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Convention Center 2 MWp Solar + BESS — Use-Case & TCO (US)

Verdict (computed, model-locked): A 2,000 kWp DC rooftop PV array plus a 1 MW / 2 MWh BESS retrofit on a US convention center, evaluated over a 25-year horizon at a 7.00% discount rate, returns NPV = USD 1,209,481.81, simple payback = 9.14 years, discounted payback = 14.57 years, and LCOE = USD 0.1222 / kWh. Equipment family: LONGi Hi-MO 5 / Hi-MO 7 series PV modules, Sungrow SG125CX / CX-P2 string inverters, CATL EnerC-plus liquid-cooled LFP BESS. Location class: mid-South / mid-Atlantic US commercial site (180,000 ft² exhibit hall, M–Fri daytime HVAC + lighting peak). Evidence date: 2026-09-22 (scenario model run). Limitation: All tax-equity, customs classification, and tariff inputs are buyer-action items; see Section 6.

Decision Table — Headline Metrics (computed)

MetricValueUnit / Note
CurrencyUSDnominal cash flows
Analysis horizon25years
Discount rate7.00% / yr (WACC, model default)
Total undiscounted cost (life)4,406,085.34USD
Total discounted cost (PV of costs)3,682,771.52USD
Total undiscounted benefit (life)11,224,706.49USD
Total discounted benefit4,892,253.32USD
NPV1,209,481.81USD
IRR0.106410.64 %
Simple payback9.14years
Discounted payback14.57years
LCOE0.1222USD / kWh

1. Equipment Family & Inputs (cited where possible; explicit bounded defaults otherwise)

ParameterValueUnitSource / Status
PV module familyLONGi Hi-MO 5 (LR5-72HBD) / Hi-MO 7 (LR7-72HGD) — bifacial monocrystalline PERC / HPBC—LONGi product catalogue; module name confirmed at RFQ against BOM.
String inverter familySungrow SG125CX / SG125CX-P2 three-phase string inverter (1500 Vdc)—Sungrow product catalogue; firmware and rev confirmed at RFQ.
BESS familyCATL EnerC-plus liquid-cooled LFP container (1 MW / 2 MWh class)—CATL EnerC product line; cell chemistry, C-rate, and UL 9540 / UL 9540A listing confirmed at RFQ.
MountingK2 Systems rail + clamp kit (commercial flat-roof, ballasted or mechanically attached)—K2 Systems catalogue; rail/kit model + installation manual rev confirmed.
DC capacity2,000kWpModel input (sizing assumption).
DC/AC ratio1.20—Model input.
AC nameplate1,667kWacComputed: 2,000 / 1.20.
Specific yield (year 1)1,350kWh / kWp / yrModel input; buyer to re-run NREL PVWatts at exact site coordinates.
Annual DC degradation0.5% / yrModel input.
BESS round-trip efficiency88%Model input.
Self-consumed share70% of generationModel input (load-shape assumption).
Exported share30% of generationBalance.
Blended retail tariff (year 1)0.145USD / kWhModel input; escalates at 2.5 % / yr (Section 6 buyer lookup).
Exported / NEM rate0.095USD / kWhModel input; buyer lookup at state PUC tariff.
Demand charge22.00USD / kW-monthModel input; buyer lookup at utility tariff sheet.
Demand reduction (BESS)600kWModel input.
CapEx — PV modules0.28USD / WpModel input.
CapEx — BoS + EPC (PV)0.78USD / WpModel input.
CapEx — BESS turnkey520USD / kWhModel input.
Inverter replacement (year 15)0.10USD / WacModel input (166,700 USD undiscounted; recompute in Section 3).
OpEx — fixed1.0% of gross CapEx / yrModel input.
Discount rate (WACC)7.0%Model default for C&I commercial credit.
Analysis horizon25yearsModel input.
Inflation (energy tariff)2.5% / yrModel input.
Residual value (explicit bounded default)0.00USDModel default (no salvage credit at horizon end).
Residual value year (explicit bounded default)25yrModel default (applied at horizon end; value = 0).

2. Computed TCO Summary (verbatim from scenario model)

TCO summary
MetricValue
CurrencyUSD
Horizon (years)25
Discount rate7.00 %
Total undiscounted cost (USD)4,406,085.34
Total discounted cost / PV of costs (USD)3,682,771.52
Total undiscounted benefit (USD)11,224,706.49
Total discounted benefit (USD)4,892,253.32
NPV (USD)1,209,481.81
IRR0.1064
Simple payback (year)9.14
Discounted payback (year)14.57
LCOE (USD/kWh)0.1222

3. Year-by-Year Cash Flow (verbatim from scenario model)

Year-by-year cash flow
YearCost (USD)Benefit (USD)Net (USD)Discount factorDiscounted net (USD)Energy (kWh)
03,160,000.000.0000-3,160,000.001.00-3,160,000.000.0000
131,600.00351,000.00319,400.000.9346298,504.672,700,000.00
232,390.00357,976.12325,586.120.8734284,379.532,686,500.00
333,199.75365,090.90331,891.150.8163270,922.042,673,067.50
434,029.74372,347.08338,317.340.7629258,100.682,659,702.16
534,880.49379,747.48344,866.990.7130245,885.402,646,403.65
635,752.50387,294.96351,542.460.6663234,247.592,633,171.63
736,646.31394,992.45358,346.140.6227223,159.962,620,005.78
837,562.47402,842.92365,280.450.5820212,596.552,606,905.75
938,501.53410,849.43372,347.900.5439202,532.582,593,871.22
1039,464.07419,015.06379,550.990.5083192,944.482,580,901.86
1140,450.67427,342.98386,892.310.4751183,809.752,567,997.35
1241,461.94435,836.43394,374.490.4440175,106.992,555,157.37
1342,498.49444,498.67402,000.190.4150166,815.792,542,381.58
1443,560.95453,333.09409,772.140.3878158,916.702,529,669.67
15211,349.97462,343.08250,993.110.362490,971.452,517,021.32
1645,766.22471,532.15425,765.930.3387144,221.652,504,436.22
1746,910.38480,903.85433,993.470.3166137,391.222,491,914.03
1848,083.14490,461.81442,378.680.2959130,883.892,479,454.46
1949,285.22500,209.74450,924.530.2765124,684.392,467,057.19
2050,517.35510,151.41459,634.070.2584118,778.182,454,721.91
2151,780.28520,290.67468,510.390.2415113,151.392,442,448.30
2253,074.79530,631.45477,556.660.2257107,790.832,430,236.06
2354,401.66541,177.75486,776.090.2109102,683.902,418,084.87
2455,761.70551,933.66496,171.960.197197,818.622,405,994.45
2557,155.74562,903.34505,747.600.184293,183.582,393,964.48

Reconciliation note: the year-15 cost spike (USD 211,349.97 vs. ~USD 44,640 baseline) is the inverter-replacement event scheduled at 0.10 USD/Wac on the 1,667 kWac AC nameplate (166,700 USD undiscounted). At a 7.00% discount rate, its discounted contribution is 166,700 / (1.07)15 = 166,700 / 2.7590 ≈ USD 60,420 (R3).

4. Sensitivity (qualitative; computed table above holds for base case)

The computed base case (Section 2) is locked: LCOE = USD 0.1222/kWh, simple payback = 9.14 yr, discounted payback = 14.57 yr. Sensitivity drivers that move the headline figures and that the buyer must re-run in their own workbook:

The COMPUTED TABLES in Sections 2 and 3 are the only computed numbers on this page. Recompute every sensitivity cell from the formulas in the computed workbook before issuing a PO.

5. Cert / Standards Checklist (buyer-action, NOT a compliance assertion)

None of the following lines assert that any specific shipment is certified. Each item is a buyer-side checklist line: confirm issuer + certificate number against the BOM and the EPC at RFQ award.

ScopeStandard (full designation)Issuer (lookup at RFQ)Status
PV module safety qualificationUL 61730-1 Photovoltaic (PV) Module Safety Qualification — Part 1UL ProductDetail pageBuyer-action: request certificate copy + certificate number from module OEM (LONGi).
PV module safety qualification (Part 2)UL 61730-2 Photovoltaic (PV) Module Safety Qualification — Part 2 (test methods)UL ProductDetail (linked from the UL 61730-1 page above)Buyer-action.
PV inverter / interconnectionUL 1741 (incl. CRD for grid support functions); IEEE 1547-2018 interconnection standardUL Standards / IEEE XploreBuyer-action: confirm inverter firmware revision on the Sungrow datasheet (SG125CX / SG125CX-P2 family) supports the AHJ's adopted IEEE 1547-2018 category.
BESS — stationary applicationUL 1973 Batteries for Use in Stationary and Motive Auxiliary Power ApplicationsUL ProductDetail pageBuyer-action.
BESS — system-level + thermal runawayUL 9540 Energy Storage Systems and Equipment / UL 9540A Test Method for Evaluating Thermal Runaway Fire PropagationUL StandardsBuyer-action: request UL 9540A report from CATL for the EnerC-plus SKU.
Installation / commissioningNABCEP PV Installation Professional certification; OSHA 1910.269 (electric power generation, transmission, distribution)NABCEP / OSHABuyer-action: require NABCEP PVIP card numbers in EPC bid response.
EV conductive charging (if NEMA 14-50 / Level-2 chargers are added to the BESS hub)IEC 61851-1:2017 Electric vehicle conductive charging system — Part 1: General requirementsIEC Webstore document pageOptional scope: confirm if chargers are in scope; otherwise N/A.
Lithium battery transportUN Manual of Tests and Criteria, ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.7, §38.3 (UN 38.3 lithium battery provisions)UNECE official page (canonical; bot-walled)Buyer-action: require UN 38.3 test summary from BESS OEM and freight forwarder for any Li-ion shipments.

6. Buyer Lookup Block — HS Codes, Duties, Tariffs, Tax (NOT asserted as fact)

The following lines are lookup paths, not duty or rate assertions. Rates are fact-sensitive by country of origin, FTA, Section 301 status, and binding CBP rulings. Confirm with a licensed customs broker before entry.

ItemSuggested HS heading (lookup only)Duty lookup path
Crystalline silicon PV cells8541.42 — Solar cells, photovoltaicUSITC HTS search; cross-check Section 301 list at CBP.
PV modules (assembled)8541.43 — Solar modules, photovoltaicSame as above; CBP CROSS for binding ruling on BOM.
Li-ion battery cells8507.60 — Lithium-ion accumulatorsUSITC HTS search + CBP.
Li-ion BESS (power-conversion integrated)8504.40 (static converters) / 8507.60 (cells)USITC HTS search; classification depends on integration form.
String inverter8504.40 — Static convertersUSITC HTS search.
Tariff engineering (non-US buyers)EU: TARIC | UK: UK Global Tariff | JP: Japan Customs | AU: ABF | ZA: SARS | GH: GRA | UG: URAVerify destination country HS + duty at the cited official lookup tool.
Battery regulation (EU destination)Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 — EU Battery RegulationEUR-Lex official page.
US federal tax credit (informational; not modelled)Inflation Reduction Act, Internal Revenue Code §48 — Investment Tax Credit (current statutory rate)Statutory text; confirm rate, basis adders (energy community, domestic content), and prevailing-wage/apprenticeship requirements with your tax advisor.
US commercial retail tariffEIA state commercial electricity priceLookup at the EIA state profile; confirm against buyer's utility tariff sheet.
US state NEM / export compensationState PUC net-metering or avoided-cost tariffLookup at the destination state PUC; rates and successor-tariff status (NEM 3.0 etc.) vary.
Incoterms (freight)ICC Incoterms® 2020 rulesICC official page.
Wood packaging (ISPM 15)IPPC ISPM 15 (international standards for phytosanitary measures no. 15)IPPC ISPM list.
Dangerous goods (Li-ion freight)IATA Dangerous Goods RegulationsIATA DGR programme page; freight forwarder must hold a current IATA DGR certification.

7. CTA

Request a sealed RFQ — Convention Center 2 MWp PV + 1 MW / 2 MWh BESS

Disclaimer: Tradvolt publishes models for procurement decision support. Items labelled "buyer-action" or "lookup" must be confirmed by the buyer against site conditions, utility tariff, customs classification, and tax structure. The COMPUTED TABLES in Sections 2 and 3 are the only computed numbers on this page. None of the figures here constitute investment, tax, customs, or engineering advice. Recompute every cell in your own workbook before issuing a PO.