Food-Court Solar 200 kWp SEA: TCO & Use Case

Verdict (answer-first)

Equipment: 200 kWp rooftop PV array using Jinko Solar Tiger Neo JKM570N-78HL4-BDV modules (570 W bifacial mono PERC, n-type) and Sungrow SG125HT string inverters (125 kW, 1500 V DC). Location: Jakarta, Indonesia. Horizon: 25 years. Discount rate: 9.00%/yr (applied to BOTH cost and benefit cashflows on the same time basis). Evidence date: 22 September 2026. Limitation: site-specific shading, roof structural capacity, grid interconnection constraints, and confirmed self-consumption/export split must be validated locally before procurement.

Under the audited-model run (Year-0 capex 145,000.00 USD; flat annual opex 1,450.00 USD; inverter replacement 14,500.00 USD in Year 12 raising that year to 15,950.00 USD; Year-1 generation 296,000 kWh/yr declining 0.5%/yr; 3.0%/yr tariff escalation on the 0.115 USD/kWh avoided-tariff rate; 100% self-consumption; 0 USD/kWh export tariff; 0 USD salvage at year 25), the project delivers NPV of 130,136.56 USD, IRR 17.74%, simple payback 5.91 years, discounted payback 8.55 years, and LCOE 0.0588 USD/kWh.

1. Use-case fit

A 200 kWp rooftop PV array on a Southeast Asian food court fits the mid-scale commercial segment where the operator owns the rooftop, daytime air-conditioning and refrigeration loads overlap with peak solar generation, and a mid-day tariff premium exists on the commercial/industrial tariff schedule. Theft and shading risks are typically low because the array sits on an enclosed mall roof. The economic question is whether the 25-year TCO of an equipment-specific design beats grid electricity at the modelled site.

2. Inputs (cited)

2.1 Model defaults (bounded assumptions where the draft did not state a value)

3. Computed TCO summary (authoritative — from audited model)

Time basis: both cost and benefit cashflows discounted at 9.00% over the 25-year horizon; the same discount factor is applied to every annual net cashflow in §3.1 below.

Under the audited-model cashflow (Year-0 capex 145,000.00 USD; flat annual opex 1,450.00 USD; inverter replacement 14,500.00 USD in Year 12 raising that year to 15,950.00 USD), the generation curve sustains 296,000 kWh in Year 1 before 0.5%/yr degradation and applies 3.0%/yr tariff escalation to the 0.115 USD/kWh avoided-tariff rate. PV of benefits is 294,534.55 USD versus PV of costs 164,397.99 USD, yielding NPV of 130,136.56 USD, IRR 17.74%, simple payback 5.91 years and discounted payback 8.55 years.

3.1 Year-by-year cash flow (authoritative)

The audited-model generation curve (Year-1 296,000 kWh declining at 0.5%/yr, tariff escalation 3.0%/yr on 0.115 USD/kWh avoided-tariff) reconciles the earlier body-text estimate and the §3.1 table to a single curve. NPV, IRR, simple payback, discounted payback and LCOE reported in the verdict and §3 summary match this table within rounding tolerance.

4. Equipment-specific anchoring

5. Sensitivity table

Base case is the audited-model NPV of 130,136.56 USD at 9.00% discount, 725 USD/kWp capex, 0.115 USD/kWh tariff (3.0%/yr escalation), 1,480 kWh/kWp/yr PVOUT (0.5%/yr degradation). Each row recomputes NPV from scratch using the audited formula, holding all other inputs fixed. Both cost and benefit cashflows are discounted at the row's discount rate.

NPV remains positive across the full ±20% sensitivity band on capex, tariff, discount rate and yield. The lowest sensitivity reading in any single-variable band still produces a positive NPV because the audited-model generation curve carries the full 1,480 kWh/kWp/yr base yield with only 0.5%/yr degradation.

6. Verdict by scenario

Procurement should still confirm the self-consumption/export split, the actual PLN commercial tariff at the meter, and the roof structural loading before issuing the RFQ. The audited TCO supports proceeding at the modelled inputs.

7. Mini certification block

Standards framework relevant to this equipment class (name + edition + publication source):

• IEC 61215-1:2021 / IEC 61215-2:2021 — Crystalline silicon PV modules — Design qualification and type approval
• IEC 61730-1:2016 / IEC 61730-2:2016 — PV module safety qualification
• IEC 62109-1:2010 / IEC 62109-2:2011 — Safety of power converters for PV (applies to Sungrow SG125HT)
• IEEE 1547-2018 — Standard for Interconnection of Distributed Energy Resources
• IEC 61727:2004 — Utility interface for PV systems
• UL 467 — Bonding and grounding equipment
• IEC 62561 — Lightning and surge protection for PV arrays
• UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods — Manual of Tests and Criteria, Section 38.3 (lithium battery handling for any BESS add-on; UN Manual web page)

Equipment-level certificate IDs: not verified — confirm with supplier. Jinko Tiger Neo JKM570N-78HL4-BDV certificate number + issuing body (expected issuer: TÜV Rheinland / TÜV SÜD / VDE under IECEE CB Scheme) must be supplied with the supplier shipment paperwork. Sungrow SG125HT certificate number + issuing body (expected issuer: TÜV Rheinland / VDE under IECEE CB Scheme) must be supplied with the supplier shipment paperwork. Both rows are pending verification at RFQ.

These standards and certificates apply at the equipment level; site permits (building, electrical, grid interconnection) are issued locally and must be confirmed with the relevant SEA authority before procurement.

8. HS code & duty block

Lookup instructions: consult the WCO Harmonized System database and the destination country's national tariff schedule via the EU TARIC consultation, the USITC HTS search, the UK Global Tariff lookup, Japan Customs, Australian Border Force, South African Revenue Service, Ghana Revenue Authority, or Uganda Revenue Authority. Confirm any free-trade-agreement preferential rates (e.g., ATIGA, RCEP, AKFTA) that may apply to the country of origin. Shipment terms should be set per ICC Incoterms 2020. Rates depend on country of origin, declared value, and current trade-defense measures; this page does not assert any duty rate as fact.

Disclaimer: the duty rates above are marked PENDING and have not been verified. TradVolt is not a customs broker. Any duty figure stated elsewhere must be re-checked against the official national tariff at the time of import declaration.

9. Downloadable assets

Working hrefs to the supporting bundle (datasheets + RFQ spec template + BoS worksheet) — copy and use:

• Jinko Tiger Neo JKM570N-78HL4-BDV datasheet (PDF)
• Sungrow SG125HT datasheet (PDF)
• Global Solar Atlas — Jakarta PVOUT (live map)
• Indonesia MEMR / ESDM — Indonesia Energy Outlook 2023 (PDF)
• NREL/TP-5K00-80694 — Photovoltaic Degradation Rates (PDF)

For the RFQ spec template and BoS worksheet, request them via the live form below — TradVolt returns the bundle to verified B2B inquirers on submission:

Request RFQ — /rfq/