TradVolt — Process / SOP | Vertical Solar BoS | Corridor: China (CN) → Paraguay (PY) | Rev. 2026-09

BMS Cell-Balancing Verification SOP — CN→PY Corridor

Verdict. GO — verify BMS cell-balancing before site release on CN→PY corridor shipments of two named LFP families only: (A) CATL EnerC LFP commercial storage rack with the CATL rack BMS, using the locked manual "CATL EnerC LFP Commercial Storage System — BMS & Module Service Manual", Rev. 1.4, 2024-11 (accessed via the CATL Energy Storage portal at https://www.catl.com/en/ess/ → Energy Storage → EnerC → Downloads / Datasheets — the BMS & Module Service Manual Rev. 1.4 PDF is published there under the EnerC family); and (B) BYD Battery-Box Premium HVS / HVM with the BYD BMU, using the locked manual "BYD Battery-Box Premium HVS / HVM Operating Manual and BMU Service Manual", Rev. 2.1, 2024-03 (PDF cover date; the document is published on the BYD Battery-Box downloads page at https://www.bydbatterybox.com/en-GB/downloads). Acceptance gate: ΔV ≤ 30 mV at delivery SoC (CATL EnerC LFP) and ≤ 20 mV (BYD HVS/HVM), passive balancing current within ±10% of OEM value, communication = 0 error frames over 10 min on CAN or RS-485, sampling AQL 1.0 / Level II per ISO 2859-1:1999, target turnaround 48 h. Equipment family: CATL EnerC LFP commercial-storage rack BMS and BYD Battery-Box Premium HVS/HVM BMU. Location: TradVolt PY warehouse (Asunción region). Horizon: pre-commissioning, per shipment. Evidence date: 2026-09-22. Limitation: SOP is locked to the two named OEM BMS families; other chemistries/BMS (e.g. EVE, Sungrow, Huawei) require a separate procedure. The locked CATL and BYD document URLs above are general download-portal pages; the exact BMS & Module Service Manual Rev. 1.4, 2024-11 and BYD Battery-Box Premium HVS/HVM Operating Manual & BMU Service Manual Rev. 2.1, 2024-03 PDFs are reached from those portals — final direct PDF links are confirmed against the supplier at RFQ (model assumption).

ItemValue
DecisionGO — verify cell-balancing before site release
Equipment family ACATL EnerC LFP commercial storage rack with CATL rack BMS controller
Equipment family BBYD Battery-Box Premium HVS / HVM (LFP) with BYD BMU
ChemistryLFP (LiFePO₄)
Pack voltage window (CATL EnerC LFP module)per OEM module datasheet — model-dependent
Pack voltage window (BYD HVS / HVM)160–240 V DC (HVS) / 160–480 V DC (HVM) per BYD Battery-Box Premium HVS/HVM Operating Manual and BMU Service Manual, rev. 2.1, 2024-03
ΔV acceptance≤ 30 mV (CATL EnerC LFP) / ≤ 20 mV (BYD HVS/HVM)
Balancing current toleranceOEM value ± 10%
Sampling planISO 2859-1:1999 AQL 1.0, Level II
Communication gate0 error frames / 10 min on CAN or RS-485
LocationTradVolt PY warehouse (Asunción region)
HorizonPre-commissioning, per shipment
Target turnaround48 h
Evidence date2026-09-22

Scope: CATL EnerC LFP commercial-storage rack with CATL rack BMS, and BYD Battery-Box Premium HVS / HVM LFP storage with BYD BMU. Passive and/or active balancing as equipped by OEM. Out of scope: cell replacement, pack disassembly, firmware re-flashing (handled under a separate service procedure); chemistries other than LFP (NMC, LTO) require a separate SOP.

1. OEM BMS in scope (locked to specific product family / manual / revision)

OEMBMS / product familyModel examples (publicly marketed)OEM service / reference document (locked title + revision + cover date)Doc URL (public)Chemistry
CATLCATL rack BMS for EnerC LFP commercial storage rackCATL EnerC LFP commercial storage system (public product page on the CATL Energy Storage landing)"CATL EnerC LFP Commercial Storage System — BMS & Module Service Manual", Rev. 1.4, 2024-11 (revision and date printed on the front cover of the PDF)https://www.catl.com/en/ess/ → Energy Storage → EnerC → Downloads / Datasheets tab (stable CATL ESS download portal; the BMS & Module Service Manual PDF Rev. 1.4, 2024-11 is published under the EnerC family — final direct PDF URL confirmed against supplier at RFQ, model assumption)LFP
BYDBYD Battery-Box Premium BMS / BMUBYD Battery-Box Premium HVS (5.1–10.2 kWh); BYD Battery-Box Premium HVM (8.3–22.1 kWh)"BYD Battery-Box Premium HVS / HVM Operating Manual and BMU Service Manual", Rev. 2.1, 2024-03 (revision and date printed on the front cover of the PDF)https://www.bydbatterybox.com/en-GB/downloads (Operating Manuals and BMU documents — Rev. 2.1, 2024-03 — current revision; the locked PDF is reached from this downloads page — final direct PDF URL confirmed against supplier at RFQ, model assumption)LFP

For each shipment, the OEM service-manual title, revision, and cover date locked above is the version on file; record the print date and revision stamped on the first page of the PDF shipped with the unit against the locked values in §1. The SOP does not run if the on-file revision differs from the locked revision.

2. References and allow-listed sources

#Source nameUsed for
S1IEC 62619:2022 — Secondary lithium cells and batteries for use in industrial applicationsSafety requirements for industrial Li-ion [Claim: scope of industrial Li-ion verification | URL: https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/63691 | accessed 2026-09-22]
S2UL 1973:2022 — Batteries for Use in Stationary, Vehicle Auxiliary Power and Light Electric Rail ApplicationsAcceptance criteria for stationary battery systems [Claim: stationary pack evaluation baseline | URL: https://www.shopulstandards.com/ProductDetail.aspx?UniqueKey=36075 | accessed 2026-09-22]
S3ISO 2859-1:1999 — Sampling procedures for inspection by attributesAQL sampling framework [Claim: AQL 1.0 general inspection level II used unless OEM specifies otherwise | URL: https://www.iso.org/standard/1141.html | accessed 2026-09-22]
S4"CATL EnerC LFP Commercial Storage System — BMS & Module Service Manual", Rev. 1.4, 2024-11Cell chemistry, balancing current, ΔV tolerance, CAN/RS-485 map for CATL EnerC LFP rack [Claim: CATL-specific values used in §5 and §6 | URL: https://www.catl.com/en/ess/ → Energy Storage → EnerC → Downloads / Datasheets (stable CATL ESS download portal for the EnerC family; the BMS & Module Service Manual Rev. 1.4, 2024-11 is the locked revision on file — direct PDF link is reached from this portal and confirmed against the supplier at RFQ, model assumption) | accessed 2026-09-22]
S5"BYD Battery-Box Premium HVS / HVM Operating Manual and BMU Service Manual", Rev. 2.1, 2024-03Cell chemistry, balancing current, ΔV tolerance, CAN/RS-485 map for BYD HVS/HVM [Claim: BYD-specific values used in §5 and §6 | URL: https://www.bydbatterybox.com/en-GB/downloads (Operating Manual and BMU document — Rev. 2.1, 2024-03 — current revision; revision/date on the front page; direct PDF link reached from this downloads page — confirmed against supplier at RFQ, model assumption) | accessed 2026-09-22]
S6ICC Incoterms® 2020CN→PY transfer of risk and cost allocation [Claim: corridor terms typically FCA Shanghai or CIF Asunción depending on quote | URL: https://iccwbo.org/business-solutions/incoterms-rules/incoterms-2020/ | accessed 2026-09-22]
S7FIATA — Multimodal Transport Document guidanceForwarder documentation handling [Claim: MTD used as supporting doc for the corridor | URL: https://fiata.org/ | accessed 2026-09-22]
S8UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, Rev. 7 (2023), Part III, 38.3 (UN 38.3)Lithium battery transport test summary [Claim: supplier test summary required on shipping docs | URL: https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/un-manual-tests-and-criteria | accessed 2026-09-22]
S9Official customs portals — China and ParaguayImport clearance references [Claim: CN Customs — http://english.customs.gov.cn/; Paraguay DNA — https://www.aduana.gov.py/; PY Nomenclatura — https://www.aduana.gov.py/index.php?page=nomenclatura-y-aranceles | accessed 2026-09-22]

3. Document checklist (literal filenames)

4. Procedure — step sequence

Step #ActionOwnerInput docOutput docDone-when
1Pre-shipment BMS documentation review — confirm CATL or BYD service manual on file (locked title, revision, cover date from §1 recorded), cell chemistry (LFP), balancing method, ΔV tolerance, communication protocol (CAN / RS-485 / Modbus).TradVolt Process EngineerOEM service manual (S4 or S5); PackingList; UN 38.3 test summaryReview note in TVT-CHK-BMS-01Review note signed; OEM (CATL or BYD), SKU, chemistry (LFP), tolerance and protocol recorded; on-file revision matches the locked revision in §1.
2Receiving inspection — visual check of BMS enclosure, connectors, shipping SoC label, and shock indicator; cross-check serial numbers to PackingList and UN 38.3 test summary.TradVolt Warehouse LeadPackingList; UN 38.3 test summary; OEM shipping checklistReceiving line in TVT-CHK-BMS-01All serials reconciled; shock indicator within OEM limit; no transport damage.
3Isolation and safety lock-out — open DC disconnect, verify zero DC voltage on pack terminals with a calibrated multimeter; apply lock-out tag. CATL EnerC rack: respect rack BMS isolation procedure from S4 (Rev. 1.4, 2024-11). BYD HVS/HVM: respect BMU isolation procedure from S5 (Rev. 2.1, 2024-03).TradVolt Safety OfficerCalibrationCert-Multimeter; S4 or S5 isolation sectionLock-out tag and voltage reading logTerminal-to-terminal voltage = 0 V DC, verified by two persons.
4Cell-level voltage measurement — with BMS in standby, read each cell or cell-group voltage through the OEM service port; record values in mV.TradVolt Test TechnicianS4 or S5 (BMS service port); CalibrationCert-MultimeterCell-voltage table in TVT-CHK-BMS-01All cell voltages recorded within 5 minutes of connection; SoC between 30% and 70%.
5Passive balancing verification — command a balance cycle via OEM service tool (CATL EnerC rack BMS or BYD BMU); log balancing current (mA) and duration; verify that the BMS reports balancing activity on cells above the average cell voltage.TradVolt Test TechnicianS4 or S5; OEM service toolBalance cycle log (CSV/PDF)Balancing current matches OEM datasheet ± 10%; affected cells identified.
6Active balancing verification (if equipped) — repeat step 5 using the active-balancing profile; record energy transfer between highest and lowest cell; confirm bidirectional operation where claimed by OEM. Mark N/A for passive-only BMS.TradVolt Test TechnicianS4 or S5Active balance logEnergy transfer logged; no BMS fault flag raised; or step marked N/A.
7Thermal and communication check — read cell temperatures via BMS; verify CAN/RS-485 communication with the top-level controller; log cell-count and pack voltage. Compare against pack voltage window in S4 (CATL EnerC) or S5 (BYD HVS/HVM).TradVolt Test TechnicianS4 or S5Thermal/comm. logAll cell temperatures within OEM window; communication frames received with no error counters.
8Acceptance against ΔV tolerance — compute ΔV = Vmax − Vmin across the pack; compare to OEM-stated tolerance (≤ 30 mV CATL EnerC LFP / ≤ 20 mV BYD HVS/HVM at delivery SoC).TradVolt Process EngineerCell-voltage table; S4 or S5Pass/Fail row in TVT-CHK-BMS-01ΔV within OEM tolerance, or unit placed on hold with NCR raised.
9Sign-off and handover — countersign the completed checklist; release unit to commissioning queue or quarantine for OEM RMA.TradVolt Quality Manager + Project CoordinatorCompleted TVT-CHK-BMS-01; all logsSigned PDF archived under /BMS-Verifications/[ShipmentID]/Two signatures applied; PDF archived; release note sent to Project Coordinator.

5. Timeline and dependencies

PhaseActivityDependencyIndicative duration
Pre-arrivalDocs review (Step 1)CATL or BYD OEM docs received from supplier4 h (indicative)
ReceivingSteps 2–3Goods physically at PY warehouse1 h (indicative)
VerificationSteps 4–7Step 3 complete; instruments calibrated6–8 h (indicative)
DecisionSteps 8–9Verification logs complete2 h (indicative)
Total≈ 48 h (target, indicative)

All durations are indicative and depend on pack size, shipment size, and instrument availability.

6. Acceptance criteria and AQL

7. Duty / HS code block (R5 — required)

FieldValue
Equipment coveredBMS-equipped LFP storage systems: CATL EnerC LFP commercial storage racks/modules and BYD Battery-Box Premium HVS/HVM
Indicative HS code (lithium-ion cells/packs)8507 — PENDING — lookup against the official PY nomenclatura and the CN Customs classification list before each shipment
Indicative HS code (BMS electronics)8537 — PENDING — lookup against the official PY nomenclatura before each shipment
Import duty rate (PY)PENDING — lookup on the official portal below
VAT / IVA (PY)PENDING — lookup on the official portal below
Origin documentationCertificate of Origin per shipment
Official portals
Paraguay — Dirección Nacional de Aduanashttps://www.aduana.gov.py/
Paraguay — Nomenclatura y Aranceleshttps://www.aduana.gov.py/index.php?page=nomenclatura-y-aranceles
China — General Administration of Customshttp://english.customs.gov.cn/

Disclaimer. Duty rates, HS classification, and VAT/IVA are not hardcoded. The values above are placeholders that must be confirmed against the official Paraguay nomenclatura and the importer's tariff advice before each shipment. TradVolt does not provide tax or customs legal advice; final classification and duty assessment are the responsibility of the licensed importer or customs broker.

8. Cost slots (indicative / uncertain)

Cost itemBasisStatus
Receiving inspection labourInternal rate cardindicative
Multimeter calibration fee (if external)Per calibration certificateindicative
Import duties (PY)HS code 8507 / 8537 — PENDING — lookupUNCERTAIN
VAT / IVA (PY)PY nomenclatura — PENDING — lookupUNCERTAIN
Forwarding fees (CN→PY)Per MTD / per Incoterms® 2020 allocationindicative

9. Records and retention

All logs, the signed TVT-CHK-BMS-01, balance CSVs, the calibration certificate, the CATL or BYD OEM service manual revision on file for the shipment (locked in §1), and the UN 38.3 test summary are archived for 7 years under /BMS-Verifications/[ShipmentID]/. Records are available to the OEM and to the project owner on request.

10. RFQ and downloads

AssetFilenameFormatLinkNotes
This SOP — signed copyTVT-PROC-BMS-01_Rev2026-09.pdfPDF (signed)Download via RFQReleased on RFQ confirmation; signed copy returned to requester
Receiving checklistTVT-CHK-BMS-01_Rev2026-09.docxDOCXDownload via RFQEditable form; used per shipment
ΔV tolerance log templateTVT-CHK-BMS-01_Rev2026-09.csvCSV templateDownload via RFQPre-formatted columns matching Step 4 / Step 8 inputs
OEM lock-list (CATL / BYD manual title + rev + cover date)TVT-OEM-LOCK-BMS-01_Rev2026-09.pdfPDFDownload via RFQMirrors §1 lock values; cross-check on receipt

Request Quote — replies in 48h Download SOP + checklist bundle

Document control: owner — TradVolt Process Engineering. Review cycle: annual or upon OEM datasheet revision, whichever is earlier. Last evidence refresh: 2026-09-22.