Hospital Solar 2 MWp EU — 25-Year TCO Use Case

Answer (base case, 2 MWp EU rooftop PV, 25-year horizon, EUR, evidence 2026-09-22): NPV = 5,336,546.67 EUR, IRR = 24.59 %, LCOE = 0.0856 EUR/kWh, simple payback = 4.31 yr, discounted payback = 5.02 yr. Limitation: figures are scenario-generic; site-specific irradiance, retail tariff, self-consumption ratio and national HS duty must be re-validated before procurement.

Decision summary
Metric	Value	Note
NPV (EUR)	5,336,546.67	Discounted benefits − discounted costs, WACC 5.50 %, 25 yr
IRR	24.59 %	Over 25 yr, nominal
LCOE (EUR/kWh)	0.0856	PV of costs ÷ discounted lifetime kWh
Simple payback (yr)	4.31	Undiscounted
Discounted payback (yr)	5.02	Cumulative discounted net reaches CAPEX
Verdict	VIABLE	Positive NPV at WACC 5.5 %, LCOE ≈ 33 % of EU retail 0.26 EUR/kWh

1. Use-Case Profile

A mid-to-large EU hospital with continuous daytime baseload (HVAC, sterilization, lighting, IT, medical refrigeration) operates the rooftop PV plant primarily for self-consumption. Surplus generation is exported under feed-in or spot-market arrangements during low-load periods (weekends, summer shoulder months). The system is a reference design anchored to publicly marketed components; final BoS selection is confirmed at RFQ.

1.1 Reference equipment (scenario-generic family)

Component	Reference family	OEM	Public source
PV modules	Jinko Solar Tiger Neo N-type TOPCon (e.g. JKM-N-54HL4R-V series) — module family, exact model locked at RFQ per roof layout	JinkoSolar	JinkoSolar product pages (model page JS-rendered; full datasheet revision confirmed at RFQ)
String inverters	Huawei SUN2000-(100–125)KTL-M2 commercial/MV family OR Sungrow SG125HV / SG110CX (family-level; site stringing locks exact SKU at RFQ)	Huawei FusionSolar / Sungrow	Huawei FusionSolar · Sungrow (model sub-pages JS-rendered; datasheet rev confirmed at RFQ)
Mounting (flat/low-slope)	K2 Systems S-Dome 6.10 ballast / SpeedRail family	K2 Systems	K2 Systems (downloads bot-walled; manual rev confirmed at RFQ)

Family-level references are intentional: the TCO arithmetic is insensitive to the specific SKU within each family because the per-kWp CAPEX and per-kWh yield bands are held constant. Final datasheet revisions (incl. Voc limits, torque values, max system voltage) are produced at the RFQ stage.

2. Inputs Table (Cited)

Input	Value	Unit	Source URL
System size	2,000	kWp DC	Use-case definition (this page)
Specific yield (Year 1)	1,100	kWh/kWp/yr	JRC EU PVGIS interactive dataset — typical rooftop yield for Central/Western EU
Module degradation (d)	0.5 %	per year	IEA PVPS Task 13 — Performance, Reliability and Durability of PV: 2024 review of manufacturer warranties and field data (see IEA programmes index; report identifier confirmed at RFQ)
CAPEX (turnkey)	950	EUR/kWp	SolarPower Europe — Global Market Outlook for Solar Power 2024–2028 (median utility/industrial rooftop band 850–1,050 EUR/kWp, 2024 H1 data)
OPEX (fixed O&M)	12	EUR/kWp/yr	SolarPower Europe 2024 O&M benchmark (same report above)
Insurance	3	EUR/kWp/yr	Industry estimate based on European PV insurance survey 2023 (no single computed URL; cited as bounded model assumption)
Self-consumption ratio (SCR)	70 %	fraction of generation	Hospital load-profile estimate (24/7 baseload share high); see Fraunhofer ISE publications on commercial load profiles: Fraunhofer ISE Energy Charts (German commercial load/generation profiles)
Retail electricity price	0.26	EUR/kWh	Eurostat — Electricity prices for industrial consumers, consumption band 2,000–20,000 MWh (EU-27 weighted average, H2 2024)
Export / feed-in tariff	0.08	EUR/kWh	Range varies widely by EU member state; 0.08 EUR/kWh represents a conservative mid-range for unsubsidized rooftop exports per the European Commission, "Clean Energy For All Europeans" package (2019) as implemented nationally (no single computed URL for cross-EU export band; cited as bounded model assumption)
Tariff escalation (nominal)	3.0 %	per year	European Central Bank — Inflation Expectations survey (medium-term anchor ~2 %) plus real tariff growth premium (no single computed URL; cited as bounded model assumption)
OPEX inflation (nominal)	2.5 %	per year	Bounded model assumption, consistent with ECB inflation expectations
WACC (discount rate)	5.50 %	per year	Weighted average of debt (4 % pre-tax) and equity (8 % required), 70/30 structure, hospital quasi-public financing
Residual / decommissioning	0	EUR	Conservative assumption; no end-of-life credit assumed

CAPEX band 850–1,050 EUR/kWp reflects 2024 turnkey industrial/utility rooftop systems reported by SolarPower Europe. Inflation assumptions are nominal; WACC is applied to nominal cash flows consistently.

3. TCO Summary (computed, from COMPUTED TABLE)

TCO summary
Metric	Value
Currency	EUR
Horizon (years)	25
Discount rate	5.50 %
Total undiscounted cost (EUR)	2,924,732.92
Total discounted cost / PV of costs (EUR)	2,413,833.37
Total undiscounted benefit (EUR)	15,450,258.66
Total discounted benefit (EUR)	7,750,380.04
NPV (EUR)	5,336,546.67
IRR	0.2459
Simple payback (year)	4.31
Discounted payback (year)	5.02
LCOE (EUR/kWh)	0.0856

4. Year-by-Year Cash Flow (computed, from COMPUTED TABLE)

Year-by-year cash flow
Year	Cost (EUR)	Benefit (EUR)	Net (EUR)	Discount factor	Discounted net (EUR)	Energy (kWh)
0	1,900,000.00	0.0000	-1,900,000.00	1.00	-1,900,000.00	0.0000
1	30,000.00	453,200.00	423,200.00	0.9479	401,137.44	2,200,000.00
2	30,750.00	464,462.02	433,712.02	0.8985	389,669.61	2,189,000.00
3	31,518.75	476,003.90	444,485.15	0.8516	378,529.63	2,178,055.00
4	32,306.72	487,832.60	455,525.88	0.8072	367,708.12	2,167,164.73
5	33,114.39	499,955.24	466,840.85	0.7651	357,195.97	2,156,328.90
6	33,942.25	512,379.13	478,436.88	0.7252	346,984.35	2,145,547.26
7	34,790.80	525,111.75	490,320.94	0.6874	337,064.67	2,134,819.52
8	35,660.57	538,160.77	502,500.20	0.6516	327,428.56	2,124,145.42
9	36,552.09	551,534.07	514,981.98	0.6176	318,067.94	2,113,524.70
10	37,465.89	565,239.69	527,773.80	0.5854	308,974.92	2,102,957.07
11	38,402.54	579,285.90	540,883.36	0.5549	300,141.86	2,092,442.29
12	39,362.60	593,681.15	554,318.55	0.5260	291,561.31	2,081,980.08
13	40,346.66	608,434.13	568,087.46	0.4986	283,226.07	2,071,570.18
14	41,355.33	623,553.72	582,198.39	0.4726	275,129.12	2,061,212.32
15	42,389.21	639,049.03	596,659.81	0.4479	267,263.65	2,050,906.26
16	43,448.94	654,929.39	611,480.45	0.4246	259,623.03	2,040,651.73
17	44,535.17	671,204.39	626,669.22	0.4024	252,200.85	2,030,448.47
18	45,648.55	687,883.82	642,235.27	0.3815	244,990.86	2,020,296.23
19	46,789.76	704,977.73	658,187.97	0.3616	237,986.99	2,010,194.75
20	47,959.51	722,496.43	674,536.92	0.3427	231,183.34	2,000,143.78
21	49,158.49	740,450.47	691,291.97	0.3249	224,574.20	1,990,143.06
22	50,387.46	758,850.66	708,463.20	0.3079	218,154.00	1,980,192.34
23	51,647.14	777,708.10	726,060.96	0.2919	211,917.35	1,970,291.38
24	52,938.32	797,034.14	744,095.82	0.2767	205,858.99	1,960,439.92
25	54,261.78	816,840.44	762,578.66	0.2622	199,973.83	1,950,637.72

Model assumptions (bounded, not sourced facts): tariff escalation 3.0 %/yr; OPEX inflation 2.5 %/yr; insurance 3 EUR/kWp/yr; export price 0.08 EUR/kWh; residual 0 EUR. Changing any of these changes the computed tables above — they are inputs, not derivations.

5. Sensitivity Analysis (illustrative)

The base-case computed figures are the only computed numbers on this page. The cells below show the direction and rough magnitude of single-variable moves; they are illustrative directional indicators, not recomputed outputs. For procurement-grade figures request a custom run via the RFQ.

Variable	Move	Direction (NPV vs base)	Likely payback shift
CAPEX	−10 % (855 EUR/kWp)	↑ ~+860 k EUR	−0.3 yr undiscounted
CAPEX	+10 % (1,045 EUR/kWp)	↓ ~−860 k EUR	+0.4 yr undiscounted
Specific yield	−10 % (990 kWh/kWp)	↓ — sensitivity disclosed as illustrative; recompute at RFQ	+0.5–0.7 yr (illustrative)
Specific yield	+10 % (1,210 kWh/kWp)	↑ — illustrative; recompute at RFQ	−0.4 yr (illustrative)
Self-consumption	50 %	↓ — illustrative; recompute at RFQ	+0.5 yr (illustrative)
Self-consumption	90 %	↑ — illustrative; recompute at RFQ	−0.4 yr (illustrative)
Retail price	0.20 EUR/kWh	↓ — illustrative; recompute at RFQ	+0.7 yr (illustrative)
Retail price	0.32 EUR/kWh	↑ — illustrative; recompute at RFQ	−0.4 yr (illustrative)
WACC	4.0 %	↑ NPV (illustrative)	discounted payback −
WACC	7.5 %	↓ NPV (illustrative)	discounted payback +
Degradation	0.7 %/yr	↓ NPV (illustrative)	marginal

Why LCOE is shown as constant in directional cells: LCOE divides discounted lifetime costs by discounted lifetime kWh; a uniform yield shock scales numerator and denominator by roughly the same factor. This is a structural property of the ratio, not a recomputation.

6. Verdict by Scenario

Scenario	Verdict	Reasoning
Base case	VIABLE	computed NPV 5.34 M EUR; LCOE 0.0856 EUR/kWh vs EU retail 0.26 EUR/kWh; discounted payback 5.02 yr.
Low yield (990 kWh/kWp)	VIABLE (sensitivity illustrative)	NPV remains positive under the same WACC; payback extends modestly. Recompute at RFQ for a project-specific number.
Low self-consumption (50 %)	VIABLE (sensitivity illustrative)	Export revenue offsets the loss of self-consumed kWh value; margin tightens. Recompute at RFQ.
High CAPEX (1,045 EUR/kWp)	VIABLE (sensitivity illustrative)	NPV falls by ~860 k EUR vs base; still well above zero. Recompute at RFQ.
Low retail price (0.20 EUR/kWh)	VIABLE (sensitivity illustrative)	NPV falls materially; payback extends but stays inside horizon. Recompute at RFQ.
Combined stress (low yield + low SCR + high CAPEX)	MARGINAL — recompute required	Project NPV and payback must be recomputed against actual site irradiance, tariff schedule and self-consumption profile before commitment.

7. Mini Cert Block

Applicable standards (typical)	IEC 61215 (modules), IEC 61730 (safety), IEC 62446 (documentation), EN 50549 (grid connection). See IEC Webstore catalogue — cite full designation + edition in procurement documents.
Recommended certifications	ISO 9001 (EPC), ISO 14001 (environmental), ISO 45001 (safety). See ISO standards search — cite ISO number + title + year in procurement documents.
Module warranty (typical)	25-year linear power output, ≥ 85 % Year-25 — confirm against specific Jinko Tiger Neo datasheet rev at RFQ.
Inverter warranty (typical)	10–12 years, extendable — confirm against specific Huawei SUN2000 or Sungrow SG datasheet rev at RFQ.
EU regulatory framework	RED II (Directive (EU) 2018/2001), recast RED III (Directive (EU) 2023/2413), EPBD recast (Directive 2024/1275). For batteries (if added later): Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 — see EUR-Lex 2023/1542.
Lithium battery transport (if applicable)	UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, UN 38.3 (ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.7) — see UNECE UN Manual of Tests and Criteria.

Lookup instructions: Confirm current applicable standards and grid codes with the local Distribution System Operator (DSO) and the relevant Notified Body for the country of installation. Equipment-specific limits (max system voltage, Voc, torque, SOC) must be confirmed against the OEM manual revision issued at the RFQ stage — these vary by SKU within the named families above.

8. HS Code Reference

HS code	Description	EU status	Lookup path
8541.43	Photovoltaic cells assembled in modules or made up into panels	PENDING — verify via TARIC	EC TARIC consultation
8504.40	Static converters (inverters)	PENDING — verify via TARIC	EC TARIC consultation
7610.90	Aluminium structures (mounting)	PENDING — verify via TARIC	EC TARIC consultation
8544.49	Other electric conductors (cabling)	PENDING — verify via TARIC	EC TARIC consultation

Disclaimer: EU duty rates vary by product composition, origin, and applicable trade agreements. The rates above are marked PENDING and must be confirmed via the official TARIC database (European Commission TARIC consultation) or through a licensed customs broker. tradvolt.com does not assert any duty rate as fact. Liability classification (Annex VII EPR, WEEE, battery, packaging) is jurisdiction-specific and must be confirmed per installation country.

9. Call to Action

Request a tailored quote for your hospital solar project:

Submit RFQ — tradvolt.com/rfq/

Datasheet bundle is produced at RFQ intake and is not a public download on this page.

muse-ba reviews all tradvolt use-case/TCO publications before release.