| Discounted payback (year) | — |
| LCOS (USD/kWh) | 0.3058 |
| Year | Cost (USD) | Benefit (USD) | Net (USD) | Discount factor | Discounted net (USD) | Energy (kWh) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1,800,000.00 | 0.0000 | -1,800,000.00 | 1.00 | -1,800,000.00 | 0.0000 |
| 1 | 18,000.00 | 115,020.00 | 97,020.00 | 0.9259 | 89,833.33 | 891,000.00 |
| 2 | 18,360.00 | 112,719.60 | 94,359.60 | 0.8573 | 80,898.15 | 873,180.00 |
| 3 | 18,727.20 | 110,465.21 | 91,738.01 | 0.7938 | 72,824.59 | 855,716.40 |
| 4 | 19,101.74 | 108,255.90 | 89,154.16 | 0.7350 | 65,530.97 | 838,602.07 |
| 5 | 19,483.78 | 106,090.79 | 86,607.01 | 0.6806 | 58,943.27 | 821,830.03 |
| 6 | 19,873.45 | 103,968.97 | 84,095.52 | 0.6302 | 52,994.44 | 805,393.43 |
| 7 | 20,270.92 | 101,889.59 | 81,618.67 | 0.5835 | 47,623.71 | 789,285.56 |
| 8 | 290,676.34 | 99,851.80 | -190,824.54 | 0.5403 | -103,096.56 | 773,499.85 |
| 9 | 21,089.87 | 97,854.76 | 76,764.89 | 0.5002 | 38,401.56 | 758,029.85 |
| 10 | 21,511.67 | 95,897.67 | 74,386.00 | 0.4632 | 34,455.11 | 742,869.26 |
| 11 | 21,941.90 | 93,979.71 | 72,037.81 | 0.4289 | 30,895.78 | 728,011.87 |
| 12 | 22,380.74 | 92,100.12 | 69,719.38 | 0.3971 | 27,686.53 | 713,451.63 |
| 13 | 22,828.35 | 90,258.12 | 67,429.77 | 0.3677 | 24,793.78 | 699,182.60 |
| 14 | 23,284.92 | 88,452.96 | 65,168.04 | 0.3405 | 22,187.18 | 685,198.95 |
| 15 | -66,249.38 | 86,683.90 | 152,933.28 | 0.3152 | 48,210.95 | 671,494.97 |
The §3 tables are the only mathematics on this page. The PV of throughput denominator used for LCOS is the sum of the discounted annual kWh column above. Tradvolt does not publish a parallel hand derivation; LCOS is reproducible from the table inputs above.
The following inputs are the model contract. Each row carries a specific document URL where one exists; rows without a public, fixed document URL are presented as explicit bounded model assumptions, not as sourced facts.
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Class | Source / URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equipment family | 3 MWh outdoor liquid-cooled LFP cabinet / container BESS; reference families: Sungrow PowerTitan2.0 (2.5 MW / 5 MWh container), Sungrow ST2752UX (2,752 kWh liquid-cooled container), Huawei Smart String ESS cabinet, CATL EnerC container | — | Named product family | Sungrow powertitan2; ST2752UX; sungrowpower.com/en; Huawei solar.huawei.com/en; CATL catl.com/en/ess |
| Cell chemistry | LFP (lithium iron phosphate) | — | Product-datasheet class — confirmed at RFQ | OEM product pages cited above; specific cell SKU confirmed at RFQ |
| Project horizon | 15 | years | Model assumption (bounded) | Model default |
| Discount rate | 8.00 | % | Model assumption (bounded) | Model default |
| Equivalent cycles per year (base) | per scenario model input row in §3 cashflow (Year 1 energy 891,000 kWh from a 3,000 kWh nameplate at the modelled DoD envelope and cycle count) | cycles/yr | Model assumption (bounded) | Model default |
| Usable DoD envelope | 90 | % | Product-datasheet class — confirmed at RFQ | OEM datasheets per equipment-family product pages above |
| Round-trip efficiency | 88 | % | Product-datasheet class — confirmed at RFQ | OEM datasheets per equipment-family product pages above |
| Capex (turnkey, 3 MWh) | 1,800,000 | USD | Model assumption (bounded) | Model default; market-data context: iea.org |
| Fixed O&M | 1.0 | % of capex / yr | Model assumption (bounded) | Model default |
| Variable O&M | 0.3 | USD / kWh-throughput | Model assumption (bounded) | Model default |
| Cell augmentation, year 8 | 15 | % of original capex | Model assumption (bounded); procedure per OEM installation & operation manual — confirmed at RFQ | OEM installation & operation manual for selected equipment SKU |
| End-of-life credit (year 15) | -66,249.38 | USD (negative cost = residual credit at decommissioning per §3 row) | Model assumption (bounded) | Model default; EU Battery Regulation recycling obligations context: eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1542/oj |
| Degradation per year | asset.ess.degradation_pct_per_year (bounded default applied in model) | % / yr | Model assumption (bounded) | Model default |
| Charge cost (delivered energy into BESS) | asset.ess.charge_cost_per_kwh (bounded default applied in model) | USD / kWh | Model assumption (bounded) | Model default; terminal tariff schedule confirmed at RFQ. Reference for MEA industrial tariff context (RSA): nersa.org.za/electricity/pricing-and-tariffs |
| Value of energy discharged | asset.ess.value_per_kwh_discharged (bounded default applied in model) | USD / kWh | Model assumption (bounded) | Model default; terminal tariff schedule confirmed at RFQ |
The scenario model did not produce a 3 × 3 sensitivity grid for this page, so no off-base sensitivity numbers are published here. Sensitivity at base cycles is best read directly from the §3 cashflow table above.
Customs / HS lookup instructions: Confirm the 6-digit sub-heading and any 8–10-digit national tariff line using the destination customs authority's official database from the list above. Apply any applicable FTA preference (e.g. GAFTA, AGOA, EU–GCC in force) and verify rules-of-origin certificates. Tradvolt rates and customs classifications are provided for engineering guidance only; duty rates, exemptions, and FTA eligibility are determined exclusively by the importing customs authority. Tradvolt does not assert any duty rate as fact on this page.
Specific certificate numbers, test reports and OEM installation & operation manual revisions governing torque, SOC, voltage and augmentation limits are gated to the RFQ; none are asserted on this public TCO page. The IEC catalogue home webstore.iec.ch is used to look up any additional IEC standard cited on this site; cite the full designation IEC NNNN:YYYY and edition in text and do not invent /publication/NNNN IDs.
Request a tailored RFQ for a 3 MWh freight-terminal BESS in MEA (exact SKU, OEM installation & operation manual revision, destination tariff, and any FTA preference are confirmed at RFQ):