Use case · Villa Hybrid 15 kW · China → Thailand

Villa Hybrid 15 kW — TCO & Landed Cost (CN → TH)

Verdict (computed, this scenario): NPV = USD 21,624 over a 25-year horizon at an 8.00% discount rate, on a flat USD-denominated tariff stream and a zero-cost line in this isolated displacement model. Simple payback = 0.0 yr; discounted payback = 0.0 yr; LCOE = USD 0.0000/kWh. The benefit stream totals USD 53,595.02 undiscounted and USD 21,624.47 discounted. Interpretation: on the inputs used by the scenario model, every dollar of capital and operating cost was set to zero and the only flow is a benefit — so the result is positive NPV with immediate payback. A real landed-cost decision still requires a named HS line, an EXW quote on the Sungrow SH15T 15 kW three-phase hybrid inverter (datasheet below), ocean freight, Thai import duty and VAT — none of which are included in the computed cost column. Evidence date: 2026-09-21. Limitation: see §10.

Decision snapshot

1. Scope & reference configuration

2. CapEx — landed cost stack Model assumptions (cost column = 0 in this scenario)

The computed tables below set the capital cost line to zero — that is an explicit input of this scenario, not an oversight. The line-by-line structure below is what must be quoted and folded into the cost column for a binding decision.

Arithmetic convention: Landed CapEx (per villa) = EXW + freight + insurance + duty + VAT + (broker + inland + BoS + commissioning). All rates and unit prices must be replaced with quoted values before any binding commercial use.

3. OpEx & replacements Model assumptions

4. Payback, NPV & LCOE (computed) Computed from model

4.1 Inputs used in this computation Model defaults (bounded)

4.2 TCO summary (computed, verbatim from model)

4.3 Year-by-year cash flow (computed, verbatim from model)

Energy column reflects the model's specific-yield assumption (1,400 kWh/kWp/yr at 15 kWp, declining at 0.50%/yr) combined with 100% self-consumption. Tariff escalation 1.50%/yr. These are bounded model defaults, not site-specific quotes.

4.4 How to read this Limitations

• The cost column is zero because CapEx and OpEx inputs were set to zero for this scenario. Do not interpret zero payback or zero LCOE as "free" — replace them with the §2 / §3 line items quoted against a real EXW, freight schedule, Thai import duty, VAT and O&M contract.
• IRR is "n/a" because no negative cash flow is present in the cost stream; IRR is undefined when there is no investment to recover.
• Discounted benefit equals NPV because PV of costs is zero.

5. Compliance & certifications

6. Allow-listed named sources cited

Specific public datasheet / product-page URLs only. No homepages, no placeholders, no "on file" rows. Where a Thai national sub-line is the source of truth, the URL points to the Thai Customs list-duty lookup, and the broker must still confirm against the exact model description.

7. Duty / HS stack PENDING — broker confirmation

8. Request a quote (RFQ)

Submit the fields below. Tradvolt replies within 48 hours with a named-OEM shortlist, indicative freight schedule, and the HS-code strategy for Thailand.

9. Spec & datasheet links

• Sungrow SH15T — product page & datasheet: https://en.sungrowpower.com/product-detail/sh15t
• IEC 62109-1 scope: https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/6392
• IEC 62109-2 scope: https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/6393
• Thai Customs tariff lookup: https://www.customs.go.th/list_customs_duty
• Thai VAT (Revenue Department): https://www.rd.go.th/english/59317.html
• EGAT Thai Grid Code: https://www.egat.co.th/en/our-business/grid-code
• TISI standards portal: https://www.tisi.go.th/website/en
• UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (Rev 21): https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/trans/danger/publi/unrec/rev21/ST-SG-AC10-1-Rev21-Amend1-Add1-2023-e.pdf
• UN Manual of Tests and Criteria (Rev 7), Part III §38.3: https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/trans/danger/publi/manual/Rev7/Manual_Rev7_E.pdf

10. FAQ

10.1 What is the computed verdict for importing a 15 kW hybrid inverter from China to Thailand?

On this scenario, NPV = USD 21,624.47 over 25 years at an 8.00% discount rate, with simple payback = 0.0 yr and LCOE = USD 0.0000/kWh — because the cost stream is zero in the scenario model. A real landed-cost decision still requires a quoted EXW, freight, Thai import duty and VAT (see §6 / §7).

10.2 Which HS code applies to a 15 kW hybrid inverter imported into Thailand?

PV inverters fall under HS sub-heading 8504.40 (static converters) per the WCO Harmonized System 2022 explanatory notes (§6). The Thai national sub-line, applicable duty rate and any preferential treatment must be confirmed against the Thai Customs tariff database (§6) by a licensed Thai customs broker using the Sungrow SH15T model description.

10.3 Do I need TIS / EGAT approval for a 15 kW hybrid inverter?

A 15 kW grid-tied inverter installed in Thailand must satisfy the EGAT interconnection framework for the relevant voltage level (§6) and the applicable Thai Industrial Standard (TIS) for the installed model, confirmed via the TISI standards portal (§6). The TIS reference number and certificate issuer must be cross-checked, not taken from the OEM brochure.

10.4 What CapEx lines should I budget beyond the inverter EXW?

Beyond EXW, a complete landed-cost CapEx should include ocean freight, marine insurance, Thai import duty, VAT (Thai standard rate is 7%, confirm current rate), customs broker fees, inland transport to site, BoS accessories (cabling, breakers, SPD, mounting), and commissioning / EGAT acceptance labour. See §2 on this page for the line-by-line structure.

10.5 Is the payback on this page a binding quote?

The computed tables (NPV, payback, LCOE) come from Tradvolt's scenario model applied to this scenario with bounded default inputs. They are not a binding commercial quote; a binding landed-cost quote requires an RFQ with SKU, qty, Incoterm, destination and target certifications so the HS line, freight, duty and VAT can be re-priced.

10.6 Which certifications should I verify on the OEM datasheet?

For Thailand villa-grid interconnection, verify the OEM datasheet carries the relevant IEC marks (notably IEC 62109-1 / IEC 62109-2 for PV inverter safety, §6) and that the model is listed against the applicable TIS standard. Certificates must be cross-checked with the issuing certification body, not the OEM brochure. CE marking under Regulation (EC) No 765/2008 (§6) is an EU reference, not a Thailand grid-acceptance mark.

10.7 Can Tradvolt arrange DDP delivery to a villa site in Thailand?

DDP can be offered subject to a named villa address (province, district, postcode), a confirmed HS national line, and a licensed Thai customs broker of record. Submit the RFQ in §8 with the DDP option selected.

10.8 How are LFP batteries classified for transport?

Lithium-ion cells and battery modules are classified under UN 3480 (lithium-ion batteries) or UN 3481 (lithium-ion batteries packed with equipment) per the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, 21st revised edition (§6), and must pass the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, Part III, Section 38.3 test suite (§6).