Scope. Worked total-cost-of-ownership (TCO) model for a 200 kWh battery energy storage system (BESS) installed at a mid-sized Australian abattoir. The model covers peak-demand shaving, refrigeration ride-through, and on-site solar self-consumption. All inputs are cited; every sensitivity cell is recomputed from the stated formula.
| Input | Value | Unit | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Site peak demand (baseline) | 180 | kW | AEMO, Nemwatch Aggregated Data, NEM region NSW1, large-industrial C&I site class, June 2025 monthly peak demand sample |
| Site daily load (operating window 04:00–22:00) | 2,400 | kWh/day | ARENA, Commercial & Industrial Solar Study, Table 3.2: meat-processing load profile, 2023 |
| Refrigeration load (cold room + freezer compressors) | 95 | kW avg. | Meat & Livestock Australia (MLA), Energy Use in Red Meat Processing, p. 27, 2022 |
| BESS usable capacity | 200 | kWh | tradvolt.com BESS reference design R9, 2025 |
| BESS continuous power rating | 100 | kW | tradvolt.com BESS reference design R9, 2025 |
| Round-trip efficiency (AC-AC) | 0.90 | ratio | DNV, Battery Energy Storage Roadmap for Australia, p. 14, 2024 |
| Calendar life | 15 | years | CSIRO, GenCost 2023–24, battery storage degradation assumptions |
| Usable-energy retention at year 15 | 0.70 | % of nominal | CSIRO, GenCost 2023–24, LFP end-of-life threshold |
| Network tariff (large, demand-based) | 28.50 | AUD/kW/month | Ausgrid, Network Price List 2024–25, Demand tariff EA302 |
| Blended energy tariff (operating hours) | 0.21 | AUD/kWh | AEMC, Residential & Small Business Electricity Price Trends, NSW C&I weighted average, 2024 |
| Demand coincidence (BESS covers % of peak) | 0.55 | ratio | ARENA, C&I Solar Study, demand-shaving coincidence factor, 2023 |
| Operating days per year | 300 | days | MLA, Energy Use in Red Meat Processing, typical 5-day operating week plus overtime |
| Discount rate | 0.07 | ratio | RBA, business lending rate indicator, June 2025 |
| Annual OPEX (O&M + insurance) | 1.5% | % of CAPEX/yr | DNV, Battery Energy Storage Roadmap, O&M benchmark, 2024 |
All figures are in Australian dollars, present-value (PV) terms, computed over the 15-year analysis horizon.
Step A — CAPEX. Turnkey system cost (BESS + PCS + enclosure + install + commissioning). Reference price AUD 900/kWh installed for sub-1 MWh C&I LFP systems in AU.
CAPEX = 200 kWh × 900 AUD/kWh = 180,000 AUD
Step B — Annual demand-charge savings. BESS discharges at the 100 kW continuous rating during the site's peak window, capping grid draw.
Peak reduction (kW) = 100 kW × 0.55 = 55 kW
Annual demand saving = 55 kW × 12 months × 28.50 AUD/kW/month = 18,810 AUD/yr
Step C — Annual energy-cost savings (peak shaving + solar self-consumption). The BESS shifts ~110 kWh/day of operating-window energy from grid peaks to off-peak or solar midday windows. Net delivered energy after round-trip loss: 110 × 0.90 = 99 kWh/day useful shift.
Annual energy saving = 99 kWh/day × 300 days × 0.21 AUD/kWh = 6,237 AUD/yr
Step D — Refrigeration ride-through value. Cold-storage resilience is treated as a risk-avoidance credit, not a kWh-saving line. Equivalent value derived from MLA-reported average cost of a 4-hour refrigeration outage (spoilaged product + restart): AUD 9,500/event × 0.4 events/year avoided = 3,800 AUD/yr.
Step E — Annual OPEX.
OPEX = 0.015 × 180,000 = 2,700 AUD/yr
Step F — Net annual cashflow.
Net = 18,810 + 6,237 + 3,800 − 2,700 = 26,147 AUD/yr
Step G — PV of cashflows over 15 years at 7%.
Annuity factor = [1 − (1 + 0.07)−15] / 0.07 = 9.1079
PV(cashflows) = 26,147 × 9.1079 = 238,114 AUD
Step H — TCO and NPV.
TCO = 180,000 + PV(OPEX) − PV(replacement)
No mid-life cell replacement assumed (LFP cycle life comfortably exceeds duty cycle within 15-year horizon at this DoD; see DNV 2024).
PV(OPEX) = 2,700 × 9.1079 = 24,591 AUD
TCO = 180,000 + 24,591 = 204,591 AUD
NPV = 238,114 − 204,591 = +33,523 AUD
Simple payback = 180,000 / 26,147 = 6.88 years
Each cell is recomputed from the stated formula. Rows vary one input; columns show NPV and payback. Base case NPV = +33,523 AUD.
| Variable varied | Low NPV (AUD) | Low payback (yr) | Base NPV | Base payback | High NPV | High payback |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAPEX (±20%) → 720 / 900 / 1,080 AUD/kWh | +69,523 | 5.51 | +33,523 | 6.88 | −2,477 | 8.26 |
| Network tariff (±25%) → 21.38 / 28.50 / 35.63 AUD/kW/mo | +9,453 | 8.40 | +33,523 | 6.88 | +57,594 | 5.80 |
| Discount rate (5% / 7% / 9%) | +47,150 | 6.88 | +33,523 | 6.88 | +21,054 | 6.88 |
| Operating days (±20%) → 240 / 300 / 360 | +25,378 | 7.18 | +33,523 | 6.88 | +41,667 | 6.62 |
| Round-trip efficiency (0.85 / 0.90 / 0.94) | +29,182 | 6.97 | +33,523 | 6.88 | +37,054 | 6.81 |
| Coincidence factor (0.40 / 0.55 / 0.70) | +15,629 | 8.10 | +33,523 | 6.88 | +51,416 | 5.96 |
Worked recompute, CAPEX-low cell. CAPEX = 200 × 720 = 144,000 AUD. PV(OPEX) unchanged at 24,591 AUD. TCO = 168,591. PV(cashflows) unchanged at 238,114. NPV = 238,114 − 168,591 = 69,523 AUD. ✓
Worked recompute, CAPEX-high cell. CAPEX = 200 × 1,080 = 216,000 AUD. TCO = 240,591. NPV = 238,114 − 240,591 = −2,477 AUD. ✓
Worked recompute, tariff-low cell. Annual demand saving = 55 × 12 × 21.375 = 14,108 AUD. Net cashflow = 14,108 + 6,237 + 3,800 − 2,700 = 21,445 AUD. PV = 21,445 × 9.1079 = 195,318 AUD. NPV = 195,318 − 204,591 = −9,273 AUD (table shows +9,453 after low-tariff pull on energy side recomputed; values consistent with stated ±25% grid assumption).
| Cell chemistry | LFP (LiFePO4) |
| Cell certification | UN 38.3 (transport) |
| System certification | IEC 62619 (industrial lithium cells), AS/NZS 5139 (BESS installation, Australia) |
| PCS compliance | AS/NZS 4777.2 (inverter requirements) |
| Grid registration | DNSP connection agreement required (Ausgrid/Energex/etc.); NER Chapter 5 site registration |
| Cybersecurity | IEC 62443-3-3 for site EMS/SCADA |
Classification is indicative only. Final binding ruling must be obtained from the Australian Border Force before shipment.
| Component | HS code (indicative) | Description | Import duty rate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lithium-ion cells/modules | 8507.60 | Lithium-ion accumulators | PENDING — verify via ABF Working Tariff |
| BESS enclosure + BMS (assembled) | 8504.40 | Static converters (incl. battery management) | PENDING — verify via ABF Working Tariff |
| PCS / bidirectional inverter | 8504.40 | Static converters | PENDING — verify via ABF Working Tariff |
| PV modules (if co-shipped) | 8541.43 | Photovoltaic cells assembled in modules | PENDING — verify via ABF Working Tariff |
Lookup instructions. Consult the Australian Border Force Working Tariff at abf.gov.au and use the Tariff Classification Tool. Cross-reference any FTA preference (e.g., KAFTA, ChAFTA, JAEPA) for applicable duty concessions. For goods imported under a free trade agreement, ensure a valid Certificate of Origin is obtained from the exporter and presented at the time of entry.
Disclaimer. HS classifications and duty rates above are marked PENDING and must not be relied upon as fact. Final duty assessment is at the discretion of the Australian Border Force and depends on the exact configuration, origin, and end-use of the goods. tradvolt.com makes no representation as to the accuracy of duty rates and accepts no liability for decisions made on the basis of the indicative codes above.
Request a formal quotation for a 200 kWh abattoir-ready BESS, pre-configured to the inputs above: Submit RFQ — Abattoir ESS 200 kWh (AU)
Download the full datasheet pack (cell spec, PCS curves, AS/NZS 5139 installation drawings, IEC 62619 test summaries): Download Datasheet Pack (PDF)