Verdict (illustrative, not a quote): Reference equipment Sungrow SG350HX 350 kW on-grid string inverter landed in the Kingdom of Bahrain for a logistics-rooftop PV use case, over a 25-year horizon, at an 8.00% discount rate, with an all-in CapEx of 150,000 USD, Year-1 OpEx of 2,500 USD escalated 2.0%/yr, self-consumption offset 0.080 USD/kWh, specific yield 1,500 kWh/kWp/yr. Evidence date: 2026-09-21. Limitation: bounded illustrative model; real CapEx/OpEx re-priced at RFQ. Headline outputs — NPV = 305,646.34 USD; simple payback = 3.75 years; discounted payback = 4.63 years; IRR = 27.18%; LCOE = 0.0338 USD/kWh.
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Reference equipment | Sungrow SG350HX, 1500 Vdc three-phase on-grid string inverter |
| Destination / use case | Kingdom of Bahrain — logistics-rooftop PV |
| Horizon / discount rate | 25 years / 8.00% |
| All-in landed CapEx (year 0) | 150,000.00 USD |
| Year-1 OpEx (escalated 2.0%/yr) | 2,500.00 USD |
| NPV | 305,646.34 USD |
| IRR | 27.18% |
| Simple payback | 3.75 years |
| Discounted payback | 4.63 years |
| LCOE | 0.0338 USD/kWh |
| Evidence date | 2026-09-21 |
Reference equipment: Sungrow SG350HX, 1500 Vdc three-phase on-grid string inverter, IP66 enclosure, marketed for C&I and utility-scale PV plants. The SG350HX belongs to Sungrow's 1500 Vdc string-inverter family covering the 125–350 kW range (see Sungrow string-inverter range for the line-up). Final specifications and limits (max DC voltage, MPPT range, torque values, SOC behaviour, etc.) are confirmed against the OEM datasheet and the installation-manual revision at RFQ stage.
CapEx is the one-time out-of-pocket cost to land a single Sungrow SG350HX at the logistics warehouse site in Bahrain, cleared and ready to lift to the rooftop. All unit values and sub-totals below are illustrative placeholders pending re-pricing against the OEM datasheet, the carrier tariff and the Bahrain Customs / NBR portals at RFQ stage; the year-0 lump sum of 150,000 USD is the value that drives the TCO model.
| # | Line item | Spec / basis | Unit | Qty | Unit value (USD) | Sub-total (USD) | Source of truth |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C-1 | Sungrow SG350HX on-grid string inverter | 3-phase, 1500 Vdc, IP66; max efficiency per OEM datasheet | pcs | 1 | PENDING — lookup | PENDING — lookup | Sungrow string-inverter range |
| C-2 | Export packing (wooden crate, ISPM 15) | Seaworthy, IPPC-marked per IPPC ISPM 15 | crate | 1 | PENDING — lookup | PENDING — lookup | OEM datasheet / packer |
| C-3 | Inland freight (OEM factory → port of export, e.g. Shanghai) | 40HQ container, 1 unit per crate | shipment | 1 | PENDING — lookup | PENDING — lookup | CN freight forwarder tariff |
| C-4 | Ocean freight (CN port → Khalifa Bin Salman / Bahrain) | LCL or FAK 40HQ | shipment | 1 | PENDING — lookup | PENDING — lookup | Carrier tariff (CMA CGM / MSC / COSCO); ICC Incoterms 2020 |
| C-5 | Marine insurance (110% CIF) | All-risk, ICC (A) clauses | policy | 1 | ~0.30% of CIF | PENDING — lookup | ICC Incoterms 2020 |
| C-6 | Bahrain customs duty | GCC CET on HS 8504.40 sub-line | % ad valorem | — | PENDING — lookup | PENDING — lookup | Bahrain Customs national tariff (HS 8504.40) |
| C-7 | Bahrain VAT | NBR Bahrain VAT Act, standard rate 10% effective 1 Jan 2022 | % ad valorem | — | PENDING — lookup | PENDING — lookup | National Bureau for Revenue (NBR) Bahrain |
| C-8 | Customs broker fee | Manifest lodgement + ASYCUDA | file | 1 | PENDING — lookup | PENDING — lookup | Bahrain Customs ASYCUDA service schedule |
| C-9 | Last-mile delivery + offloading at warehouse | Bahrain → logistics park rooftop lift | shipment | 1 | PENDING — lookup | PENDING — lookup | BH domestic haulier tariff |
| C-10 | AC-side switchgear + DC combiner (BoS auxiliaries) | Per 350 kW block | lot | 1 | PENDING — lookup | PENDING — lookup | Sungrow SG350HX datasheet — BoS section |
| All CapEx line-item unit values and sub-totals above are PENDING — lookup at RFQ stage. | |||||||
| Illustrative all-in landed CapEx (year-0 input to the TCO model): | 150,000.00 USD | ||||||
Row definitions follow the standard CN→BH sea-freight Incoterm transition (FOB Shanghai → CFR Bahrain → CIF Bahrain) per ICC Incoterms 2020. Duty / VAT rates are placeholders pending the Bahrain Customs and NBR Bahrain portals. The 150,000 USD figure is the model's bounded input — it is NOT a TradVolt offer.
OpEx is what the logistics-rooftop owner pays each year to keep the SG350HX generating. The cost stack is dominated by scheduled preventive maintenance, spare parts, monitoring subscription, and standby auxiliary consumption. All line-item unit values and sub-totals are illustrative placeholders; the Year-1 input to the TCO model is 2,500.00 USD, escalated 2.0%/yr.
| # | Line item | Basis | Unit | Annual qty | Unit value (USD) | Annual cost (USD) | Source of truth |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| O-1 | Preventive maintenance visit (annual) | OEM-recommended PM schedule | visit | 1 | PENDING — lookup | PENDING — lookup | Sungrow SG350HX O&M manual |
| O-2 | Spare parts budget (% of inverter price) | Capacitors, fans, contactors | %/yr | 0.5% | — | PENDING — lookup | Sungrow SG350HX MTBF / spare-parts list |
| O-3 | Monitoring data subscription (OEM portal) | Modbus / 4G gateway | year | 1 | PENDING — lookup | PENDING — lookup | Sungrow iSolarCloud / communications section |
| O-4 | Stand-by auxiliary consumption (night) | ~10 W standby @ EWA tariff | kWh + tariff | ~88 kWh/yr | PENDING — lookup | PENDING — lookup | Sungrow SG350HX datasheet — night losses; EWA tariff schedule |
| O-5 | Insurance (asset all-risk) | Annual premium, ~0.2% of CapEx | year | 1 | 0.2% | PENDING — lookup | BH insurer schedule |
| All OpEx line-item unit values and annual costs above are PENDING — lookup at RFQ stage. | |||||||
| Illustrative OpEx (year-1 input to the TCO model): | 2,500.00 USD/yr | ||||||
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Currency | USD |
| Horizon (years) | 25 |
| Discount rate | 8.00 % |
| Total undiscounted cost (USD) | 230,075.75 |
| Total discounted cost / PV of costs (USD) | 181,685.09 |
| Total undiscounted benefit (USD) | 1,185,112.47 |
| Total discounted benefit (USD) | 487,331.43 |
| NPV (USD) | 305,646.34 |
| IRR | 0.2718 |
| Simple payback (year) | 3.75 |
| Discounted payback (year) | 4.63 |
| LCOE (USD/kWh) | 0.0338 |
| Year | Cost (USD) | Benefit (USD) | Net (USD) | Discount factor | Discounted net (USD) | Energy (kWh) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 150,000.00 | 0.0000 | -150,000.00 | 1.00 | -150,000.00 | 0.0000 |
| 1 | 2,500.00 | 42,000.00 | 39,500.00 | 0.9259 | 36,574.07 | 525,000.00 |
| 2 | 2,550.00 | 42,416.85 | 39,866.85 | 0.8573 | 34,179.40 | 522,375.00 |
| 3 | 2,601.00 | 42,837.84 | 40,236.84 | 0.7938 | 31,941.30 | 519,763.12 |
| 4 | 2,653.02 | 43,263.00 | 40,609.98 | 0.7350 | 29,849.55 | 517,164.31 |
| 5 | 2,706.08 | 43,692.39 | 40,986.31 | 0.6806 | 27,894.59 | 514,578.49 |
| 6 | 2,760.20 | 44,126.04 | 41,365.83 | 0.6302 | 26,067.49 | 512,005.60 |
| 7 | 2,815.41 | 44,563.99 | 41,748.58 | 0.5835 | 24,359.90 | 509,445.57 |
| 8 | 2,871.71 | 45,006.28 | 42,134.57 | 0.5403 | 22,764.00 | 506,898.34 |
| 9 | 2,929.15 | 45,452.97 | 42,523.82 | 0.5002 | 21,272.50 | 504,363.85 |
| 10 | 2,987.73 | 45,904.09 | 42,916.36 | 0.4632 | 19,878.58 | 501,842.03 |
| 11 | 3,047.49 | 46,359.69 | 43,312.20 | 0.4289 | 18,575.86 | 499,332.82 |
| 12 | 3,108.44 | 46,819.81 | 43,711.37 | 0.3971 | 17,358.39 | 496,836.15 |
| 13 | 3,170.60 | 47,284.50 | 44,113.89 | 0.3677 | 16,220.59 | 494,351.97 |
| 14 | 3,234.02 | 47,753.79 | 44,519.78 | 0.3405 | 15,157.25 | 491,880.21 |
| 15 | 3,298.70 | 48,227.75 | 44,929.05 | 0.3152 | 14,163.51 | 489,420.81 |
| 16 | 3,364.67 | 48,706.41 | 45,341.74 | 0.2919 | 13,234.82 | 486,973.71 |
| 17 | 3,431.96 | 49,189.82 | 45,757.86 | 0.2703 | 12,366.93 | 484,538.84 |
| 18 | 3,500.60 | 49,678.03 | 46,177.43 | 0.2502 | 11,555.86 | 482,116.15 |
| 19 | 3,570.62 | 50,171.09 | 46,600.47 | 0.2317 | 10,797.89 | 479,705.57 |
| 20 | 3,642.03 | 50,669.03 | 47,027.01 | 0.2145 | 10,089.56 | 477,307.04 |
| 21 | 3,714.87 | 51,171.92 | 47,457.06 | 0.1987 | 9,427.62 | 474,920.50 |
| 22 | 3,789.17 | 51,679.81 | 47,890.64 | 0.1839 | 8,809.03 | 472,545.90 |
| 23 | 3,864.95 | 52,192.73 | 48,327.78 | 0.1703 | 8,230.96 | 470,183.17 |
| 24 | 3,942.25 | 52,710.74 | 48,768.49 | 0.1577 | 7,690.76 | 467,832.25 |
| 25 | 4,021.09 | 53,233.89 | 49,212.80 | 0.1460 | 7,185.95 | 465,493.09 |
The Sungrow SG350HX must satisfy the Bahrain Electricity and Water Authority (EWA) distribution-code requirements for low-voltage interconnection, and any safety / EMC certificates the GCC customs broker requires. Final certificate acceptance is decided by EWA at project stage. The standard references below are the actual published editions, not generic homepages.
| Domain | Standard / certificate | Issuing body (named, official) | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| PV inverter — utility interface | IEC 61727; IEC 62116 | IEC 62116:2014 — utility-interconnected PV inverters — anti-islanding test procedure (TC 82) | To be confirmed against the Sungrow SG350HX datasheet / type-test certificate |
| Safety — power converters | IEC 62109-1:2010; IEC 62109-2:2011 | IEC 62109-1:2010 — Safety of power converters for use in PV power systems, Part 1: General requirements (TC 82); IEC 62109-2:2011 — Part 2: Particular requirements for inverters (TC 82); IECEE CB Scheme test certificate | To be confirmed against the Sungrow SG350HX datasheet |
| EMC | IEC 61000-6-2; IEC 61000-6-4 | IEC | To be confirmed against the Sungrow SG350HX datasheet |
| Grid code (Bahrain) | EWA Distribution Code — LV interconnection | Electricity and Water Authority (EWA), Kingdom of Bahrain — Distribution Code publication portal | PENDING — lookup (project stage) |
| Quality / management system (factory) | ISO 9001:2015 | ISO 9001:2015 (certification body listed on certificate) | To be confirmed against OEM certificate |
| OEM installation manual (pro/TCO) | Sungrow SG350HX Installation Manual — document number SG350HX-IM-EN-Rev.2.0 (2024-09) | Sungrow Power Supply Co., Ltd. | Revision identifier to be re-confirmed at RFQ stage |
No certificate number, logo or "No.1" claim is shown because TradVolt only publishes numbers and logos that have been verified from the named issuing body. OEM-specific certificate numbers appear on the firm RFQ PDF.
| HS national line | Program | As-of: 2026-09-21 | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8504.40 (static converters, incl. PV inverters) | GCC Common External Tariff (CET) + Bahrain national duty | Rates PENDING — lookup against the Bahrain Customs national tariff (HS 8504.40 national page) | Bahrain Customs national tariff (HS 8504.40) |
| 8504.40 — VAT | NBR Bahrain VAT Act | Standard rate 10% (effective 1 January 2022 per NBR Bahrain); renewable-energy exemptions PENDING — lookup | National Bureau for Revenue (NBR) Bahrain |
| 8504.40 — Excise | NBR Bahrain excise schedule | Not typically applied to PV inverters PENDING — lookup | National Bureau for Revenue (NBR) Bahrain — excise schedule |
TradVolt does not hardcode duty or VAT rates. The exact national sub-line under HS 8504.40, the GCC CET rate and the standard / exempt VAT treatment are re-verified against Bahrain Customs and NBR Bahrain at every RFQ.
| Factual claim | Allow-listed source URL | Allow-listed source body |
|---|---|---|
| HS classification: static converters (incl. PV inverters) under 8504.40 in the WCO Harmonized System | https://hts.usitc.gov/ | USITC Harmonized Tariff Schedule (lookup tool) |
| HS / duty lookup (EU reference) | https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/dds2/taric/taric_consultation.jsp?Lang=en | European Commission — TARIC consultation |
| UK HS / duty lookup | https://www.trade-tariff.service.gov.uk/ | UK Government Trade Tariff service |
| Japan customs (English) | https://www.customs.go.jp/english/ | Japan Customs (English) |
| GCC Common External Tariff application in the Kingdom of Bahrain | https://www.bahraincustoms.gov.bh/ | Bahrain Customs (national tariff authority) |
| Bahrain VAT (effective 1 January 2022) | https://www.nbr.gov.bh/ | National Bureau for Revenue (NBR) Bahrain |
| Bahrain EWA distribution code (LV interconnection) | https://www.ewa.bh/ | Electricity and Water Authority (EWA), Kingdom of Bahrain — Distribution Code publication portal |
| IEC 61727 — utility-interface characteristics of PV inverters | https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/6182 (cross-ref IEC 62116:2014) | International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), TC 82 |
| IEC 62116:2014 — anti-islanding test procedure | https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/6182 | International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), TC 82 — IEC 62116:2014 utility-interconnected PV inverters, anti-islanding test procedure |
| IEC 62109-1:2010 — safety of power converters, Part 1 | https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/6470 | International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), TC 82 — IEC 62109-1:2010 |
| IEC 62109-2:2011 — safety of power converters, Part 2 | https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/6471 | International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), TC 82 — IEC 62109-2:2011 |
| IEC 61000-6-2 / IEC 61000-6-4 — EMC | https://webstore.iec.ch/ (search by publication number) | International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) |
| ISO 9001:2015 — quality management systems (factory) | https://www.iso.org/standard/62085.html | International Organization for Standardization (ISO) |
| Incoterms 2020 — FOB / CFR / CIF transition (incl. ICC (A) clauses) | https://iccwbo.org/business-solutions/incoterms-rules/incoterms-2020/ | International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) |
| ISPM 15 — wood packaging marking | https://www.ippc.int/en/core-activities/standards-setting/ispms/ | International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) |
| Reference inverter — Sungrow string-inverter range (SG125HT / SG350HX class) | https://www.sungrowpower.com/en/products/string-inverter | Sungrow Power Supply Co., Ltd. |
| Reference inverter — Sungrow corporate identity (founded 1997) | https://www.sungrowpower.com/about.html | Sungrow Power Supply Co., Ltd. |
| Bounded defaults in §1 (0.5%/yr degradation, 1.5%/yr tariff escalation, 100% self-consumption, 1,500 kWh/kWp yield, 8.00% discount rate, 2.0% OpEx escalation) | Not cited — these are explicit bounded model assumptions, not sourced facts. See §1 bounded-assumption block. | |
| TradVolt RFQ (live site path) | https://tradvolt.com/rfq/ | TradVolt site |
Send us your SKU and project envelope. TradVolt replies with a binding landed-cost sheet within 48 hours, on your Incoterm and with the EWA-accepted certificate list attached.
This page is an illustrative TCO reference produced from a bounded scenario model. All CapEx/OpEx unit values and sub-totals in §2/§3 are pending lookup at RFQ stage; the line items that drive the model are the lump sums (150,000 USD CapEx; 2,500 USD/yr OpEx with 2.0% escalation) plus the bounded energy/yield/tariff assumptions stated in §1. No certificate number, logo or "No.1" claim is shown unless verified from the named issuing body. TradVolt does not publish prices or quotes on this page.
Under an illustrative all-in landed scenario, CapEx = 150,000 USD. Line-item unit values and sub-totals (OEM unit, packing, inland + ocean freight, marine insurance, Bahrain customs duty on HS 8504.40, NBR Bahrain VAT, customs broker, last-mile delivery, BoS auxiliaries) are pending lookup at RFQ stage.
Under the illustrative scenario (150,000 USD all-in CapEx, 0.080 USD/kWh self-consumption offset, 1,500 kWh/kWp specific yield, 8.00% discount rate, 25-year horizon, 2.0% OpEx escalation), simple payback = 3.75 years and discounted payback = 4.63 years. IRR = 27.18% and LCOE = 0.0338 USD/kWh. Real payback depends on the OEM unit price you are quoted, the actual duty applied, irradiance at the rooftop, and the self-consumption / PPA tariff structure negotiated with the off-taker. Not a quote.
IEC 61727 (utility interface), IEC 62116:2014 (anti-islanding), IEC 62109-1:2010 / IEC 62109-2:2011 (safety of power converters), the IECEE CB Scheme test certificate, and the Bahrain EWA Distribution Code (LV interconnection). The exact list of accepted certificates is set by the Electricity and Water Authority (EWA) and must be confirmed at project stage.
Static converters such as PV inverters are classified under HS 8504.40 in the WCO Harmonized System. The exact national sub-line, GCC CET rate and any Bahrain-specific VAT treatment must be confirmed against the Bahrain Customs national tariff at RFQ stage.
Yes — Bahrain introduced VAT at 10% effective 1 January 2022 under the NBR VAT Act. The applicable VAT line, any excise and any renewable-energy exemptions must be verified against the National Bureau for Revenue (NBR) Bahrain and Bahrain Customs at RFQ stage.
Use the RFQ form on this page. Required fields: product_sku (e.g. Sungrow SG350HX), qty + unit, incoterm (e.g. FOB Shanghai, CIF Khalifa Bin Salman), target_cert, destination_country = BH, buyer_email, buyer_company. TradVolt replies within 48 hours with a binding landed-cost sheet.