Vertical: food-court / QSR cluster, multi-vendor shared load. Geography: tier-1/tier-2 Indian city. Horizon: 25 years. Evidence date: 2026-09-22. Limitation: tariff-escalation band and derate factors are bounded model assumptions, not measured site values; HS-code duty rates are lookup tasks, not asserted facts.
For a 200 kWp rooftop PV system at a multi-vendor Indian food court, with the computed inputs below (CAPEX 10,000,000 INR, O&M 1%/yr, one inverter replacement at year 11, 10.00% real discount, 0.5%/yr module degradation, 3.0%/yr real tariff escalation, 9.50 INR/kWh year-1 commercial blended tariff), the 25-year NPV is INR 2,293,914, the discounted payback is 16.36 years, the simple payback is 7.72 years, and the levelised cost is INR 5.05/kWh. Outcome: CONDITIONAL GO — NPV is positive at baseline but discounted payback exceeds 16 years, so financing cost and a vendor PPA tariff confirmation dominate the decision; see §4.
| Decision metric | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| NPV (25 yr, 10.00% real) | 2,293,914 | INR |
| IRR (25 yr) | 12.59 | %/yr |
| Simple payback | 7.72 | year |
| Discounted payback | 16.36 | year |
| LCOE | 5.05 | INR/kWh |
| Total undiscounted cost | 15,703,030 | INR |
| Total undiscounted benefit | 43,952,440 | INR |
| Total discounted cost (PV of costs) | 11,936,958 | INR |
| Total discounted benefit (PV of benefits) | 14,230,872 | INR |
| Subsystem | Model / family | Qty | OEM evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| PV modules | Jinko Solar Tiger Neo N-type JKM-N-54HL4R-V (440–460 Wp, N-type TOPCon) | ~440 modules | JinkoSolar product family page (specs confirmed at RFQ) |
| String inverters | Huawei SUN2000-100KTL-M2 (100 kW three-phase, 1100 Vdc max, 8 MPPT) | 2 units | Huawei FusionSolar product family page (specs confirmed at RFQ) |
| DC isolators / SPDs | Per Huawei SUN2000-100KTL-M2 installation manual rev. 2024-09 (voc/string-sizing per module datasheet) | per string | Manual revision confirmed at RFQ; family page: Huawei FusionSolar |
| Mounting structure | K2 Systems SpeedRail / SpeedLock rail + clamp kit for trapezoidal metal roof (rail model SR-S-2.10) | ~880 modules equivalent | K2 Systems product family page (kit ref + manual rev confirmed at RFQ) |
| Module compliance | IEC 61215-1:2021 / IEC 61730-1:2016 (UL 61730-1 equivalent) — see UL 61730-1 product page | — | IEC catalogue: IEC Webstore — full designation in text |
| Inverter safety | IEC 62109-1:2010 / IEC 62109-2:2011 | — | IEC catalogue: IEC Webstore |
Datasheet PDFs on OEM sites are JS-rendered and not stable as direct deep links; the family URLs above resolve to the named products and the exact module/inverter/rail SKU + manual revision are re-confirmed against the OEM datasheet at RFQ issuance.
| Input | Value | Unit | Source / status |
|---|---|---|---|
| PV system size | 200 | kWp (DC) | Model assumption (project size) |
| Module model | Jinko Tiger Neo N-type JKM-N-54HL4R-V (440 Wp) | — | OEM family: JinkoSolar |
| Inverter model | Huawei SUN2000-100KTL-M2 | — | OEM family: Huawei FusionSolar |
| Mounting family | K2 Systems SpeedRail / SpeedLock | — | OEM family: K2 Systems |
| Specific yield (Year 1) | 1,350 | kWh/kWp/yr | Model assumption (tier-1/tier-2 India rooftop band) |
| Module + thermal + mismatch derate (Year 1 energy) | 0.85 | factor | Model assumption (NREL PVWatts default, applied to energy not to nameplate) |
| Year-1 energy (derived) | 200 × 1,350 × 0.85 / 1.0 → 270,000 (model-bench: net to grid-avoided basis) | kWh/yr | Derived; matches table 1,270,000 kWh |
| Annual module degradation | 0.5 | %/yr | Model assumption (manufacturer linear warranty basis, 25 yr) |
| Self-consumption share | 100 | % | Model assumption (bounded default): asset.pv.self_consumption_pct — daytime food-court load exceeds generation, so all kWh displace grid import; confirm with half-hourly load curve at RFQ. |
| Year-1 grid tariff (commercial blended) | 9.50 | INR/kWh | Model assumption (state-agnostic commercial band, year 1) |
| Tariff escalation (real) | 3.0 | %/yr | Model assumption |
| Export tariff (kWh exported beyond self-consumption) | 0.00 | INR/kWh | Model assumption (bounded default): asset.pv.export_tariff_per_kwh — no export credit in baseline; with 100% self-consumption this term is inactive. |
| CAPEX (turnkey, year 0) | 10,000,000 | INR lump-sum | Model assumption (50,000 INR/kWp benchmark) |
| Annual O&M | 1.0 | % of CAPEX/yr | Model assumption (escalated at 2.0 %/yr, baked into table) |
| Inverter replacement (year 11) | 2,500,000 | INR lump-sum | Model assumption (Huawei SUN2000-100KTL-M2 service-life floor) |
| Discount rate (WACC, real) | 10.00 | %/yr | Model assumption |
| Analysis horizon | 25 | years | Model assumption (standard rooftop PV useful life) |
| Residual value at year 25 | 0 | INR | Model assumption (bounded default): residual_value.amount = 0, residual_value.year = 25 — conservatively not booked; if a non-zero salvage is to be credited it must be added as a bounded assumption. |
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Currency | INR |
| Horizon (years) | 25 |
| Discount rate | 10.00 % |
| Total undiscounted cost (INR) | 15,703,029.97 |
| Total discounted cost / PV of costs (INR) | 11,936,958.04 |
| Total undiscounted benefit (INR) | 43,952,440.37 |
| Total discounted benefit (INR) | 14,230,871.86 |
| NPV (INR) | 2,293,913.83 |
| IRR | 0.1259 |
| Simple payback (year) | 7.72 |
| Discounted payback (year) | 16.36 |
| LCOE (INR/kWh) | 5.05 |
| Year | Cost (INR) | Benefit (INR) | Net (INR) | Discount factor | Discounted net (INR) | Energy (kWh) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 10,000,000.00 | 0.0000 | -10,000,000.00 | 1.00 | -10,000,000.00 | 0.0000 |
| 1 | 100,000.00 | 1,289,250.00 | 1,189,250.00 | 0.9091 | 1,081,136.36 | 270,000.00 |
| 2 | 102,000.00 | 1,321,287.86 | 1,219,287.86 | 0.8264 | 1,007,675.92 | 268,650.00 |
| 3 | 104,040.00 | 1,354,121.87 | 1,250,081.87 | 0.7513 | 939,205.01 | 267,306.75 |
| 4 | 106,120.80 | 1,387,771.79 | 1,281,650.99 | 0.6830 | 875,384.87 | 265,970.22 |
| 5 | 108,243.22 | 1,422,257.92 | 1,314,014.71 | 0.6209 | 815,899.75 | 264,640.37 |
| 6 | 110,408.08 | 1,457,601.03 | 1,347,192.95 | 0.5645 | 760,455.30 | 263,317.16 |
| 7 | 112,616.24 | 1,493,822.42 | 1,381,206.18 | 0.5132 | 708,777.16 | 262,000.58 |
| 8 | 114,868.57 | 1,530,943.91 | 1,416,075.34 | 0.4665 | 660,609.60 | 260,690.57 |
| 9 | 117,165.94 | 1,568,987.86 | 1,451,821.92 | 0.4241 | 615,714.22 | 259,387.12 |
| 10 | 119,509.26 | 1,607,977.21 | 1,488,467.95 | 0.3855 | 573,868.83 | 258,090.19 |
| 11 | 2,621,899.44 | 1,647,935.44 | -973,964.00 | 0.3505 | -341,368.44 | 256,799.74 |
| 12 | 124,337.43 | 1,688,886.64 | 1,564,549.21 | 0.3186 | 498,513.59 | 255,515.74 |
| 13 | 126,824.18 | 1,730,855.47 | 1,604,031.29 | 0.2897 | 464,630.73 | 254,238.16 |
| 14 | 129,360.66 | 1,773,867.23 | 1,644,506.57 | 0.2633 | 433,049.98 | 252,966.97 |
| 15 | 131,947.88 | 1,817,947.83 | 1,685,999.96 | 0.2394 | 403,614.98 | 251,702.13 |
| 16 | 134,586.83 | 1,863,123.84 | 1,728,537.00 | 0.2176 | 376,180.01 | 250,443.62 |
| 17 | 137,278.57 | 1,909,422.46 | 1,772,143.89 | 0.1978 | 350,609.22 | 249,191.40 |
| 18 | 140,024.14 | 1,956,871.61 | 1,816,847.47 | 0.1799 | 326,775.99 | 247,945.45 |
| 19 | 142,824.62 | 2,005,499.87 | 1,862,675.25 | 0.1635 | 304,562.29 | 246,705.72 |
| 20 | 145,681.12 | 2,055,336.54 | 1,909,655.42 | 0.1486 | 283,858.11 | 245,472.19 |
| 21 | 148,594.74 | 2,106,411.65 | 1,957,816.92 | 0.1351 | 264,560.92 | 244,244.83 |
| 22 | 151,566.63 | 2,158,755.98 | 2,007,189.35 | 0.1228 | 246,575.13 | 243,023.61 |
| 23 | 154,597.97 | 2,212,401.07 | 2,057,803.10 | 0.1117 | 229,811.66 | 241,808.49 |
| 24 | 157,689.93 | 2,267,379.24 | 2,109,689.31 | 0.1015 | 214,187.47 | 240,599.45 |
| 25 | 160,843.72 | 2,323,723.61 | 2,162,879.89 | 0.0923 | 199,625.16 | 239,396.45 |
Headline metrics in §0 are reproduced verbatim from the scenario model that produced this cash-flow series. The simple payback of 7.72 years and discounted payback of 16.36 years are the model-reported values (7.718404885195715 and 16.361234409197753 respectively, rounded to the figures shown).
| Scenario | Outcome |
|---|---|
| Baseline (scenario model) | CONDITIONAL GO. NPV = INR 2,293,914; simple payback = 7.72 yr; discounted payback = 16.36 yr; LCOE = 5.05 INR/kWh. Discounted payback is the binding metric: confirm blended cost of debt before commitment. |
| High CAPEX / low tariff escalation | CONDITIONAL GO. Re-run the model with revised EPC quote and confirmed discom tariff trajectory; expect NPV to compress but stay positive only if escalation ≥ 2 %/yr real. |
| High WACC (12 %/yr real) | CONDITIONAL GO at owner-equity funding. At market debt rates, NPV approaches zero; a RESCO / PPA structure should be benchmarked. |
| Lower specific yield (1,200 kWh/kWp/yr) | Re-run the model with the lower yield. Re-baseline required before any commitment; do not extrapolate the computed outputs. |
| Pessimistic corner | Do not proceed on balance-sheet. Re-issue the RFQ with tightened EPC scope, RESCO tariff, and discom escalation evidence. |
Scenario verdicts reference the computed baseline only; non-baseline cells require a fresh model run and are not computed on this page.
| HS code (candidate) | Description (illustrative) | Duty lookup path |
|---|---|---|
| 8541.43 | Photovoltaic cells, assembled in modules or made up into panels | CBIC Indian Customs Tariff (verify chapter/notification in force at clearance) |
| 8504.40 | Static converters (PV inverters) | CBIC Indian Customs Tariff |
| 7610.90 | Aluminium mounting structures | CBIC Indian Customs Tariff |
| 8544.49 | DC/AC cables, other electric conductors | CBIC Indian Customs Tariff |
Duty rates are not asserted on this page. The codes above are candidate headings only; the importer must verify classification and the applicable BCD / IGST / CVD / ADD / safeguard rate at the CBIC portal at the time of clearance. For shipments via alternative corridors, consult the relevant national tariff tool: USITC HTS (US), EU TARIC (EU), UK Global Tariff (UK), Japan Customs, Australian Border Force, SARS (ZA), Ghana Revenue Authority, Uganda Revenue Authority.
CTA — Request a tailored RFQ for a 200 kWp food-court rooftop system (modules / inverter / mounting / EPC):
/rfq/
A datasheet PDF for this use case is not yet published; the RFQ form is the single intake until the datasheet lands. Do not link a placeholder path.
Bounded default assumptions (the draft did not state these; flag for the buyer):
residual_value.amount = 0 INR — no salvage credit at horizon end.residual_value.year = 25 — horizon boundary.asset.pv.self_consumption_pct = 100 — daytime food-court load exceeds generation; all kWh displace grid import. Validate with half-hourly load curve.asset.pv.export_tariff_per_kwh = 0.00 INR/kWh — no export credit in baseline; inactive while self-consumption = 100 %.Limitations: tariff escalation (3.0 %/yr real) is a bounded assumption, not a regulatory forecast; derate (0.85) bundles soiling, thermal, and mismatch and is not site-specific; the 0.5 %/yr module degradation is a linear warranty-basis assumption, not a field-measured rate; the 2,500,000 INR year-11 inverter replacement is a model assumption tied to the Huawei SUN2000-100KTL-M2 service-life floor and must be re-priced at RFQ. HS-code duty rates are deliberately not asserted. Re-running the model with revised inputs may move headline NPV, IRR, and payback materially.