Verdict — UNDEFINED (methodology / template page; insufficient inputs to quote landed cost): For a Pylontech US5000-class LFP rack battery (~4.8 kWh nominal) on the CN → NZ residential solar-storage lane, the computed 25-year / 8.00 % TCO model reports NPV = USD 1,525.60, simple payback = 0.0000 yr, discounted payback = 0.0000 yr, and LCOS = USD 0.0000 / kWh. Because the cost stream is identically zero (CapEx, OpEx and residual-value inputs were not supplied — DROPPED-ITEM), payback and LCOS are UNDEFINED — no cost stream supplied and no landed-cost or USD-per-kWh figure can be quoted from this page. The retained NPV = 1,525.60 USD equals PV(benefits) only because costs are absent, so it is NOT a usable procurement signal. This page is presented as a TCO methodology / template reference. Equipment class: Pylontech US5000 (4.8 kWh LFP rack, Pylon Technologies Co., Ltd., Shanghai). Destination: New Zealand. Horizon: 25 years. Discount rate: 8.00 %. Evidence date: 2026-09-22. Limitation: Submit RFQ for a quoted landed-cost re-run with supplied CapEx, OpEx and residual-value inputs.

Decision snapshot

1. Use Case & System Definition

2. CapEx — Capital Expenditure (Landed Cost)

For this scenario run, every CapEx line was marked DROPPED-ITEM in the model inputs and therefore resolves to USD 0.0000 in the COMPUTED TABLES. No ex-works price, freight, insurance, duty, GST, broker, last-mile or installer figure can be quoted from this page. The line items below are the categories a subsequent RFQ re-run will populate.

3. OpEx — Operating Expenditure (25-year horizon)

The OpEx lines were likewise marked DROPPED-ITEM. opex.fixed was not supplied; replacements[0].amount was not supplied; residual_value.amount and residual_value.year were not supplied. The COMPUTED TABLES therefore show zero annual cost, which is the cause of the 0.0-yr payback and 0.0000 LCOS in §4 — these numbers reflect missing inputs, not a free asset. All numeric inputs in this section are explicit bounded model defaults (not sourced facts) and are to be overridden by the buyer at RFQ.

4. Payback & TCO (COMPUTED TABLES — VERBATIM)

5. Compliance & Certifications

R4 disclosure: No certificate numbers are asserted on this page. All certification, document number and revision fields are PENDING — to be confirmed per OEM at RFQ. The URLs below are the issuing-body document/catalogue pages where the standard designation and edition are confirmed verbatim. Tradvolt does not assert OEM conformance for the named Pylontech US5000 unit on this page.

For PV-module and inverter standards adjacent to this storage system, the cited documents are: IEC 61215-1:2021 ed2 — PV module design qualification, IEC 61730-1:2016 ed2 — PV module safety qualification, UL 61730-1 PV module safety, IEC 62109-1:2010 — PCE safety general requirements, IEC 62109-2:2011 — inverter particular requirements, IEC 61851-1:2017 — EV conductive charging, Part 1, IEC 62446-1:2016 — PV systems testing/documentation/maintenance, Part 1. These are listed for completeness but are not asserted to apply to this battery-only TCO.

6. Duty / HS Stack — New Zealand Import

No duty rate, GST rate or FTA preferential rate is asserted on this page — all such numbers must be confirmed live at the cited portals at the time of RFQ. Tradvolt does not hardcode duty or VAT rates (R5).

7. Datasheet Access

Datasheet is delivered via the gated Tradvolt RFQ endpoint (tradvolt.com/rfq/) after a short qualification check. No public CDN link is published to avoid unauthorised redistribution. For the Pylontech US5000 datasheet document URL and revision, see the OEM at RFQ (R12 — no on-file placeholder anchor).

8. Request Quote — replies in 48h

9. Frequently Asked Questions

What HS code applies to LFP rack 5kWh batteries imported into New Zealand?

LFP rack batteries of this class are typically entered under HS heading 8507.60 (lithium-ion accumulators) on the NZ Working Tariff Document. The exact national line and applicable duty rate must be confirmed live on the NZ Customs Working Tariff Document at the time of import — see §6.

Do I need certifications for residential solar storage batteries in New Zealand?

Commonly referenced certifications include IEC 62619:2022 (ed2) for stationary lithium safety, IEC 63056:2020 for ESS lithium up to 1500 V DC, IEC 62485-5:2020 for safe operation of stationary lithium-ion batteries, IEC 62620:2014 and IEC 62133-2:2017 for performance / safety, UN 38.3 for transport, UL 1973 for stationary battery safety, and AS/NZS 4777.2 for inverter interconnection. Each row in §5 carries the exact document URL or issuer portal; no certificate numbers are asserted on this page (R4 disclosure).

How is payback calculated in this analysis?

The COMPUTED TABLES in §4 use the scenario model: PV(benefits) − PV(costs) over a 25-year horizon at 8.00 % discount rate. Simple and discounted payback, NPV, IRR and LCOS are taken VERBATIM from those tables — no arithmetic is added in this document. Because the cost stream is zero for this run, payback and LCOS are UNDEFINED — no cost stream supplied, and the page is classified as a methodology / template reference (R11). The retained NPV = 1,525.60 USD equals PV(benefits) only because costs are absent, so it is NOT a usable procurement signal.

What cycle-life assumption should I use for LFP racks?

Cycle life depends on DoD, C-rate and ambient temperature. The values used in this TCO run are bounded model assumptions (asset.ess.degradation_pct_per_year, asset.ess.usable_pct, asset.ess.cycles_per_year); the OEM datasheet for the named Pylontech US5000 should be consulted at RFQ for any buyer-supplied override. For reference, the alternative Deye BOS-G module cites >6,000 cycles on its public product page (see §1).

Which Incoterm is recommended for China → New Zealand sea freight?

ICC Incoterms 2020 apply. CIF, FOB and DAP are all used on CN → NZ lanes; the choice depends on buyer experience, insurance preference and freight-forwarder capability.

Can Tradvolt supply an AS/NZS-compliant variant for NZ?

Confirm with sales at the time of RFQ. Tradvolt will advise the closest matching variant and any required testing or documentation path — see §5 and §8.

• [Claim] Lithium-ion accumulators of this class enter under HS heading 8507.60 on the NZ Working Tariff Document. [Src: NZ Customs Working Tariff Document] | URL: https://www.customs.govt.nz/business/tariffs/working-tariff-document/ | accessed 2026-09-22 — specific national line and rate marked PENDING live lookup.
• [Claim] IEC 62619:2022 (ed2) covers safety of secondary lithium cells and batteries for use in industrial applications incl. stationary/ESS. [Src: IEC Webstore document page] | URL: https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/64073 | accessed 2026-09-22 | cert number PENDING.
• [Claim] IEC 63056:2020 covers safety of secondary lithium cells/batteries for use in electrical energy storage systems and other applications up to 1500 V DC. [Src: IEC Webstore document page] | URL: https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/29224 | accessed 2026-09-22 | cert number PENDING.
• [Claim] IEC 62620:2014 covers performance of secondary lithium cells for industrial / stationary applications. [Src: IEC Webstore catalogue] | URL: https://webstore.iec.ch/ — cite "IEC 62620:2014" verbatim at RFQ | accessed 2026-09-22 | cert number PENDING.
• [Claim] IEC 62133-2:2017 covers safety of portable / stationary lithium cells (Part 2: lithium). [Src: IEC Webstore document page] | URL: https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/70017 | accessed 2026-09-22 | cert number PENDING.
• [Claim] IEC 62485-5:2020 covers safe operation of stationary lithium-ion batteries (Part 5 of the secondary-battery installation safety series). [Src: IEC Webstore document page] | URL: https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/29086 | accessed 2026-09-22 | cert number PENDING.
• [Claim] UN 38.3 (UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.7, §38.3) covers transport of lithium batteries. [Src: UNECE] | URL: https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/un-manual-tests-and-criteria | accessed 2026-09-22 | test summary PENDING.
• [Claim] UL 1973 covers batteries for use in stationary and motive auxiliary power applications. [Src: UL Standards] | URL: https://www.shopulstandards.com/ProductDetail.aspx?productid=UL1973 | accessed 2026-09-22 | cert number PENDING.
• [Claim] NFPA 855 is the US Standard for the Installation of Stationary Energy Storage Systems (reference only, not NZ-binding). [Src: NFPA] | URL: https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-855-standard-development/855 | accessed 2026-09-22.
• [Claim] AS/NZS 4777.2 covers NZ/AU grid connection of inverter-based systems. [Src: Standards New Zealand] | URL: https://www.standards.govt.nz/ — cite "AS/NZS 4777.2" verbatim at RFQ | accessed 2026-09-22 | cert number PENDING.
• [Claim] NZ Electricity Industry Participation Code 2010 governs distributed-generation connections in NZ. [Src: NZ Electricity Authority] | URL: https://www.ea.govt.nz/code-and-compliance/the-code/ | accessed 2026-09-22.
• [Claim] NZ Inland Revenue administers GST on imported goods; rate and basis must be confirmed live. [Src: NZ Inland Revenue GST section] | URL: https://www.ird.govt.nz/gst/ | accessed 2026-09-22 | rate PENDING.
• [Claim] MFAT NZ-China FTA is in force; preferential duty treatment subject to rules of origin and certificate of origin. [Src: MFAT NZ-China FTA page] | URL: https://www.mfat.govt.nz/en/trade/free-trade-agreements/free-trade-agreements-in-force/nz-china-free-trade-agreement/ | accessed 2026-09-22 | preference rate PENDING.
• [Claim] Incoterms 2020 (ICC) define EXW / FOB / CIF / DAP / DDP. [Src: International Chamber of Commerce] | URL: https://iccwbo.org/business-solutions/incoterms-rules/incoterms-2020/ | accessed 2026-09-22.
• [Claim] IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations govern air carriage of lithium batteries. [Src: IATA] | URL: https://www.iata.org/en/programs/cargo/dgr/ | accessed 2026-09-22.
• [Claim] IPPC ISPM 15 governs wood packaging material used in international shipments. [Src: IPPC] | URL: https://www.ippc.int/en/core-activities/standards-setting/ispms/ | accessed 2026-09-22.
• [Claim] EU Battery Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 applies in the EU; reference for any EU-port staging, not NZ direct. [Src: EUR-Lex] | URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1542/oj | accessed 2026-09-22.
• [Claim] Pylontech US5000 is the named equipment anchor (4.8 kWh LFP rack, 48 V nominal). [Src: Pylontech — Pylon Technologies Co., Ltd., Shanghai] | corporate profile: https://en.pylontech.com.cn/about-us | datasheet document URL PENDING — to be confirmed at RFQ (R12) | accessed 2026-09-22.
• [Claim] Sungrow SBH100-400 is a real, publicly marketed 5 kWh-class LFP residential battery (5 kWh per module; 10–40 kWh per unit; max 8 modules/unit, 4 units parallel, 160 kWh max; 50 A max charge/discharge; 100 % DoD; 0 ms switchover). [Src: Sungrow product page] | URL: https://www.sungrowpower.com/en/products/residential-energy-storage-system/sbh100-150-200-250-300-350-40 | accessed 2026-09-22.
• [Claim] Deye BOS-G is a real, publicly marketed high-voltage LFP residential battery series (5.12 kWh / 51.2 V / 100 Ah per module; systems 20.48–61.44 kWh from 4–12 modules; 19-inch rack; >6,000 cycles; intelligent BMS with aerosol fire extinguishing). [Src: Deye product page] | URL: https://www.deyeinverter.com/news/industry-news/powering-the-future-deye-s-highvoltage-lithium-battery-solutions-for-reliable-energy-storage.html | accessed 2026-09-22.
• [Claim] EVE Energy is a publicly listed cell maker offering LFP prismatic cells. [Src: EVE Energy corporate site] | URL: https://www.evebattery.com/en | cell datasheet document URL PENDING — to be confirmed at RFQ | accessed 2026-09-22.
• [Claim] WCO HS Nomenclature 2022 edition is the cross-reference for HS chapter/notes. [Src: WCO] | URL: https://www.wcoomd.org/en/topics/nomenclature/instrument-and-tools/hs-nomenclature-2022-edition | accessed 2026-09-22.
• [Claim] USITC HTS, EU TARIC, UK Global Tariff and Japan Customs (English) are general cross-check lookup tools for HS classification. [Src: USITC / EC TAXUD / UK / Japan Customs] | URLs: https://hts.usitc.gov/ · https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/dds2/taric/taric_consultation.jsp?Lang=en · https://www.trade-tariff.service.gov.uk/ · https://www.customs.go.jp/english/tariff/ | accessed 2026-09-22.
• [Claim] Tradvolt RFQ endpoint is the gated access path for spec sheets and datasheets. [Src: Tradvolt] | URL: https://tradvolt.com/rfq/ | accessed 2026-09-22.
• [R11 disclosure] The COMPUTED TABLES show NPV = 1,525.60 USD, payback = 0.0000 yr and LCOS = 0.0000 USD/kWh. The NPV equals PV(benefits) only because the cost stream is absent, and the 0.0 / 0.0000 values are labelled UNDEFINED — no cost stream supplied. The page is classified as a methodology / template reference and does not quote a landed-cost or LCOS figure.