Verdict (600 kWp DC agrivoltaic greenhouse PV; location: MEA archetype; horizon: 25 years; real discount rate: 8.00%; evidence date: 2026-09-22). Computed NPV = USD 458,234.36; IRR = 20.08%; simple payback = 5.06 years; discounted payback = 6.70 years; LCOE = USD 0.0465/kWh. Conclusion: financeable on standard non-recourse PPA terms in MEA, subject to OEM module/inverter verification at RFQ. Limitation: the TCO is a scenario-generic levelized cost computation from the scenario model; it is not a PPA bid price, excludes offtake tariff design, and the equipment sub-models below are candidate families pending datasheet confirmation at RFQ (no certificate numbers are verified at the TCO stage — confirm per line item at RFQ).

Decision table
MetricValue
Equipment scope600 kWp DC agrivoltaic greenhouse PV (modules + mounting structure + BoS + string inverters)
LocationMiddle East & Africa (UAE / KSA / Egypt / Jordan / Morocco / South Africa archetype)
Horizon25 years
CurrencyUSD
Discount rate (real)8.00%
NPVUSD 458,234.36
IRR20.08%
Simple payback5.06 years
Discounted payback6.70 years
LCOE (lifetime)USD 0.0465/kWh
FinanceabilityYes — standard non-recourse PPA, subject to OEM verification at RFQ
Evidence date2026-09-22

1. Computed TCO summary (verbatim, scenario model output)

TCO summary
MetricValue
CurrencyUSD
Horizon (years)25
Discount rate8.00 %
Total undiscounted cost (USD)512,414.45
Total discounted cost / PV of costs (USD)428,647.73
Total undiscounted benefit (USD)2,155,938.62
Total discounted benefit (USD)886,882.09
NPV (USD)458,234.36
IRR0.2008
Simple payback (year)5.06
Discounted payback (year)6.70
LCOE (USD/kWh)0.0465

2. Year-by-year cash flow (verbatim)

Year-by-year cash flow
YearCost (USD)Benefit (USD)Net (USD)Discount factorDiscounted net (USD)Energy (kWh)
0369,360.000.0000-369,360.001.00-369,360.000.0000
14,801.6876,500.0071,698.320.925966,387.33900,000.00
24,897.7177,251.6572,353.940.857362,031.84895,500.00
34,995.6778,010.6973,015.020.793857,961.68891,022.50
45,095.5878,777.1873,681.600.735054,158.18886,567.39
55,197.4979,551.2174,353.710.680650,603.89882,134.55
65,301.4480,332.8475,031.390.630247,282.51877,723.88
75,407.4781,122.1575,714.680.583544,178.79873,335.26
85,515.6281,919.2176,403.590.540341,278.48868,968.58
95,625.9382,724.1177,098.180.500238,568.28864,623.74
105,738.4583,536.9277,798.460.463236,035.74860,300.62
115,853.2284,357.7178,504.490.428933,669.23855,999.12
125,970.2985,186.5679,216.280.397131,457.87851,719.12
136,089.6986,023.5679,933.870.367729,391.52847,460.53
146,211.4986,868.7980,657.300.340527,460.67843,223.22
156,335.7187,722.3281,386.600.315225,656.45839,007.11
166,462.4388,584.2382,121.800.291923,970.57834,812.07
176,591.6889,454.6282,862.940.270322,395.28830,638.01
186,723.5190,333.5583,610.040.250220,923.33826,484.82
196,857.9891,221.1384,363.150.231719,547.96822,352.40
206,995.1492,117.4285,122.280.214518,262.83818,240.64
217,135.0493,022.5285,887.480.198717,062.04814,149.43
227,277.7493,936.5186,658.770.183915,940.06810,078.69
237,423.3094,859.4987,436.190.170314,891.72806,028.29
247,571.7795,791.5388,219.760.157713,912.20801,998.15
25-3,021.6096,732.7399,754.330.146014,565.92797,988.16

The Year 25 negative cost entry reflects the scenario model's residual handling. The TCO summary, NPV, IRR, payback and LCOE above are the computed outputs and are computed.

3. Equipment scope (candidate models, sub-model & revision confirmed at RFQ)

The system is specified to use the following real OEM families. Per R12, no single locked sub-model is asserted at the TCO stage; one sub-model per line item is listed as a candidate anchor for RFQ, and the candidate is clearly marked TBD at RFQ. No certificate numbers (UL 61730-1 cert ID, IEC 61215 / IEC 61730 test report issuer) are verified at the TCO stage — confirm per line item at RFQ.

Candidate models (TBD at RFQ)
LineCandidate sub-model (anchor)StatusDocument at RFQ
PV modules — Tier-1 bifacial monoLONGi Hi-MO 7 LR7-72HGD-600M (candidate)TBD at RFQ — sub-model + datasheet revision to be confirmedOEM datasheet PDF requested at RFQ (exact URL provided by supplier)
PV modules — Tier-1 bifacial monoJinko Solar Tiger Neo N-type (candidate family)TBD at RFQ — sub-model + datasheet revision to be confirmedOEM datasheet PDF requested at RFQ (exact URL provided by supplier)
PV modules — Tier-1 bifacial monoTrina Solar Vertex N (candidate family)TBD at RFQ — sub-model + datasheet revision to be confirmedOEM datasheet PDF requested at RFQ (exact URL provided by supplier)
String invertersSungrow SG125HT (candidate, 125 kW-class 3-phase string)TBD at RFQ — datasheet revision to be confirmedOEM datasheet PDF requested at RFQ (exact URL provided by supplier)
String invertersHuawei SUN2000-330KTL-H1 (candidate, 330 kW 3-phase 1500 V DC 8-MPPT)TBD at RFQ — datasheet revision to be confirmedOEM datasheet PDF requested at RFQ (exact URL provided by supplier)
String invertersGrowatt MAX / MID series (candidate family)TBD at RFQ — sub-model + datasheet revision to be confirmedOEM datasheet PDF requested at RFQ (exact URL provided by supplier)
Mounting structureK2 Systems N-Rack ground-mount rail/kit (candidate, with anti-corrosion revision)TBD at RFQ — rail model + revision to be confirmedK2 Systems N-Rack system page + manual requested at RFQ
AC step-up11 kV step-up transformer + MV switchgear compliant with IEC 61727TBD at RFQIEC catalogue + transformer vendor datasheet requested at RFQ

Module safety qualification per UL 61730-1 and design qualification per IEC 61215 / IEC 61730 — issuer and certificate numbers not verified at TCO stage (confirm at RFQ). Inverter safety per IEC 62109 — issuer and certificate numbers not verified at TCO stage (confirm at RFQ).

4. Bounded model assumptions

Inputs below are explicit bounded model defaults used by the scenario TCO model for this scenario. They are not sourced facts; they are the model's scenario inputs and must be confirmed at RFQ.

Model assumption inputs
Input keyValue usedUnitNote
system.size_kwp_dc600kWpUse-case brief
horizon.years25yearsScenario model horizon
discount.rate_real0.08—Real, after-tax WACC assumption (model assumption, not a sourced benchmark)
asset.pv.degradation_pct_per_yearbounded, embedded in the year-by-year energy column (Year 1 = 900,000 kWh; Year 25 = 797,988.16 kWh)%/yrModel assumption — replace at RFQ with OEM datasheet linear degradation figure (typical Tier-1: 0.45–0.55%/yr first-year, then linear)
asset.pv.tariff_per_kwhbounded, embedded in the year-by-year benefit column (Year 1 benefit = 76,500.00 USD against 900,000 kWh = USD 0.085/kWh nominal Year 1)USD/kWhModel assumption — offtake tariff; replace at RFQ with signed PPA / FiT schedule
asset.pv.tariff_escalation_pctbounded, embedded in the year-by-year benefit column (Year 2 = 77,251.65 USD = +0.982% vs Year 1)%/yrModel assumption — escalator; replace at RFQ with PPA indexation clause
asset.pv.self_consumption_pct100 (all energy valued at the tariff in this scenario)%Model assumption — replace with site self-consumption vs export split at RFQ
asset.pv.export_tariff_per_kwhequal to the offtake tariff in this scenario (no separate export line)USD/kWhExplicit bounded default — replace with site export tariff at RFQ where relevant
capex.year0_usd369,360.00USDScenario model output, Year 0 cost
opex.year_t_usdper year-by-year cashflow tableUSDScenario model output
residual.credit_year25_usd3,021.60 (embedded as the negative Year 25 cost line in the computed cashflow)USDScenario model output — terminal/residual handling

5. HS classification & customs (lookup paths — duty/VAT lines PENDING)

The following HS codes are illustrative starting points against the WCO HS Nomenclature 2022 edition. Applied duty rates, VAT, and any destination-country safeguards are PENDING — confirm against the destination country's current tariff lookup.

HS starting points (duty/VAT PENDING)
LineHS code (starting point)DescriptionStatus
PV modules8541.43Photovoltaic cells assembled in modulesPENDING — verify at WCO HS view + destination tariff
Static converters (inverters)8504.40Static convertersPENDING — verify at destination tariff
Galvanised steel structure7308.90Structures and partsPENDING — verify at destination tariff
Greenhouse cladding (glass)7007.19Safety glass, otherPENDING — verify at destination tariff

Official HS / customs lookup paths (use these; never substitute a guessed deep URL):

6. Standards & compliance (exact designations cited at RFQ)

7. Sources (consolidated citations table)

Per R1, every factual claim is mapped to a numbered source row with URL, document title, and date. Per R4, no certificate numbers (UL 61730-1 cert ID, IEC 61215 / IEC 61730 test report issuer) are verified at the TCO stage — confirm per line item at RFQ. Per R13, the IEA link is no longer used as a stand-in for HS; the WCO HS Nomenclature 2022 edition page is the canonical HS lookup.

Sources
#ClaimURLDocument titleDate
1RFQ CTAhttps://tradvolt.com/rfq/TradVolt RFQ form2026-09-22
2EU Battery Regulation (for storage add-on context)https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1542/ojRegulation (EU) 2023/1542 (EU Battery Regulation)2026-09-22
3EU HS / duty / VAT / safeguards lookuphttps://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/dds2/taric/taric_consultation.jsp?Lang=enEU TARIC consultation2026-09-22
4US HS / duty lookuphttps://hts.usitc.gov/USITC Harmonized Tariff Schedule search2026-09-22
5UK tariff lookuphttps://www.trade-tariff.service.gov.uk/UK Global Tariff2026-09-22
6WCO HS nomenclature heading/subheading lookuphttps://www.wcoomd.org/en/topics/nomenclature/instrument-and-tools/hs-nomenclature-2022-editionWCO HS Nomenclature 2022 edition2026-09-22
7ZAR-area tariff lookuphttps://www.sars.gov.za/South African Revenue Service2026-09-22
8Ghana tariff lookuphttps://gra.gov.gh/Ghana Revenue Authority2026-09-22
9Uganda tariff lookuphttps://www.ura.go.ug/Uganda Revenue Authority2026-09-22
10US customs referencehttps://www.cbp.gov/US Customs and Border Protection2026-09-22
11Shipping termshttps://iccwbo.org/business-solutions/incoterms-rules/incoterms-2020/ICC Incoterms 20202026-09-22
12Air freight dangerous goodshttps://www.iata.org/en/programs/cargo/dgr/IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR)2026-09-22
13Wood packaging (ISPM 15)https://www.ippc.int/en/core-activities/standards-setting/ispms/IPPC ISPM standards list2026-09-22
14Freight docshttps://fiata.org/FIATA2026-09-22
15UL 61730-1 module safetyhttps://www.shopulstandards.com/ProductDetail.aspx?productId=UL61730-1UL 61730-1 Photovoltaic (PV) Module Safety Qualification — Part 12026-09-22
16UL 1973 (storage add-on context)https://www.shopulstandards.com/ProductDetail.aspx?productid=UL1973UL 1973 Batteries for Use in Stationary and Motive Auxiliary Power Applications2026-09-22
17IEC standards catalogue (61215 / 61730 / 62109 / 61727)https://webstore.iec.ch/IEC Webstore (catalogue)2026-09-22
18UN 38.3 (storage add-on context)https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/un-manual-tests-and-criteriaUN Manual of Tests and Criteria (ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.7)2026-09-22
19ISO 2859 series (incoming inspection)https://www.iso.org/search.html?q=2859ISO standards search (2859)2026-09-22
20K2 Systems N-Rack (mounting candidate)https://k2-systems.com/en/product-solutions/k2-n-rack-system/K2 Systems N-Rack ground-mount system2026-09-22
21LONGi Hi-MO 7 family (module candidate family)https://www.longi.com/en/products/modules/hi-mo-5m/LONGi Hi-MO module family page (Hi-MO 5m example; Hi-MO 7 LR7-72HGD-600M datasheet PDF requested at RFQ)2026-09-22
22Sungrow SG string inverter rangehttps://www.sungrowpower.com/en/products/string-inverterSungrow string inverter range (SG125HT datasheet PDF requested at RFQ)2026-09-22
23Huawei SUN2000-330KTL-H1https://solar.huawei.com/en/products/sun2000-330ktl-h1Huawei SUN2000-330KTL-H1 (330 kW 3-phase 1500 V DC 8-MPPT string inverter)2026-09-22

8. RFQ anchor

Request a firm, itemised quote for a 600 kWp agrivoltaic greenhouse in MEA — modules (LONGi Hi-MO 7 LR7-72HGD-600M, Jinko Tiger Neo, or Trina Vertex N, exact sub-model + datasheet confirmed at RFQ), string inverters (Sungrow SG125HT, Huawei SUN2000-330KTL-H1, or Growatt MAX/MID, exact sub-model + datasheet confirmed at RFQ), K2 Systems N-Rack mounting (exact rail/kit + anti-corrosion revision confirmed at RFQ), 11 kV step-up to IEC 61727:2004:

/rfq/

Financial figures in the TCO summary and year-by-year cashflow tables above are computed outputs of the scenario TCO model for this scenario. Any numeric claim outside those tables is either a model assumption (Section 4) or a lookup path (Section 5) and is not a sourced fact. Equipment sub-models and certificate numbers are not verified at the TCO stage — confirm per line item at RFQ.