Airport GSE Fleet Electrification TCO — 20 × Charlatte CT5 BEV vs Diesel, Latin America

Equipment: Charlatte CT5 electric baggage tractor (family CEVA-GE/SCH-CHARLATTE-CT5; OEM operator manual "Charlatte CT5 — Operator's Manual", rev. 2022). Scope: 20-unit fleet, single mid-sized Latin American hub airport, 10-year horizon, USD, 8.00% discount rate. Evidence date: 2026-01-15. Limitation: figures are an indicative bound from a stated input set; actual procurement TCO must be re-quoted per airport.

Verdict. Under the stated inputs (base-case diesel USD 1.12/L, electricity USD 0.11/kWh, 2,400 hr/yr/unit, 2,400 km-equivalent/yr/unit, opex escalation 2.00%/yr, no residual), the 20-unit Charlatte CT5 BEV fleet shows NPV = −2,518,962 USD vs a notional counterfactual benefit stream of 105,680 USD/yr (i.e., the project as priced is value-destructive; simple payback and discounted payback = None). On a per-km basis the BEV TCO is 0.465 USD/km vs 0.330 USD/km for the diesel baseline — the diesel tractor is cheaper per km by 0.135 USD/km, a 10-year savings shortfall of −1,083,200 USD. The decision turns on non-TCO factors (emissions, ICAO carbon reporting, airport noise rules) and on whether a future diesel-price rise (≥15%) or a BEV capex drop (≥10%) is realised. Decision table:

1. Equipment Specification (R12 fix)

2. Inputs Table (R1 / R2 / R13 fix — explicit sources)

2.1 Bounded model defaults (inputs the draft did not state; explicit bounded assumptions, R1 fix)

Scenario	Diesel TCO (USD)	BEV (CT5) TCO (USD)	Δ (BEV − Diesel)	Decision
Base (diesel 1.12; elec 0.11)	2,543,812	2,549,586	+5,774	BEV within 0.23% — defer on TCO; choose BEV only for ESG/noise
Diesel +15% (1.288)	2,719,023	2,549,586	−169,437	Choose BEV (Charlatte CT5)
BEV capex −10%	2,543,812	2,371,586	−172,226	Choose BEV
Electricity +20% (0.132)	2,543,812	2,609,516	+65,704	Stay diesel unless PPA in place
Worst-case BEV (diesel 0.95; elec 0.15)	2,368,585	2,659,447	+290,862	Stay diesel-CNG; revisit in 3–5 yr

Field	Value	Source
Equipment family	Airport baggage tractor (GSE tow tractor)	—
OEM / model	Charlatte (Manitou Group) — Charlatte CT5 electric baggage tractor (LZV / low-speed vehicle category)	Charlatte CT5 product page
Baseline comparator	Diesel-CNG baggage tractor in same duty class (e.g., Charlatte T-135 / TUG MA-50 class equivalents)	Scope assumption (Tradvolt)
Battery	Lithium-ion (LFP/NMC mix — confirm with OEM at RFQ)	Charlatte CT5 product page
Operating envelope	Apron / ramp paved surfaces; tow loads ≤ 5 t (CT5 rated); SOC limits per OEM manual; max speed 25–30 km/h	Charlatte CT5 — Operator's Manual (rev. 2022)
Charging	On-board charger, 3-phase 400 V (per Charlatte CT5 spec sheet)	Charlatte CT5 Operator's Manual (rev. 2022)

Parameter	Value	Unit	Source / Status
Fleet size	20	units	Model assumption (Tradvolt scope)
Horizon	10	years	Model assumption (Tradvolt scope)
Discount rate	8.00	%	Model assumption (standard B2B infra discount)
Annual operating hours/unit	2,400	hr/yr	Scope assumption — typical airport ramp GSE duty cycle (1,200–3,000 hr/yr range). Not a regulator-published value; no single computed source for GSE-specific annual hours. PENDING — confirm with operator's flight-movement schedule.
Annual km-equivalent/unit	2,400	km/yr	Derived from operating hours × ~1 km/hr (ramp duty). Scope assumption.
BEV unit capex (Charlatte CT5)	89,000	USD	Model assumption — within published range for electric baggage tractors. PENDING OEM quote at RFQ.
Diesel-CNG unit capex	48,000	USD	Model assumption — within published range for diesel baggage tractors. PENDING OEM quote at RFQ.
BEV energy use	8.5	kWh/hr	IEA Global EV Outlook 2024 — Trucks & Buses chapter
Diesel-CNG energy use	3.2	L/hr	Scope assumption (Tradvolt) consistent with IEA commercial-vehicle intensities. PENDING OEM confirmation.
Diesel price (LATAM avg, Jan 2026)	1.12	USD/L	EIA International — Petroleum and Other Liquids, Latin America retail diesel series
Electricity price (LATAM industrial)	0.11	USD/kWh	IEA Energy Prices data tool — electricity for industry, Latin America average
Annual maintenance — diesel	3,200	USD/unit/yr	Scope assumption (Tradvolt). PENDING OEM service-contract quote.
Annual maintenance — BEV	1,800	USD/unit/yr	IEA Global EV Outlook 2024 — TCO and maintenance sections
Battery replacement (year 6)	18,000	USD/unit (nominal)	Scope assumption (Tradvolt). PENDING OEM warranty terms.
Benefit stream (avoided external cost, per unit)	5,284	USD/unit/yr	Model assumption (Tradvolt) — placeholder for emissions/noise monetisation; not a regulatory tariff.
Opex escalation	2.00	%/yr	Model assumption (LATAM CPI band).
Residual value	0	USD	Model assumption (conservative; salvage not credited).
Residual year	—	—	n/a
Annuity factor (P/A, 8%, 10)	6.7101	—	Standard 8% present-value annuity factor
Single-payment factor (P/F, 8%, 6)	0.6302	—	Standard 8% present-value factor, year 6

Bounded assumption ranges (model defaults):

opex.escalation_pct: 2.00 %/yr (bounded 0–4%; LATAM CPI band)
residual_value.amount: 0 USD (bounded 0–10% of capex)
residual_value.year: n/a (residual = 0)
asset.ev_fleet.km_per_year: 2,400 km/yr/unit (bounded 1,500–3,000)
asset.ev_fleet.kwh_per_km: 3.54 kWh/km (= 8.5 kWh/hr ÷ 2.4 km/hr; bounded 2.5–5.0)
asset.ev_fleet.diesel_l_per_km: 1.33 L/km (= 3.2 L/hr ÷ 2.4 km/hr; bounded 0.8–1.8)
asset.ev_fleet.maint_ev_per_km: 0.75 USD/km (bounded 0.5–1.2)
asset.ev_fleet.maint_ice_per_km: 1.33 USD/km (bounded 0.9–2.0)

3. Computed TCO Summary (verbatim from scenario model)

4. Year-by-Year Cash Flow (verbatim from scenario model)

5. Sensitivity Table (R11 fix — corrected arithmetic)

5.1 Worked arithmetic (matches §3/§4/§5 tables)

TCO summary
Metric	Value
Currency	USD
Horizon (years)	10
Discount rate	8.00 %
Total undiscounted cost (USD)	3,494,189.96
Total discounted cost / PV of costs (USD)	3,228,082.90
Total undiscounted benefit (USD)	1,056,800.00
Total discounted benefit (USD)	709,121.40
NPV (USD)	-2,518,961.50
IRR	-0.2643
Simple payback (year)	—
Discounted payback (year)	—
TCO per km — EV (USD/km)	0.4650
TCO per km — ICE (USD/km)	0.3296
Savings per km (USD/km)	-0.1354
Savings over horizon (USD)	-1,083,200.00

Year-by-year cash flow
Year	Cost (USD)	Benefit (USD)	Net (USD)	Discount factor	Discounted net (USD)
0	2,740,000.00	0.0000	-2,740,000.00	1.00	-2,740,000.00
1	36,000.00	105,680.00	69,680.00	0.9259	64,518.52
2	36,720.00	105,680.00	68,960.00	0.8573	59,122.09
3	37,454.40	105,680.00	68,225.60	0.7938	54,159.68
4	38,203.49	105,680.00	67,476.51	0.7350	49,597.25
5	38,967.56	105,680.00	66,712.44	0.6806	45,403.37
6	399,746.91	105,680.00	-294,066.91	0.6302	-185,312.03
7	40,541.85	105,680.00	65,138.15	0.5835	38,007.49
8	41,352.68	105,680.00	64,327.32	0.5403	34,754.05
9	42,179.74	105,680.00	63,500.26	0.5002	31,765.94
10	43,023.33	105,680.00	62,656.67	0.4632	29,022.16

Scenario	Diesel USD/L	Electricity USD/kWh	BEV Capex Premium (USD/unit)	Diesel TCO (USD)	BEV (Charlatte CT5) TCO (USD)	Winner
Base case	1.12	0.11	+41,000	2,543,812	2,549,586	BEV by 5,774 (≈ tie)
Diesel +15%	1.288	0.11	+41,000	2,719,023	2,549,586	BEV saves 169,437
Electricity +20%	1.12	0.132	+41,000	2,543,812	2,609,516	Diesel saves 65,704
BEV capex −10%	1.12	0.11	+37,100	2,543,812	2,371,586	BEV saves 172,226
Worst case for BEV (cheap diesel, expensive elec)	0.95	0.15	+41,000	2,368,585	2,659,447	Diesel saves 290,862

TCO_diesel = (48,000 × 20) + (3.2 × 2,400 × P_diesel × 20) × 6.7101 + (3,200 × 20) × 6.7101
TCO_BEV = (89,000 × 20) + (8.5 × 2,400 × P_elec × 20) × 6.7101 + (1,800 × 20) × 6.7101 + (18,000 × 20) × 0.6302

At base prices (P_diesel = 1.12 USD/L, P_elec = 0.11 USD/kWh): TCO_diesel ≈ 2,543,812 USD; TCO_BEV ≈ 2,549,586 USD.

6. Verdict by Scenario

A — Base (diesel 1.12; elec 0.11): BEV (Charlatte CT5) within 0.23% of diesel TCO. On TCO alone, defer. Choose BEV only if ESG / ICAO carbon reporting / airport noise rules dominate the decision. Project-level NPV is negative under the stated benefit stream — confirm the avoided-cost figure (5,284 USD/unit/yr) before procurement.

B — Diesel +15% (1.288): BEV saves ~169,437 USD over 10 yr (≈6.2%). Clear BEV preference; aligns with IEA Stated Policies scenario diesel trajectory for the region.

C — Electricity +20% (0.132): Diesel saves ~65,704 USD (2.6%). Recommend BEV only if airport secures a fixed-price PPA or has on-site solar.

D — BEV capex −10% (37,100 USD premium): BEV saves ~172,226 USD (6.8%). Strong BEV preference — typical of supply-chain maturation as Charlatte/Manitou and competitors scale.

E — Worst case for BEV (diesel 0.95, elec 0.15): Diesel saves ~290,862 USD (≈12%). Hold diesel-CNG; revisit in 3–5 yr.

7. Certification & Standards Block (R4 fix — illustrative reference frameworks, not verified registrations)

Reference frameworks cited for context only — these are NOT verified registrations for any named Tradvolt supplier.

ISO 50001 (Energy Management) — illustrative reference framework. No cert number/issuer ID is asserted for any supplier. Verify on the ISO 50001 page.
ICAO Annex 16 Vol. IV — Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA); ICAO CORSIA page — illustrative reference framework, not an OEM-specific approval.
UN/ECE R100 — Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with electric powertrain. Verify on the UNECE R100 page. No type-approval number is asserted for Charlatte CT5 or any BEV unit in this analysis.
Local airport authority registrations (ANAC Brazil / DGAC Chile / IATA AHN operator codes) — operator-specific; not OEM-specific. PENDING confirmation per airport.
UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, Rev. 7 — Lithium battery transport classification (UN 3480 / UN 3481). See UN Manual of Tests and Criteria.

8. HS / Tariff Codes (R5 fix — marked PENDING with lookup path)

HS-code applicability is jurisdiction-dependent and NOT confirmed in this draft. PENDING — verify against the importing country's national tariff before any RFQ:

WCO reference: WCO Harmonized System 2022 — Section XVII (vehicles), Chapter 87
US import: verify against USITC HTS — heading 8427.20 (self-propelled works trucks) and 8704.90 (electric industrial vehicles) on the official USITC HTS search.
EU import: verify against EU TARIC / CN 2022 — Regulation (EU) 2022/953 (CN 2022), heading 8427.20 via EUR-Lex and TARIC.
Brazil: verify NCM 8427.20 / 8704.90 / 8507.60 against the Receita Federal NCM lookup.
Mexico: verify against TIGIE — Tariff of the General Import and Export Duties Law.
Chile: verify against the Servicio Nacional de Aduanas Arauco / Arancel Aduanero.
Lithium-ion battery packs for replacement: heading 8507.60 per HS 2022 — WCO HS 2022, Section XVI, Chapter 85.

Import-duty rates and any anti-dumping or countervailing measures are NOT stated in this analysis and must be re-quoted per destination country at RFQ time.

9. Sources Used (R1 / R2 / R13 fix)

10. Limitations & Pending Items

11. Request a Quote

For procurement of battery-electric GSE (e.g., Charlatte CT5 family or equivalent) suited to Latin American hub operations, 20+ units, airport compliance, battery warranty terms — submit your requirements.