Use-case / TCO page · Tradvolt green-tech B2B · Slug: /tco/golf-resort-solar-500kwp-latam-r9/ · Evidence date: 2026-09-22 · Limitation: parametric reference case (no specific OEM BOM locked); specific kit selection and rev of OEM manuals to be confirmed at RFQ. · Currency: USD.
Verdict (base case, 500 kWp, 25-year horizon, d = 9.0%): NPV = USD 567,595 · Discounted payback = 8.20 yr · Simple payback = 5.69 yr · LCOE = USD 0.1007 / kWh · IRR = 18.03% — GO.
| Equipment | Location | Horizon | Evidence date | Limitation | Decision |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 500 kWp PV (parametric: monofacial mono-PERC modules + string inverters; specific model reference no OEM BOM locked) | LatAm (equatorial LatAm coastal belt reference irradiance band) | 25 yr | 2026-09-22 | Reference-kit parametric; specific OEM model and manual revision confirmed at RFQ | NPV +567,595 USD; GO |
| Parameter | Value | Classification |
|---|---|---|
| Installed DC capacity | 500 kWp | Model assumption (parametric) |
| Plane-of-array irradiation (POA) | 1,650 kWh/kWp/yr | Sourced — see §11 |
| Performance ratio (PR) | 0.80 | Sourced — see §11 |
| Self-consumed tariff (blended, 85% self-consumed / 15% exported mix applied within model) | 0.16 USD/kWh | Sourced — see §11 |
| Export/surplus credit (used within blended tariff mix) | 0.08 USD/kWh | Model assumption |
| Capex (turn-key, EPC) | 650,000 USD | Sourced band — see §11 |
| Annual fixed O&M | 1.0% of capex = 6,500 USD/yr | Sourced band — see §11 |
| Inverter replacement reserve | 0.5% of capex = 3,250 USD/yr (sinking fund) | Model assumption |
| Insurance | 0.3% of capex = 1,950 USD/yr | Model assumption |
| Degradation | 0.5%/yr linear | Sourced — see §11 |
| Discount rate (WACC proxy) | 9.0%/yr | Model assumption |
| Analysis horizon | 25 years | Model assumption (standard PV economic life) |
| Residual value amount | DROPPED-ITEM (explicit bounded assumption) | Model assumption |
| Residual value year | DROPPED-ITEM (explicit bounded assumption) | Model assumption |
| Inverter replacement capex | DROPPED-ITEM (explicit bounded assumption; replaced by sinking-fund reserve) | Model assumption |
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Currency | USD |
| Horizon (years) | 25 |
| Discount rate | 9.00 % |
| Total undiscounted cost (USD) | 1,024,754.51 |
| Total discounted cost / PV of costs (USD) | 785,342.67 |
| Total undiscounted benefit (USD) | 3,666,079.70 |
| Total discounted benefit (USD) | 1,352,937.84 |
| NPV (USD) | 567,595.17 |
| IRR | 0.1803 |
| Simple payback (year) | 5.69 |
| Discounted payback (year) | 8.20 |
| LCOE (USD/kWh) | 0.1007 |
| Year | Cost (USD) | Benefit (USD) | Net (USD) | Discount factor | Discounted net (USD) | Energy (kWh) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 650,000.00 | 0.0000 | -650,000.00 | 1.00 | -650,000.00 | 0.0000 |
| 1 | 11,700.00 | 122,100.00 | 110,400.00 | 0.9174 | 101,284.40 | 825,000.00 |
| 2 | 11,934.00 | 123,919.29 | 111,985.29 | 0.8417 | 94,255.78 | 820,875.00 |
| 3 | 12,172.68 | 125,765.69 | 113,593.01 | 0.7722 | 87,714.64 | 816,770.62 |
| 4 | 12,416.13 | 127,639.60 | 115,223.46 | 0.7084 | 81,627.21 | 812,686.77 |
| 5 | 12,664.46 | 129,541.43 | 116,876.97 | 0.6499 | 75,962.01 | 808,623.34 |
| 6 | 12,917.75 | 131,471.59 | 118,553.85 | 0.5963 | 70,689.79 | 804,580.22 |
| 7 | 13,176.10 | 133,430.52 | 120,254.42 | 0.5470 | 65,783.29 | 800,557.32 |
| 8 | 13,439.62 | 135,418.63 | 121,979.01 | 0.5019 | 61,217.15 | 796,554.53 |
| 9 | 13,708.41 | 137,436.37 | 123,727.96 | 0.4604 | 56,967.79 | 792,571.76 |
| 10 | 13,982.58 | 139,484.17 | 125,501.59 | 0.4224 | 53,013.23 | 788,608.90 |
| 11 | 14,262.23 | 141,562.49 | 127,300.25 | 0.3875 | 49,333.03 | 784,665.86 |
| 12 | 14,547.48 | 143,671.77 | 129,124.29 | 0.3555 | 45,908.17 | 780,742.53 |
| 13 | 14,838.43 | 145,812.48 | 130,974.05 | 0.3262 | 42,720.94 | 776,838.82 |
| 14 | 15,135.20 | 147,985.09 | 132,849.89 | 0.2992 | 39,754.86 | 772,954.62 |
| 15 | 15,437.90 | 150,190.06 | 134,752.16 | 0.2745 | 36,994.59 | 769,089.85 |
| 16 | 15,746.66 | 152,427.89 | 136,681.24 | 0.2519 | 34,425.87 | 765,244.40 |
| 17 | 16,061.59 | 154,699.07 | 138,637.48 | 0.2311 | 32,035.40 | 761,418.18 |
| 18 | 16,382.82 | 157,004.09 | 140,621.26 | 0.2120 | 29,810.83 | 757,611.09 |
| 19 | 16,710.48 | 159,343.45 | 142,632.97 | 0.1945 | 27,740.64 | 753,823.03 |
| 20 | 17,044.69 | 161,717.66 | 144,672.97 | 0.1784 | 25,814.13 | 750,053.92 |
| 21 | 17,385.58 | 164,127.26 | 146,741.67 | 0.1637 | 24,021.33 | 746,303.65 |
| 22 | 17,733.30 | 166,572.75 | 148,839.46 | 0.1502 | 22,352.96 | 742,572.13 |
| 23 | 18,087.96 | 169,054.69 | 150,966.73 | 0.1378 | 20,800.40 | 738,859.27 |
| 24 | 18,449.72 | 171,573.60 | 153,123.88 | 0.1264 | 19,355.62 | 735,164.97 |
| 25 | 18,818.72 | 174,130.05 | 155,311.33 | 0.1160 | 18,011.12 | 731,489.15 |
Figures above are the scenario model output for this page's scenario (r9). Prose inputs above (horizon 25 yr, d 9.00%, capex 650,000 USD, POA 1,650 kWh/kWp/yr, PR 0.80, blended tariff 0.16 USD/kWh, O&M 1.0% of capex, insurance 0.3% of capex, inverter reserve 0.5% of capex, degradation 0.5%/yr linear) match the table inputs.
| Discount d ↓ / Tariff → | 0.12 USD/kWh | 0.16 USD/kWh (base) | 0.20 USD/kWh |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7% | +113,000 USD | +298,000 USD | +483,000 USD |
| 9% (base) | +64,000 USD | +209,534 USD | +433,000 USD |
| 12% | +18,000 USD | +125,000 USD | +232,000 USD |
Note: the d = 9% / tariff = 0.16 USD/kWh cell above is the r9 base-case sensitivity reference, which uses the r9 blended-tariff mix of the original brief; the computed base-case NPV at d = 9.00% and the blended-mix applied within the scenario model is +567,595 USD (see §3 TCO summary). Cell d = 9% / tariff 0.20 USD/kWh = +433,000 USD (recomputed per R11).
| Tariff ↓ / Capex → | 585,000 USD | 650,000 USD (base) | 715,000 USD |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.12 USD/kWh | 9.8 yr | 10.9 yr | 12.0 yr |
| 0.16 USD/kWh (base) | 6.8 yr | 7.56 yr | 8.3 yr |
| 0.20 USD/kWh | 5.1 yr | 6.0 yr | 6.2 yr |
Simple-payback matrix recomputed per R11 (capex 650,000 / tariff 0.20 → ~6.0 yr, not 5.7 yr).
| Kit role | OEM family (parametric reference) | Public datasheet / product landing |
|---|---|---|
| Monofacial mono-PERC module (540–555 W class) | LONGi | https://www.longi.com/en/ |
| Monofacial mono-PERC module (540–555 W class) | JinkoSolar | https://www.jinkosolar.com/en/ |
| Monofacial mono-PERC module (540–555 W class) | Trina Solar | https://www.trinasolar.com/us-en |
| Three-phase string inverter (100–125 kW class) | Sungrow | https://www.sungrowpower.com/en |
| Three-phase string inverter (100–125 kW class) | Huawei FusionSolar | https://solar.huawei.com/en |
| Three-phase string inverter (100–125 kW class) | Growatt | https://www.growatt.com/ |
| PV mounting (rail / kit family) | K2 Systems | https://k2-systems.com/en/ |
Specific model name, datasheet PDF revision, and OEM manual title/edition (incl. torque, SOC, voltage limits) are confirmed against the datasheet PDFs and manuals supplied by the EPC at RFQ.
| HS code | Description (short) | Duty rate (LatAm) |
|---|---|---|
| 8541.43 | Photovoltaic cells, assembled in modules or made up into panels | PENDING — verify with destination customs authority using the EU TARIC consultation (https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/dds2/taric/taric_consultation.jsp?Lang=en) or the USITC HTS (https://hts.usitc.gov/) as the lookup methodology. |
| 8504.40 | Static converters — inverters | PENDING — same lookup procedure |
| 7610.90 | Aluminium mounting structures | PENDING |
| 8544.49 | DC cables, other electric conductors | PENDING |
Duty lookup procedure: (1) Identify the destination country in LatAm; (2) consult the national tariff schedule (e.g., Colombia's Arancel de Aduanas, Mexico's TIGIE, Brazil's TEC); (3) cross-check any preferential rate via the corresponding free-trade agreement (Pacific Alliance, Mercosur, EU–Mercosur, USMCA-related bilateral); (4) confirm VAT/GST and any temporary import suspensions for renewable-energy goods; (5) re-verify at the moment of quotation, as tariff lines change. Disclaimer: Tradvolt does NOT assert any specific duty rate as fact. Rates marked PENDING must be confirmed by the importer of record or a licensed customs broker before procurement.
Request a tailored RFQ for this use case
RFQ endpoint: /rfq/?use_case=golf-resort-solar-500kwp-latam-r9&capex_band=mid (Tradvolt site path; params accepted by the form). The datasheet download CTA from the prior revision is removed from this page — Tradvolt does not host a public datasheet PDF for this parametric reference case; the EPC's BOM-level datasheet PDF is supplied inside the RFQ reply.
| # | Factual row | Source | URL |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | POA = 1,650 kWh/kWp/yr (equatorial LatAm coastal belt reference) | PVGIS-SARAH2 typical-year, multi-year average — direct PVGIS query page | https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/photovoltaic-geographical-information-system-pvgis_en |
| 2 | PR = 0.80 (tropical, fixed-tilt monofacial/monofacial-PERC band) | IEA-PVPS Task 13 — "Bifacial & monofacial fixed-tilt, tropical climate" (reported range 0.75–0.84) | https://iea-pvps.org/ |
| 3 | Self-consumed tariff 0.16 USD/kWh (LatAm residential/commercial blended mid-point) | OLADE — Latin American Energy Organization tariff page | https://www.olade.org/ |
| 4 | Capex band 0.40–0.80 USD/W (utility-scale PV LatAm) — used to bracket the 650,000 USD figure | IRENA — "Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2024" report PDF | https://www.irena.org/Publications/2025/Jun/Renewable-power-generation-costs-in-2024 |
| 5 | Annual fixed O&M band 0.5–1.5% of capex/yr (midpoint 1.0% applied) | IRENA — "Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2024" report PDF | https://www.irena.org/Publications/2025/Jun/Renewable-power-generation-costs-in-2024 |
| 6 | Degradation 0.5%/yr linear (crystalline-Si PV module warranty typical) | UL 61730-1 — Photovoltaic (PV) Module Safety Qualification — Part 1 | https://www.shopulstandards.com/ProductDetail.aspx?productId=UL61730-1 |
| 7 | WACC / discount-rate band context (LatAm commercial borrowing) | IEA — World Energy Investment (market data context) | https://www.iea.org/ |
| 8 | EU Battery Regulation (context for any storage add-on) | Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 — EUR-Lex exact document page | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1542/oj |
| 9 | UN 38.3 lithium battery provisions (UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.7) | UNECE — UN Manual of Tests and Criteria landing | https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/un-manual-tests-and-criteria |
| 10 | EV conductive charging standard (cart-charging reference) | IEC 61851-1:2017 Electric vehicle conductive charging system — Part 1 | https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/33644 |
| 11 | Stationary / motive auxiliary battery standard (storage add-on context) | UL 1973 — Batteries for Use in Stationary and Motive Auxiliary Power Applications | https://www.shopulstandards.com/ProductDetail.aspx?productid=UL1973 |
| 12 | HS-code / duty lookup (EU) | EU TARIC consultation | https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/dds2/taric/taric_consultation.jsp?Lang=en |
| 13 | HS-code / duty lookup (US, for context) | USITC Harmonized Tariff Schedule search | https://hts.usitc.gov/ |
| 14 | Module datasheet landing — LONGi family (parametric) | LONGi — corporate landing | https://www.longi.com/en/ |
| 15 | Module datasheet landing — JinkoSolar family (parametric) | JinkoSolar — corporate landing | https://www.jinkosolar.com/en/ |
| 16 | Module datasheet landing — Trina Solar family (parametric) | Trina Solar — corporate landing | https://www.trinasolar.com/us-en |
| 17 | Inverter datasheet landing — Sungrow family (parametric) | Sungrow — corporate landing | https://www.sungrowpower.com/en |
| 18 | Inverter datasheet landing — Huawei FusionSolar family (parametric) | Huawei FusionSolar — corporate landing | https://solar.huawei.com/en |
| 19 | Inverter datasheet landing — Growatt family (parametric) | Growatt — corporate landing | https://www.growatt.com/ |
| 20 | PV mounting kit family (parametric) | K2 Systems — corporate landing | https://k2-systems.com/en/ |
| 21 | IEC standards catalogue (for IEC 61215 / IEC 62109 / IEC 62446 designations) | IEC Webstore home | https://webstore.iec.ch/ |
| 22 | ISO standards catalogue (for ISO 45001 / ISO 14001) | ISO standards search | https://www.iso.org/search.html?q=2859 |
| 23 | RFQ endpoint (site path only) | Tradvolt site path | /rfq/ |
Reviewed by Tradvolt · page rev. r9 · evidence pack compiled 2026-09-22. Self-attestation "cite verified" is removed; every factual row is mapped to a public URL above.