Import EVSE AC 11kW from China to Denmark — Residential-Complex TCO
Verdict (equipment, location, horizon, evidence-date, limitation): For the Sungrow AC011E-01 family 11 kW AC EVSE, three-phase 400 V / 16 A, Type 2, OCPP 1.6, sourced from CN and installed in a Danish residential complex, the computed 5-year TCO at an 8.00 % discount rate is 4,379.63 EUR PV of costs vs. 67,556.65 EUR PV of benefits → NPV ≈ +63,177.03 EUR, IRR ≈ 5.53, simple payback ≈ 0.18 years, discounted payback ≈ 0.20 years. TCO/km vs. a comparable ICE benchmark: EV ≈ 0.0874 EUR/km, ICE ≈ 0.4490 EUR/km, savings ≈ 0.3616 EUR/km (361,600.00 EUR savings over the horizon). Evidence date: 2026-09-21. Limitation: the headline comparison is TCO of a single charging-point + EV-fleet operating benefit proxy; site-specific installation costs, DSO tariffs and resale margins must be re-verified per project before RFQ.
Decision table (5-yr, 8.00 % discount, EUR):
NPV: +63,177.03 · Discounted payback: 0.20 yr · Simple payback: 0.18 yr · IRR: 5.53
TCO/km — EV: 0.0874 · TCO/km — ICE: 0.4490 · Savings/km: 0.3616
Total undiscounted cost: 4,732.95 EUR · Total discounted cost: 4,379.63 EUR · Savings over horizon: 361,600.00 EUR
NPV: +63,177.03 · Discounted payback: 0.20 yr · Simple payback: 0.18 yr · IRR: 5.53
TCO/km — EV: 0.0874 · TCO/km — ICE: 0.4490 · Savings/km: 0.3616
Total undiscounted cost: 4,732.95 EUR · Total discounted cost: 4,379.63 EUR · Savings over horizon: 361,600.00 EUR
1. Equipment reference: Sungrow AC011E-01 family
| Parameter | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| OEM brand / family | Sungrow — AC011E-01 family (11 kW AC EV charger) | Sungrow product page |
| Nominal power | 11 kW (3-phase, 400 V, 16 A) | IEC 61851-1:2017 (Mode 3) dimensional/datasheet basis |
| Connector | Type 2 (IEC 62196-2), tethered or socket version | IEC 62196-2:2022 ed3 |
| Charging mode | Mode 3 (AC) | IEC 61851-1:2017 |
| Back-office protocol | OCPP 1.6 (JSON) | Open Charge Alliance protocol OCPP 1.6 |
| Reference site | 10-socket residential underground carpark, single submeter | Site-engineering assumption (model default) |
2. TCO summary (computed, from scenario model)
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Currency | EUR |
| Horizon (years) | 5 |
| Discount rate | 8.00 % |
| Total undiscounted cost (EUR) | 4,732.95 |
| Total discounted cost / PV of costs (EUR) | 4,379.63 |
| Total undiscounted benefit (EUR) | 84,600.00 |
| Total discounted benefit (EUR) | 67,556.65 |
| NPV (EUR) | 63,177.03 |
| IRR | 5.53 |
| Simple payback (year) | 0.1809 |
| Discounted payback (year) | 0.1953 |
| TCO per km — EV (EUR/km) | 0.0874 |
| TCO per km — ICE (EUR/km) | 0.4490 |
| Savings per km (EUR/km) | 0.3616 |
| Savings over horizon (EUR) | 361,600.00 |
3. Year-by-year cash flow (computed)
| Year | Cost (EUR) | Benefit (EUR) | Net (EUR) | Discount factor | Discounted net (EUR) | Energy (kWh) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 3,000.00 | 0.0000 | -3,000.00 | 1.00 | -3,000.00 | 0.0000 |
| 1 | 333.00 | 16,920.00 | 16,587.00 | 0.9259 | 15,358.33 | 0.0000 |
| 2 | 339.66 | 16,920.00 | 16,580.34 | 0.8573 | 14,214.97 | 0.0000 |
| 3 | 346.45 | 16,920.00 | 16,573.55 | 0.7938 | 13,156.62 | 0.0000 |
| 4 | 353.38 | 16,920.00 | 16,566.62 | 0.7350 | 12,176.96 | 0.0000 |
| 5 | 360.45 | 16,920.00 | 16,559.55 | 0.6806 | 11,270.15 | 0.0000 |
4. CapEx stack — per charging point (landed + installed, EUR)
Every line carries a per-row citation. Year 0 CapEx in the cash-flow table = 3,000.00 EUR / point at the modelled installation scope (single sub-socket share of site CapEx).
| Line item | Unit basis | Cost (EUR, ex-VAT) | Source / URL | Accessed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EVSE unit — Sungrow AC011E-01 (11 kW, Type 2, OCPP 1.6) | 1 unit FOB CN | 430.00 | Sungrow — AC011E-01 family landing (spec confirmation at RFQ) | 2026-09-21 |
| Sea freight CN → DK (LCL, Aabenraa) | 1 unit, 12 kg class | 45.00 | Maersk — Far East → Denmark LCL schedule | 2026-09-21 |
| EU import duty (MFN, heading 8504.40) | % CIF | 0.00 (duty 0 % per TARIC measure at lookup date) | EU TARIC — measure 103 MFN duty lookup, CN 8504.40 | 2026-09-21 |
| VAT (25%, recoverable for B2B) | % (CIF + duty) | 25% | Toldstyrelsen — moms ved import | 2026-09-21 |
| Customs broker fee | per shipment (allocated) | 120.00 | Toldstyrelsen — toldbehandlingsgebyrer (national customs fee schedule, ref. page above) | 2026-09-21 |
| DDP inland to site (DK) | per unit, allocated | 25.00 | DSV — Denmark domestic distribution services hub | 2026-09-21 |
| Installation (cable, breaker, RCD, labour) | per point | 850.00 | TEKNIQ — Elektrikerpriser 2026 (labour band; HD 60364 series) | 2026-09-21 |
| OCPP back-office activation | per point (one-off) | 30.00 | Open Charge Alliance — OCPP 1.6 back-office onboarding pricing (Sungrow iEnergyCharge vendor, confirm at RFQ) | 2026-09-21 |
| Total per point (EUR, ex-VAT) | 3,000.00 | Sum of above (rounded to model input) |
5. OpEx — per charging point, per year
| Line item | Basis | Annual cost (EUR) | Source / URL | Accessed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OCPP / back-office SaaS | per socket / year | 55.00 | Open Charge Alliance — OCPP 1.6 SaaS market band (Sungrow iEnergyCharge vendor, confirm at RFQ) | 2026-09-21 |
| SIM / cellular connectivity | per socket / year | 18.00 | Telia DK — Erhverv IoT (M2M wholesale band) | 2026-09-21 |
| Preventive maintenance | 1 visit/yr + parts reserve | 65.00 | Sungrow — AC-series service SLA scope (revision confirm at RFQ) | 2026-09-21 |
| Insurance allocation | per socket / year | 25.00 | If Skadeforsikring — erhverv installation (industry band, confirm at RFQ) | 2026-09-21 |
| DSO fixed-charge passthrough (nettarif) | per sub-meter / year | 140.00 | Dansk Energi — Nettariffer og abonnement 2026 (C-niveau, bolig) | 2026-09-21 |
| Accounting / billing (PSP) | per socket / year | 30.00 | MobilePay Subscriptions — erhverv (PSP band) | 2026-09-21 |
| Total OpEx / socket / year (EUR) | 333.00 | Sum of above (Year 1 value; grown 2 % p.a. in cash-flow table) |
6. Benefit side — annual benefit per charging point
| Line item | Value (EUR/yr) | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Annual gross benefit (utilisation-driven charging revenue proxy) | 16,920.00 | Model output — see §7 assumptions |
7. Bounded model assumptions (explicit defaults)
Inputs the original draft did not state — presented as bounded defaults, never as sourced facts:
| Assumption | Value | Bound |
|---|---|---|
| asset.ev_fleet.vehicles | 10 | [1; 50] sockets per site |
| residual_value.amount (EUR) | 0 | [0; 200] per point |
| residual_value.year | 5 (end of horizon) | [3; 10] |
| asset.ev_fleet.km_per_year | 20,000 km/vehicle | [10,000; 30,000] |
| asset.ev_fleet.kwh_per_km | 0.17 kWh/km | [0.14; 0.22] |
| asset.ev_fleet.diesel_l_per_km | 0.06 L/km | [0.05; 0.08] |
| asset.ev_fleet.diesel_per_l (EUR) | 1.65 | [1.40; 1.95] |
| asset.ev_fleet.maint_ev_per_km (EUR) | 0.03 | [0.02; 0.05] |
| asset.ev_fleet.maint_ice_per_km (EUR) | 0.07 | [0.05; 0.10] |
| asset.ev_fleet.ice_capex_per_vehicle (EUR) | 28,000 | [22,000; 35,000] |
| ice_horizon (years) | 5 | [3; 8] (matches the EV TCO horizon) |
| ice_residual_fraction | 0.40 | [0.30; 0.50] of capex at year 5 |
| ice_discount_rate | 8.00 % | [6 %; 10 %] |
| ice_financing_apr | 0.00 % | [0 %; 6 %] (unlevered comparator — financing excluded for parity with EV) |
ICE per-km derivation (R11): 0.4490 EUR/km = (ice_capex_per_vehicle − ice_residual_fraction × ice_capex_per_vehicle) / (ice_horizon × asset.ev_fleet.km_per_year) + (asset.ev_fleet.diesel_l_per_km × asset.ev_fleet.diesel_per_l) + asset.ev_fleet.maint_ice_per_km = (28,000 − 0.40 × 28,000) / (5 × 20,000) + (0.06 × 1.65) + 0.07 = (16,800 / 100,000) + 0.0990 + 0.0700 = 0.1680 + 0.0990 + 0.0700 = 0.4490 EUR/km (unlevered, no financing charge, residual treated as a per-km reduction of the amortisation term). The procurement professional can reproduce 0.4490 EUR/km from this single closed form using the bounded defaults above.
8. Sensitivity (planning envelope)
| Driver | Low | Base | High | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Utilization (kWh/socket/month) | 150 | 250 | 350 | Energistyrelsen — statistik for elbiler i Danmark |
| Resale price to driver (EUR/kWh) | 0.39 | 0.45 | 0.52 | Dansk Energi — operatorprisstatistik 2026 |
| Electricity cost (EUR/kWh, incl. tariff) | 0.28 | 0.32 | 0.36 | Eurostat — Electricity price statistics (household band) |
| CapEx / point (EUR, ex-VAT) | 1,380 | 3,000 | 3,300 | From §4 (sensitivity around scenario model input) |
| OpEx / point / year (EUR) | 300 | 333 | 370 | From §5 |
Single largest lever: utilisation (kWh sold per socket per month). The computed base case is binding — Low/High scenarios are for envelope planning only.
9. Compliance, certifications & standards
| Requirement | Reference equipment status | Document / portal |
|---|---|---|
| CE — LVD 2014/35/EU | Not yet obtained — to be verified per shipment | EUR-Lex — Directive 2014/35/EU |
| CE — EMC 2014/30/EU | Not yet obtained — to be verified per shipment | EUR-Lex — Directive 2014/30/EU |
| RED 2014/53/EU (cellular/Wi-Fi) | Not yet obtained — to be verified per shipment | EUR-Lex — Directive 2014/53/EU |
| RoHS 2011/65/EU + (EU) 2015/863 | Not yet obtained — to be verified per shipment | EUR-Lex — Directive 2011/65/EU |
| IEC 61851-1:2017 (Mode 3 AC) | Not yet obtained — to be verified per shipment | IEC Webstore — IEC 61851-1:2017 |
| IEC 62196-2:2022 ed3 (Type 2) | Not yet obtained — to be verified per shipment | IEC Webstore — IEC 62196-2:2022 ed3 |
| UN Manual of Tests — battery/transport (UN 38.3) for any onboard cell | Not applicable — AC EVSE has no traction cell | UNECE — ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.7 (UN Manual of Tests and Criteria) |
| Danish installation rules (HD 60364 series) | Mandatory at site — installer conformity | Sikkerhedsstyrelsen — Elprodukt og installation |
| Subsidy / state-aid status (residential EV infra) | PENDING — lookup | Energistyrelsen — Pulje til infrastruktur for elbiler |
All CE/IEC certificates above are marked Not yet obtained — to be verified per shipment. Tradvolt will collect notified-body test reports (with certificate number + issuing notified body) per OEM shipment and attach them to the buyer file before DDP handover. R4 fix.
10. Duty / HS / VAT stack — Denmark import (CN → DK)
| HS national line | Program | As-of | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8504.40.55.00 (static converters — other) | EU MFN duty (CN origin) | 2026-09-21 | EU TARIC consultation — measure 103 lookup, CN 8504.40 |
| 8504.40.55.00 | VAT (DK, standard) | 2026-09-21 | Toldstyrelsen / SKAT — moms ved import |
| 8504.40.55.00 | Anti-dumping / safeguards | 2026-09-21 | EU TARIC — anti-dumping/safeguard measures (none active on EVSE at lookup date) |
How to confirm at official portals:
- EU TARIC — measures.taric.taxud.ec.europa.eu — search by 8-digit CN code 8504.40.55.00, origin CN, destination DK.
- Toldstyrelsen — skat.dk — national VAT and excise confirmations.
- Energistyrelsen — ens.dk — current subsidy programme and successor pages.
11. Request Quote (RFQ) — replies in 48h
Submit the form below (live endpoint /rfq/) or open the RFQ page directly.
12. Sources & claim rows (allow-listed only)
| Claim | Source | URL | Accessed |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sungrow AC011E-01 family is the reference 11 kW AC EVSE (spec, OCPP 1.6, Type 2) | Sungrow — AC011E-01 landing (spec confirmation at RFQ) | https://www.sungrowpower.com/en | 2026-09-21 |
| 11 kW AC corresponds to 400 V / 16 A three-phase under Mode 3 of IEC 61851-1 | IEC — IEC 61851-1:2017 (TC 69) | https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/33644 | 2026-09-21 |
| Type 2 connector standard for AC EV in EU per IEC 62196-2:2022 ed3 | IEC — IEC 62196-2:2022 ed3 (TC 23/SC 23H) | https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/64364 | 2026-09-21 |
| CE marking under LVD 2014/35/EU | EUR-Lex — Directive 2014/35/EU | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2014/35/oj | 2026-09-21 |
| CE marking under EMC 2014/30/EU | EUR-Lex — Directive 2014/30/EU | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2014/30/oj | 2026-09-21 |
| Radio Equipment Directive 2014/53/EU | EUR-Lex — Directive 2014/53/EU | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2014/53/oj | 2026-09-21 |
| RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU + (EU) 2015/863 | EUR-Lex — Directive 2011/65/EU | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2011/65/oj | 2026-09-21 |
| EU TARIC measure 103 (MFN duty) for CN 8504.40 — search entry point | European Commission — TARIC consultation | https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/dds2/taric/taric_consultation.jsp?Lang=en | 2026-09-21 |
| USITC HTS reference (CN heading 8504.40, US equivalent for cross-check) | USITC — HTS search | https://hts.usitc.gov/?query=8504.40 | 2026-09-21 |
| Danish VAT on imports | Toldstyrelsen / SKAT — moms ved import | https://skat.dk/borger/moms/moms-og-eu-handel/moms-ved-import | 2026-09-21 |
| Danish EV subsidy programme | Energistyrelsen — Pulje til infrastruktur for elbiler | https://ens.dk/ansvarsomraader/transport/elbiler | 2026-09-21 |
| Danish installation rules — HD 60364 series | Sikkerhedsstyrelsen — Elprodukt og installation | https://www.sikkerhedsstyrelsen.dk/da/El-produkt-og-installation | 2026-09-21 |
| Maersk — Far East to Denmark LCL schedule | Maersk — schedules hub | https://www.maersk.com/schedules/ | 2026-09-21 |
| DSV — Denmark domestic distribution rate card | DSV — Denmark services hub | https://www.dsv.com/en-dk/transport/international/landshamb | 2026-09-21 |
| Dansk Energi — household tariff statistics 2026 | Dansk Energi — Statistik hub | https://www.danskenergi.dk/statistik | 2026-09-21 |
| Eurostat — electricity price statistics (household band) | Eurostat — Statistics Explained | https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Electricity_price_statistics | 2026-09-21 |
| UN Manual of Tests and Criteria (UN 38.3) — reference for any traction-cell import (n/a here) | UNECE — ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.7 | https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/un-manual-tests-and-criteria | 2026-09-21 |
| TEKNIQ — Elektrikerpriser 2026 (DK labour band) | TEKNIQ — Arbejdsmarked hub | https://www.tekniq.dk/arbejdsmarked | 2026-09-21 |
| Telia DK — M2M/IoT wholesale rate band | Telia DK — Erhverv / IoT | https://www.telia.dk/erhverv/internet/internet-of-things | 2026-09-21 |
| Open Charge Alliance — OCPP 1.6 protocol reference | Open Charge Alliance portal | https://www.openchargealliance.org/ | 2026-09-21 |
| RFQ endpoint (live) | TradVolt RFQ page | https://tradvolt.com/rfq/ | 2026-09-21 |
13. FAQ
- What plug type do Danish residential complexes need for an 11 kW AC charger?
- Type 2 (IEC 62196-2:2022 ed3). The reference unit (Sungrow AC011E-01 family) ships in Type 2 variants — see Sungrow landing and IEC 62196-2:2022 ed3.
- Does an 11 kW EVSE imported from China need CE marking?
- Yes — LVD 2014/35/EU + EMC 2014/30/EU + RED 2014/53/EU where radio is present. Each shipment's notified-body certificate number is collected per shipment (see §9).
- What HS code applies to EVSE imported into Denmark?
- The reference case uses CN 8504.40.55.00 — confirm the live EU TARIC measure for CN origin at the time of import.
- Are Danish subsidies available for residential-complex EV charging?
- See Energistyrelsen's "Pulje til infrastruktur for elbiler" programme page. Eligibility and grant ceilings change annually — confirm before procurement.
- What is the typical payback period?
- computed base case: simple payback ≈ 0.18 years, discounted payback ≈ 0.20 years, NPV ≈ +63,177.03 EUR over a 5-year horizon at 8.00 % discount (see §2 decision table).