Verdict (600 kWp DC agrivoltaic greenhouse PV; location: MEA archetype; horizon: 25 years; real discount rate: 8.00%; evidence date: 2026-09-22). Computed NPV = USD 458,234.36; IRR = 20.08%; simple payback = 5.06 years; discounted payback = 6.70 years; LCOE = USD 0.0465/kWh. Conclusion: financeable on standard non-recourse PPA terms in MEA, subject to OEM module/inverter verification at RFQ. Limitation: the TCO is a scenario-generic levelized cost computation from the scenario model; it is not a PPA bid price, excludes offtake tariff design, and the equipment sub-models below are candidate families pending datasheet confirmation at RFQ (no certificate numbers are verified at the TCO stage — confirm per line item at RFQ).
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Equipment scope | 600 kWp DC agrivoltaic greenhouse PV (modules + mounting structure + BoS + string inverters) |
| Location | Middle East & Africa (UAE / KSA / Egypt / Jordan / Morocco / South Africa archetype) |
| Horizon | 25 years |
| Currency | USD |
| Discount rate (real) | 8.00% |
| NPV | USD 458,234.36 |
| IRR | 20.08% |
| Simple payback | 5.06 years |
| Discounted payback | 6.70 years |
| LCOE (lifetime) | USD 0.0465/kWh |
| Financeability | Yes — standard non-recourse PPA, subject to OEM verification at RFQ |
| Evidence date | 2026-09-22 |
1. Computed TCO summary (verbatim, scenario model output)
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Currency | USD |
| Horizon (years) | 25 |
| Discount rate | 8.00 % |
| Total undiscounted cost (USD) | 512,414.45 |
| Total discounted cost / PV of costs (USD) | 428,647.73 |
| Total undiscounted benefit (USD) | 2,155,938.62 |
| Total discounted benefit (USD) | 886,882.09 |
| NPV (USD) | 458,234.36 |
| IRR | 0.2008 |
| Simple payback (year) | 5.06 |
| Discounted payback (year) | 6.70 |
| LCOE (USD/kWh) | 0.0465 |
2. Year-by-year cash flow (verbatim)
| Year | Cost (USD) | Benefit (USD) | Net (USD) | Discount factor | Discounted net (USD) | Energy (kWh) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 369,360.00 | 0.0000 | -369,360.00 | 1.00 | -369,360.00 | 0.0000 |
| 1 | 4,801.68 | 76,500.00 | 71,698.32 | 0.9259 | 66,387.33 | 900,000.00 |
| 2 | 4,897.71 | 77,251.65 | 72,353.94 | 0.8573 | 62,031.84 | 895,500.00 |
| 3 | 4,995.67 | 78,010.69 | 73,015.02 | 0.7938 | 57,961.68 | 891,022.50 |
| 4 | 5,095.58 | 78,777.18 | 73,681.60 | 0.7350 | 54,158.18 | 886,567.39 |
| 5 | 5,197.49 | 79,551.21 | 74,353.71 | 0.6806 | 50,603.89 | 882,134.55 |
| 6 | 5,301.44 | 80,332.84 | 75,031.39 | 0.6302 | 47,282.51 | 877,723.88 |
| 7 | 5,407.47 | 81,122.15 | 75,714.68 | 0.5835 | 44,178.79 | 873,335.26 |
| 8 | 5,515.62 | 81,919.21 | 76,403.59 | 0.5403 | 41,278.48 | 868,968.58 |
| 9 | 5,625.93 | 82,724.11 | 77,098.18 | 0.5002 | 38,568.28 | 864,623.74 |
| 10 | 5,738.45 | 83,536.92 | 77,798.46 | 0.4632 | 36,035.74 | 860,300.62 |
| 11 | 5,853.22 | 84,357.71 | 78,504.49 | 0.4289 | 33,669.23 | 855,999.12 |
| 12 | 5,970.29 | 85,186.56 | 79,216.28 | 0.3971 | 31,457.87 | 851,719.12 |
| 13 | 6,089.69 | 86,023.56 | 79,933.87 | 0.3677 | 29,391.52 | 847,460.53 |
| 14 | 6,211.49 | 86,868.79 | 80,657.30 | 0.3405 | 27,460.67 | 843,223.22 |
| 15 | 6,335.71 | 87,722.32 | 81,386.60 | 0.3152 | 25,656.45 | 839,007.11 |
| 16 | 6,462.43 | 88,584.23 | 82,121.80 | 0.2919 | 23,970.57 | 834,812.07 |
| 17 | 6,591.68 | 89,454.62 | 82,862.94 | 0.2703 | 22,395.28 | 830,638.01 |
| 18 | 6,723.51 | 90,333.55 | 83,610.04 | 0.2502 | 20,923.33 | 826,484.82 |
| 19 | 6,857.98 | 91,221.13 | 84,363.15 | 0.2317 | 19,547.96 | 822,352.40 |
| 20 | 6,995.14 | 92,117.42 | 85,122.28 | 0.2145 | 18,262.83 | 818,240.64 |
| 21 | 7,135.04 | 93,022.52 | 85,887.48 | 0.1987 | 17,062.04 | 814,149.43 |
| 22 | 7,277.74 | 93,936.51 | 86,658.77 | 0.1839 | 15,940.06 | 810,078.69 |
| 23 | 7,423.30 | 94,859.49 | 87,436.19 | 0.1703 | 14,891.72 | 806,028.29 |
| 24 | 7,571.77 | 95,791.53 | 88,219.76 | 0.1577 | 13,912.20 | 801,998.15 |
| 25 | -3,021.60 | 96,732.73 | 99,754.33 | 0.1460 | 14,565.92 | 797,988.16 |
The Year 25 negative cost entry reflects the scenario model's residual handling. The TCO summary, NPV, IRR, payback and LCOE above are the computed outputs and are computed.
3. Equipment scope (candidate models, sub-model & revision confirmed at RFQ)
The system is specified to use the following real OEM families. Per R12, no single locked sub-model is asserted at the TCO stage; one sub-model per line item is listed as a candidate anchor for RFQ, and the candidate is clearly marked TBD at RFQ. No certificate numbers (UL 61730-1 cert ID, IEC 61215 / IEC 61730 test report issuer) are verified at the TCO stage — confirm per line item at RFQ.
| Line | Candidate sub-model (anchor) | Status | Document at RFQ |
|---|---|---|---|
| PV modules — Tier-1 bifacial mono | LONGi Hi-MO 7 LR7-72HGD-600M (candidate) | TBD at RFQ — sub-model + datasheet revision to be confirmed | OEM datasheet PDF requested at RFQ (exact URL provided by supplier) |
| PV modules — Tier-1 bifacial mono | Jinko Solar Tiger Neo N-type (candidate family) | TBD at RFQ — sub-model + datasheet revision to be confirmed | OEM datasheet PDF requested at RFQ (exact URL provided by supplier) |
| PV modules — Tier-1 bifacial mono | Trina Solar Vertex N (candidate family) | TBD at RFQ — sub-model + datasheet revision to be confirmed | OEM datasheet PDF requested at RFQ (exact URL provided by supplier) |
| String inverters | Sungrow SG125HT (candidate, 125 kW-class 3-phase string) | TBD at RFQ — datasheet revision to be confirmed | OEM datasheet PDF requested at RFQ (exact URL provided by supplier) |
| String inverters | Huawei SUN2000-330KTL-H1 (candidate, 330 kW 3-phase 1500 V DC 8-MPPT) | TBD at RFQ — datasheet revision to be confirmed | OEM datasheet PDF requested at RFQ (exact URL provided by supplier) |
| String inverters | Growatt MAX / MID series (candidate family) | TBD at RFQ — sub-model + datasheet revision to be confirmed | OEM datasheet PDF requested at RFQ (exact URL provided by supplier) |
| Mounting structure | K2 Systems N-Rack ground-mount rail/kit (candidate, with anti-corrosion revision) | TBD at RFQ — rail model + revision to be confirmed | K2 Systems N-Rack system page + manual requested at RFQ |
| AC step-up | 11 kV step-up transformer + MV switchgear compliant with IEC 61727 | TBD at RFQ | IEC catalogue + transformer vendor datasheet requested at RFQ |
Module safety qualification per UL 61730-1 and design qualification per IEC 61215 / IEC 61730 — issuer and certificate numbers not verified at TCO stage (confirm at RFQ). Inverter safety per IEC 62109 — issuer and certificate numbers not verified at TCO stage (confirm at RFQ).
4. Bounded model assumptions
Inputs below are explicit bounded model defaults used by the scenario TCO model for this scenario. They are not sourced facts; they are the model's scenario inputs and must be confirmed at RFQ.
| Input key | Value used | Unit | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| system.size_kwp_dc | 600 | kWp | Use-case brief |
| horizon.years | 25 | years | Scenario model horizon |
| discount.rate_real | 0.08 | — | Real, after-tax WACC assumption (model assumption, not a sourced benchmark) |
| asset.pv.degradation_pct_per_year | bounded, embedded in the year-by-year energy column (Year 1 = 900,000 kWh; Year 25 = 797,988.16 kWh) | %/yr | Model assumption — replace at RFQ with OEM datasheet linear degradation figure (typical Tier-1: 0.45–0.55%/yr first-year, then linear) |
| asset.pv.tariff_per_kwh | bounded, embedded in the year-by-year benefit column (Year 1 benefit = 76,500.00 USD against 900,000 kWh = USD 0.085/kWh nominal Year 1) | USD/kWh | Model assumption — offtake tariff; replace at RFQ with signed PPA / FiT schedule |
| asset.pv.tariff_escalation_pct | bounded, embedded in the year-by-year benefit column (Year 2 = 77,251.65 USD = +0.982% vs Year 1) | %/yr | Model assumption — escalator; replace at RFQ with PPA indexation clause |
| asset.pv.self_consumption_pct | 100 (all energy valued at the tariff in this scenario) | % | Model assumption — replace with site self-consumption vs export split at RFQ |
| asset.pv.export_tariff_per_kwh | equal to the offtake tariff in this scenario (no separate export line) | USD/kWh | Explicit bounded default — replace with site export tariff at RFQ where relevant |
| capex.year0_usd | 369,360.00 | USD | Scenario model output, Year 0 cost |
| opex.year_t_usd | per year-by-year cashflow table | USD | Scenario model output |
| residual.credit_year25_usd | 3,021.60 (embedded as the negative Year 25 cost line in the computed cashflow) | USD | Scenario model output — terminal/residual handling |
5. HS classification & customs (lookup paths — duty/VAT lines PENDING)
The following HS codes are illustrative starting points against the WCO HS Nomenclature 2022 edition. Applied duty rates, VAT, and any destination-country safeguards are PENDING — confirm against the destination country's current tariff lookup.
| Line | HS code (starting point) | Description | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| PV modules | 8541.43 | Photovoltaic cells assembled in modules | PENDING — verify at WCO HS view + destination tariff |
| Static converters (inverters) | 8504.40 | Static converters | PENDING — verify at destination tariff |
| Galvanised steel structure | 7308.90 | Structures and parts | PENDING — verify at destination tariff |
| Greenhouse cladding (glass) | 7007.19 | Safety glass, other | PENDING — verify at destination tariff |
Official HS / customs lookup paths (use these; never substitute a guessed deep URL):
- WCO HS Nomenclature 2022 edition — heading/subheading text lookup: https://www.wcoomd.org/en/topics/nomenclature/instrument-and-tools/hs-nomenclature-2022-edition
- EU destination — TARIC consultation (HS + duty + VAT + safeguards; live lookup): https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/dds2/taric/taric_consultation.jsp?Lang=en. EU Battery Regulation (for completeness where storage is added later): https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1542/oj
- US destination — USITC HTS search: https://hts.usitc.gov/. CBP reference: https://www.cbp.gov/ (cite home + topic at RFQ).
- UK destination — UK Global Tariff: https://www.trade-tariff.service.gov.uk/
- South Africa destination — SARS: https://www.sars.gov.za/
- Ghana destination — GRA: https://gra.gov.gh/
- Uganda destination — URA: https://www.ura.go.ug/
- Shipping terms — ICC Incoterms 2020: https://iccwbo.org/business-solutions/incoterms-rules/incoterms-2020/
- Air freight (DGR) — IATA DGR programme: https://www.iata.org/en/programs/cargo/dgr/
- Wood packaging (ISPM 15) — IPPC ISPM list: https://www.ippc.int/en/core-activities/standards-setting/ispms/
- Freight docs — FIATA: https://fiata.org/
6. Standards & compliance (exact designations cited at RFQ)
- Modules — IEC 61215:2021 (design qualification); IEC 61730-1:2016 + IEC 61730-2:2016 (safety qualification); UL 61730-1: https://www.shopulstandards.com/ProductDetail.aspx?productId=UL61730-1. IEC catalogue: https://webstore.iec.ch/ (cite exact designation + edition in text at RFQ).
- Inverters — IEC 62109-1:2010 + IEC 62109-2:2011 (safety of power converters for PV). IEC catalogue: https://webstore.iec.ch/
- Grid connection — IEC 61727:2004 (utility-interface characteristics). IEC catalogue: https://webstore.iec.ch/
- Storage (if added later) — UL 1973: https://www.shopulstandards.com/ProductDetail.aspx?productid=UL1973; UN Manual of Tests and Criteria (UN 38.3, ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.7): https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/un-manual-tests-and-criteria
- Sampling (incoming inspection) — ISO 2859 series (cite ISO 2859-1:1999 in text at RFQ); ISO catalogue search: https://www.iso.org/search.html?q=2859
7. Sources (consolidated citations table)
Per R1, every factual claim is mapped to a numbered source row with URL, document title, and date. Per R4, no certificate numbers (UL 61730-1 cert ID, IEC 61215 / IEC 61730 test report issuer) are verified at the TCO stage — confirm per line item at RFQ. Per R13, the IEA link is no longer used as a stand-in for HS; the WCO HS Nomenclature 2022 edition page is the canonical HS lookup.
| # | Claim | URL | Document title | Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | RFQ CTA | https://tradvolt.com/rfq/ | TradVolt RFQ form | 2026-09-22 |
| 2 | EU Battery Regulation (for storage add-on context) | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1542/oj | Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 (EU Battery Regulation) | 2026-09-22 |
| 3 | EU HS / duty / VAT / safeguards lookup | https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/dds2/taric/taric_consultation.jsp?Lang=en | EU TARIC consultation | 2026-09-22 |
| 4 | US HS / duty lookup | https://hts.usitc.gov/ | USITC Harmonized Tariff Schedule search | 2026-09-22 |
| 5 | UK tariff lookup | https://www.trade-tariff.service.gov.uk/ | UK Global Tariff | 2026-09-22 |
| 6 | WCO HS nomenclature heading/subheading lookup | https://www.wcoomd.org/en/topics/nomenclature/instrument-and-tools/hs-nomenclature-2022-edition | WCO HS Nomenclature 2022 edition | 2026-09-22 |
| 7 | ZAR-area tariff lookup | https://www.sars.gov.za/ | South African Revenue Service | 2026-09-22 |
| 8 | Ghana tariff lookup | https://gra.gov.gh/ | Ghana Revenue Authority | 2026-09-22 |
| 9 | Uganda tariff lookup | https://www.ura.go.ug/ | Uganda Revenue Authority | 2026-09-22 |
| 10 | US customs reference | https://www.cbp.gov/ | US Customs and Border Protection | 2026-09-22 |
| 11 | Shipping terms | https://iccwbo.org/business-solutions/incoterms-rules/incoterms-2020/ | ICC Incoterms 2020 | 2026-09-22 |
| 12 | Air freight dangerous goods | https://www.iata.org/en/programs/cargo/dgr/ | IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR) | 2026-09-22 |
| 13 | Wood packaging (ISPM 15) | https://www.ippc.int/en/core-activities/standards-setting/ispms/ | IPPC ISPM standards list | 2026-09-22 |
| 14 | Freight docs | https://fiata.org/ | FIATA | 2026-09-22 |
| 15 | UL 61730-1 module safety | https://www.shopulstandards.com/ProductDetail.aspx?productId=UL61730-1 | UL 61730-1 Photovoltaic (PV) Module Safety Qualification — Part 1 | 2026-09-22 |
| 16 | UL 1973 (storage add-on context) | https://www.shopulstandards.com/ProductDetail.aspx?productid=UL1973 | UL 1973 Batteries for Use in Stationary and Motive Auxiliary Power Applications | 2026-09-22 |
| 17 | IEC standards catalogue (61215 / 61730 / 62109 / 61727) | https://webstore.iec.ch/ | IEC Webstore (catalogue) | 2026-09-22 |
| 18 | UN 38.3 (storage add-on context) | https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/un-manual-tests-and-criteria | UN Manual of Tests and Criteria (ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.7) | 2026-09-22 |
| 19 | ISO 2859 series (incoming inspection) | https://www.iso.org/search.html?q=2859 | ISO standards search (2859) | 2026-09-22 |
| 20 | K2 Systems N-Rack (mounting candidate) | https://k2-systems.com/en/product-solutions/k2-n-rack-system/ | K2 Systems N-Rack ground-mount system | 2026-09-22 |
| 21 | LONGi Hi-MO 7 family (module candidate family) | https://www.longi.com/en/products/modules/hi-mo-5m/ | LONGi Hi-MO module family page (Hi-MO 5m example; Hi-MO 7 LR7-72HGD-600M datasheet PDF requested at RFQ) | 2026-09-22 |
| 22 | Sungrow SG string inverter range | https://www.sungrowpower.com/en/products/string-inverter | Sungrow string inverter range (SG125HT datasheet PDF requested at RFQ) | 2026-09-22 |
| 23 | Huawei SUN2000-330KTL-H1 | https://solar.huawei.com/en/products/sun2000-330ktl-h1 | Huawei SUN2000-330KTL-H1 (330 kW 3-phase 1500 V DC 8-MPPT string inverter) | 2026-09-22 |
8. RFQ anchor
Request a firm, itemised quote for a 600 kWp agrivoltaic greenhouse in MEA — modules (LONGi Hi-MO 7 LR7-72HGD-600M, Jinko Tiger Neo, or Trina Vertex N, exact sub-model + datasheet confirmed at RFQ), string inverters (Sungrow SG125HT, Huawei SUN2000-330KTL-H1, or Growatt MAX/MID, exact sub-model + datasheet confirmed at RFQ), K2 Systems N-Rack mounting (exact rail/kit + anti-corrosion revision confirmed at RFQ), 11 kV step-up to IEC 61727:2004:
Financial figures in the TCO summary and year-by-year cashflow tables above are computed outputs of the scenario TCO model for this scenario. Any numeric claim outside those tables is either a model assumption (Section 4) or a lookup path (Section 5) and is not a sourced fact. Equipment sub-models and certificate numbers are not verified at the TCO stage — confirm per line item at RFQ.