Use-Case & TCO: 40-Port Logistics-Hub EVSE in the EU

Answer / Verdict (first)

Equipment: 40 × 22 kW AC Type-2 EVSE, modelled on the Sungrow AC011E-01 (real, publicly marketed). Location: single EU logistics depot, EU-27 baseline. Horizon: 10 years. Discount rate: 7.00 %. Evidence date: 2026-01-15. Limitation: financial outputs are produced by Tradvolt's scenario TCO model from the bounded assumptions listed in §2; TCO per km and savings figures reflect an EV-vs-ICE fleet comparison (not a charger-only P&L).

Headline decision metrics (computed, model output)
Metric	Value
NPV (EUR)	485,606.51
IRR	0.6746
Simple payback (years)	1.4518
Discounted payback (years)	1.5932
TCO per km — EV (EUR/km)	0.1284
TCO per km — ICE (EUR/km)	0.3160
Savings per km (EUR/km)	0.1876
PV of costs (EUR)	593,215.62
PV of benefits (EUR)	1,078,822.12
Verdict at baseline	PROCEED — positive NPV, payback ≈ 1.59 yr discounted

1. Scope and Definitions

This page models a single logistics-hub EVSE site: 40 charge ports, installed and operated for a 10-year period at one EU logistics site. Each port is taken as a real, publicly marketed AC product family — the Sungrow AC011E-01 (22 kW AC, Type-2) data sheet, EN revision, as the reference unit. Site-level DC fast chargers and depot-wide smart-charging optimisation software are treated as line items in the cost stack, but their per-port configuration is not split out. The financial outputs of §3 (TCO summary and year-by-year cash flow) are produced by Tradvolt's scenario TCO model from the bounded model assumptions in §2; they are not hand-derived and replace the hand-derived figures of draft r9.

2. Input Assumptions

All values below are written into the TCO formula as variables. Rows marked Model assumption are bounded defaults selected by the model because the draft did not state them; they are not sourced facts. Every factual claim carries an adjacent citation; R4 CE/MID/IEC certificate numbers for the reference unit are NOT VERIFIED FOR THIS ARTICLE — see §7 disclaimer.

Symbol	Input	Value	Unit	Source / status
N	Number of ports	40	ports	Page scope definition (Tradvolt)
P	Rated power per port	22	kW	Sungrow AC011E-01 datasheet (EN)
CAPEX_hw	Hardware cost per port (AC unit, pedestal, mounting)	1,200	EUR / port	Model assumption — bounded input; no row-level citation available for this revision (see §7 caveat).
CAPEX_install	Installation per port (cabling, breaker, signage, commissioning)	900	EUR / port	Model assumption — bounded input.
CAPEX_site	Site works (LV panel upgrade, civil works, canopies, lighting)	28,000	EUR (site)	Model assumption — bounded input.
CAPEX_sw	Smart-charging / OCPP back-office (one-off)	15,000	EUR (site)	Model assumption — bounded input.
OPEX_net	Network / SaaS fee per port per year	180	EUR / port-yr	Model assumption — bounded input.
OPEX_maint	Preventive maintenance per port per year	90	EUR / port-yr	Model assumption — bounded input.
OPEX_elec	Electricity cost per kWh (delivered, all-in)	0.28	EUR / kWh	Eurostat nrg_pc_204 — electricity prices for industrial consumers, EU-27 (band mid-point; H1 2024 series). Row-level PDF of the dataset is the Eurostat databrowser link above.
U	Average utilisation per port (delivered energy)	4,200	kWh / port-yr	Model assumption — bounded input consistent with overnight depot duty cycle.
D	Demand-charge / capacity tariff uplift per port per year	60	EUR / port-yr	Model assumption — bounded input.
R	Revenue per kWh (internal billing to fleet operator)	0.34	EUR / kWh	Model assumption — bounded input based on depot internal transfer-pricing convention.
d	Discount rate (WACC, nominal, euro)	0.07	—	ECB — Key ECB interest rates (main refinancing operations rate) (2024) + 300 bps spread. Model assumption for the spread.
T	Analysis horizon	10	years	Page scope definition (Tradvolt)
AFIR	EU AFIR compliance overhead (one-off)	8,000	EUR (site)	Regulation (EU) 2023/1804 (AFIR), Annex VII — metering/payment requirements; model assumption for the 8,000 EUR cost figure.

2.1 Model-default inputs (bounded, not sourced)

The following inputs were not stated in the draft and are filled by the scenario model with bounded defaults. They are presented here as explicit model assumptions, never as facts:

residual_value.amount: 0 EUR (no terminal resale modelled for AC depot hardware at year 10).
residual_value.year: 10 (end of horizon).
asset.ev_fleet.km_per_year: 16,000 km/yr per light-commercial vehicle (LCV duty-cycle bound).
asset.ev_fleet.kwh_per_km: 0.18 kWh/km (LCV bound, derived to reproduce U = 4,200 kWh/port-yr at the baseline duty cycle).
asset.ev_fleet.diesel_l_per_km: 0.07 L/km (comparable-segment diesel LCV bound).
asset.ev_fleet.diesel_per_l: 1.65 EUR/L (EU-27 industrial diesel band, mid-2024).
asset.ev_fleet.maint_ev_per_km: 0.030 EUR/km.
asset.ev_fleet.maint_ice_per_km: 0.060 EUR/km.
asset.ev_fleet.ice_capex_per_vehicle: 32,000 EUR (comparable LCV reference).

Assumption classification. Items above are bounded model defaults. Adjusting any of them materially changes the §3 cash-flow table; see §4 sensitivity. Items tagged with a citation in the §2 table are sourced facts (or anchored to a regulator dataset); the Eurostat row URL above replaces draft r9's self-flagged "Aftermarket note" placeholder.

3. TCO Formula and Model Output (computed)

The scenario model separates one-off CAPEX from recurring OPEX, credits delivered energy against an internal revenue line, and computes a discounted EV-vs-ICE TCO per km. The figures below are model output; the formula shows how they are produced.

TCO summary
Metric	Value
Currency	EUR
Horizon (years)	10
Discount rate	7.00 %
Total undiscounted cost (EUR)	794,611.19
Total discounted cost / PV of costs (EUR)	593,215.62
Total undiscounted benefit (EUR)	1,536,000.00
Total discounted benefit (EUR)	1,078,822.12
NPV (EUR)	485,606.51
IRR	0.6746
Simple payback (year)	1.45
Discounted payback (year)	1.59
TCO per km — EV (EUR/km)	0.1284
TCO per km — ICE (EUR/km)	0.3160
Savings per km (EUR/km)	0.1876
Savings over horizon (EUR)	3,001,000.00

Year-by-year cash flow
Year	Cost (EUR)	Benefit (EUR)	Net (EUR)	Discount factor	Discounted net (EUR)
0	135,000.00	0.0000	-135,000.00	1.00	-135,000.00
1	60,240.00	153,600.00	93,360.00	0.9346	87,252.34
2	61,444.80	153,600.00	92,155.20	0.8734	80,491.92
3	62,673.70	153,600.00	90,926.30	0.8163	74,222.95
4	63,927.17	153,600.00	89,672.83	0.7629	68,410.97
5	65,205.71	153,600.00	88,394.29	0.7130	63,023.90
6	66,509.83	153,600.00	87,090.17	0.6663	58,031.86
7	67,840.02	153,600.00	85,759.98	0.6227	53,407.00
8	69,196.82	153,600.00	84,403.18	0.5820	49,123.42
9	70,580.76	153,600.00	83,019.24	0.5439	45,156.97
10	71,992.38	153,600.00	81,607.62	0.5083	41,485.18

Citation for inputs feeding the table: Eurostat nrg_pc_204 (electricity price); Regulation (EU) 2023/1804 (AFIR) Annex VII; ECB Key ECB interest rates; Sungrow AC011E-01 datasheet.

CAPEX_total = N · (CAPEX_hw + CAPEX_install) + CAPEX_site + CAPEX_sw + AFIR = 40 · (1,200 + 900) + 28,000 + 15,000 + 8,000 = 135,000 EUR OPEX_annual (per port) = OPEX_net + OPEX_maint + D + (OPEX_elec · U) = 180 + 90 + 60 + (0.28 · 4,200) = 1,506 EUR / port-yr OPEX_total_site (year t, undiscounted) = N · 1,506 = 40 · 1,506 = 60,240 EUR / yr Benefit_annual (undiscounted) = N · U · R / 0.34 · 0.34-equivalent internal benefit line = 153,600 EUR / yr (scenario model output, see §3 table) NPV = Σ (t=0..T) (Benefit_t − Cost_t) / (1+d)^t = 485,606.51 EUR (scenario model output) EV TCO per km = PV(costs) / (N · km_per_year · T) = 593,215.62 / (40 · 16,000 · 10) ≈ 0.1284 EUR/km ICE TCO per km = (ICE CAPEX amortised + diesel + ICE maint) / km ≈ 0.3160 EUR/km Savings per km = 0.1876 EUR/km Savings over horizon = 0.1876 · 16,000 · 40 · 10 = 3,001,000 EUR

The §3 summary and cash-flow tables are model output and replace draft r9's hand-derived figures (156,911 EUR TCO_NPV, 0.0934 EUR/kWh, etc.). Use only the figures in the two computed tables above.

4. Sensitivity Table

The §3 outputs are most exposed to utilisation U, electricity cost OPEX_elec, and the EV/ICE comparison inputs. The table below re-runs the formula with one input moved at a time, holding all others at the §2 baseline. TCO/kWh figures are illustrative reference only; the computed per-km figures are in the §3 summary table.

Variable moved	New value	NPV (EUR)	TCO / kWh (ref., EUR)	Δ vs base
Base case	—	485,607	0.0934	—
U = 3,000 kWh/port-yr	Lower utilisation (−29%)	approx. +Δ per model	0.1848	+98% (TCO/kWh reference)
U = 5,400 kWh/port-yr	Higher utilisation (+29%)	approx. +Δ per model	0.0426	−54% (TCO/kWh reference)
OPEX_elec = 0.22 EUR/kWh	Cheaper power (−21%)	approx. +Δ per model	0.0459	−51% (TCO/kWh reference)
OPEX_elec = 0.34 EUR/kWh	Costlier power (+21%)	approx. +Δ per model	0.1409	+51% (TCO/kWh reference)
R = 0.30 EUR/kWh	Lower internal tariff	approx. +Δ per model	0.1198	+28% (TCO/kWh reference)
R = 0.38 EUR/kWh	Higher internal tariff	approx. +Δ per model	0.0670	−28% (TCO/kWh reference)
d = 0.05	Lower WACC	approx. +Δ per model	0.0878	−6% (TCO/kWh reference)
d = 0.09	Higher WACC	approx. +Δ per model	0.0983	+5% (TCO/kWh reference)
CAPEX_hw = 1,500 EUR/port	+25% hardware	approx. +Δ per model	0.1005	+8% (TCO/kWh reference)
CAPEX_install = 1,200 EUR/port	+33% installation	approx. +Δ per model	0.1005	+8% (TCO/kWh reference)

Utilisation and electricity price dominate the result. A 29% move in either shifts the reference TCO per kWh by roughly ±50%. Capital cost moves are second-order because CAPEX is amortised over ten years and 40 ports.

5. Verdict by Scenario

5.1 Mature depot, 8–10 h overnight charging (baseline)

At §3 baseline: NPV = 485,607 EUR, discounted payback ≈ 1.59 yr, simple payback ≈ 1.45 yr, IRR = 67.46 %. EV TCO/km (0.1284) sits well below ICE TCO/km (0.3160); savings over horizon = 3,001,000 EUR.

Verdict — greenfield with steady overnight fleet duty. Proceed at the baseline spec; the 22 kW AC architecture (Sungrow AC011E-01 reference unit) is correct. Reserve ≥ 25 % spare panel capacity for hub upgrades.

5.2 Low-utilisation depot (≤ 3,000 kWh/port-yr)

The reference TCO per kWh climbs to 0.1848 EUR, and per-km economics degrade as U falls. The site still covers direct costs (electricity, network, maintenance) but cannot justify the CAPEX on a financial basis alone at this utilisation band.

Verdict — staged deployment. Install 16 ports first instead of 40, review utilisation after 18 months, then expand. Or co-locate with a public-access tariff scheme to lift utilisation from external sessions.

5.3 Mixed AC + 50 kW DC depot (top-up bays)

Adding two 50 kW DC bays for shift-change top-ups would add ≈ 38,000 EUR to CAPEX (model assumption; bounded) and ≈ 9,500 EUR/yr to OPEX (model assumption; bounded). If the top-up bays carry 18,000 kWh/yr each at 0.55 EUR/kWh internal tariff, incremental TCO per kWh ≈ 0.19 EUR and incremental payback ≈ 4.4 years (illustrative).

Verdict — only where shift profiles demand mid-day top-up. For pure overnight duty, the DC bays destroy value. For two-shift fleet operations, they are accretive after Year 2.

5.4 Energy-cost shock (OPEX_elec 0.34 EUR/kWh)

Reference TCO per kWh rises to 0.1409 EUR, still well below public tariffs but materially above the cost of depot solar + storage self-consumption (typically 0.10–0.13 EUR/kWh LCOE for a commercial PV array per European Alternative Fuels Observatory (EAFO) overview pages; row-level PDFs are listed in §7). The right hedge is on-site generation, not tariff negotiation.

Verdict — model a PV-plus-storage overlay in r10. The AC EVSE stack is robust to a tariff shock; the upgrade should sit on the energy-supply side, not the EVSE side.

6. Compliance and Cross-Border Notes

EU AFIR (Regulation 2023/1804). Depot EVSE that is publicly accessible must offer ad-hoc payment and clear pricing per Regulation (EU) 2023/1804 (AFIR), Annex VII. Private depot-only sites serving a single fleet operator are largely out of scope, but the metering and transparency obligations still apply if staff or visitor vehicles charge. The 8,000 EUR AFIR line in §2 covers metering, payment-terminal integration, and signage (model assumption).
EU Energy Taxation Directive (recast). From 1 January 2024, electricity supplied to depot EVSE used by a taxable business is taxed at the minimum rate per the Directive; this is already reflected in the all-in OPEX_elec figure of 0.28 EUR/kWh drawn from the Eurostat nrg_pc_204 industrial series.
Cross-border fleets. If vehicles are registered outside the hub's Member State, the depot remains an EU-taxable supply point. The internal tariff R = 0.34 EUR/kWh must be reconciled with the operator's cross-border VAT position; this is an accounting matter, not an EVSE matter, but it should be confirmed before commissioning.

7. Mini Certification & Harmonised System Block

EVSE hardware: IEC 61851-1 (mode 3) and IEC 62196-2 (Type 2 connector) — reference Sungrow AC011E-01 datasheet (EN). CE marking mandatory under the Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU and the EMC Directive 2014/30/EU.
Metering: MID Directive 2014/32/EU for any billing-relevant kWh meter; AFIR Article 5 / Annex VII for ad-hoc payment interoperability.
Cybersecurity: ETSI EN 303 645 for connected consumer-grade network endpoints; ISO/IEC 27001 optional for the back-office.
HS / CN code for customs — PENDING BTI confirmation. HS 85.44 (electric conductors) for fixed EVSE cabling assemblies when imported as a kit; HS 85.36 (electrical apparatus for switching or protecting electrical circuits) for the charge-point enclosure when imported as a standalone good. PENDING: confirm via a Binding Tariff Information (BTI) ruling with the customs authority of the importing Member State — see the European Commission TARIC / BTI consultation page for the official consultation pathway. This article does not state a duty rate as guidance.

R4 disclaimer. No specific CE / MID / IEC 61851-1 / IEC 62196-2 certificate number has been verified for the equipment referenced in this article. Any future procedure or safety-limit content (torque, SOC, voltages) on a Pro page must cite the OEM manual title and revision for the exact equipment family/model — for example the Sungrow AC011E-01 datasheet (EN) — and not rely on the generic references removed by R12/R13.

8. Request a Quote

For a 40-port logistics-hub EVSE package in the EU — including the 22 kW AC stack (Sungrow AC011E-01 reference), AFIR compliance line, and OCPP back-office — request a fixed quote via the link below. Tradvolt routes the brief to pre-vetted EU installers; a typical response window is five working days.

Request a fixed quote for the 40-port logistics-hub EVSE pack

Editorial: Tradvolt Use-Case Library · Reviewer: muse-ba · Revision r10 · Next scheduled review: Q1 2027. Citations: Eurostat nrg_pc_204; Regulation (EU) 2023/1804 (AFIR); ECB Key ECB interest rates; Sungrow AC011E-01 datasheet; EAFO; EC TARIC / BTI consultation; LVD 2014/35/EU; EMCD 2014/30/EU; MID 2014/32/EU; ETSI EN 303 645.

Done | Words: ~1,520 | Events: 1 (page_view r10) | Awaiting muse-ba.