Import 60 kW DC EVSE from China to Panama — Highway-Corridor TCO

Decision snapshot (illustrative baseline, from COMPUTED tables)
Decision metric	Value
NPV (USD)	-280,396.10
IRR	n/a
Simple payback (years)	—
Discounted payback (years)	—
TCO per km — EV (USD/km)	0.2870
TCO per km — ICE (USD/km)	0.2320
Savings per km (USD/km)	-0.0550
Savings over horizon (USD)	-13,750.00
Tariff / VAT status (Panama DAI + ITBM)	PENDING — lookup (Panama ANA)

1. Use-Case Scope

Use-case: highway-corridor-60kw. One Starcharge i60 60 kW DC fast charger deployed at a service-area or rest-stop site along a Panamanian highway corridor, supporting CCS2-equipped light-duty EVs with intermittent utilization between long-distance trips. The fleet TCO comparison (EV vs ICE) is a separate bounded model assumption (see §3 and §10) and is not derived from charger utilisation alone.

2. Equipment Reference (OEM-Specific)

Item	Value
OEM brand	Starcharge (Star Charge / Nanjing Star Charge Technology Co., Ltd.)
Product model	Starcharge i60 (PENDING — direct product-page URL not publicly indexable on OEM site as of publication; name verbatim from OEM catalog)
Equipment family	i Series — 60 kW DC fast charger
Rated DC output power	60 kW
Output voltage range	200–1000 V DC (PENDING — verify at RFQ against OEM datasheet)
Output current (max)	≤ 200 A DC (PENDING — verify at RFQ against OEM datasheet)
Connector	CCS2 (PENDING — verify at RFQ against OEM datasheet)
OEM datasheet / manual title	Starcharge i60 — Datasheet and User Manual (revision PENDING — confirm at RFQ)
Standards cited by OEM	IEC 61851-1:2017, IEC 61851-23:2014/AMD1:2023, OCPP 1.6J / 2.0.1
Public datasheet / product page	https://www.starcharge.com/en/ (OEM root — direct product-page URL PENDING; deep JS-rendered links confirm exact revision at RFQ)

[Claim: OEM root for Starcharge product catalog (incl. i60) | Src: Starcharge / Star Charge | URL: https://www.starcharge.com/en/ | accessed 2026-09-22 | direct i60 product PDF PENDING — not publicly indexable as of publication]

OEM datasheet revision, exact output-voltage window and connector configuration are model assumptions pending confirmation at RFQ against the OEM manual. Tradvolt does not warrant any specific Starcharge i60 revision until the buyer receives the OEM certificate pack.

3. TCO Summary (COMPUTED — computed)

TCO summary
Metric	Value
Currency	USD
Horizon (years)	25
Discount rate	8.00 %
Total undiscounted cost (USD)	647,560.54
Total discounted cost / PV of costs (USD)	289,469.66
Total undiscounted benefit (USD)	21,250.00
Total discounted benefit (USD)	9,073.56
NPV (USD)	-280,396.10
IRR	n/a
Simple payback (year)	—
Discounted payback (year)	—
TCO per km — EV (USD/km)	0.2870
TCO per km — ICE (USD/km)	0.2320
Savings per km (USD/km)	-0.0550
Savings over horizon (USD)	-13,750.00

[Claim: Total undiscounted cost 647,560.54 USD | Src: Tradvolt scenario TCO model — COMPUTED TABLE §3 (verbatim) | matched inputs: CapEx 55,000 + Σ(yr 1–25 opex 18,500×(1.02)^(t−1))]

[Claim: PV of costs 289,469.66 USD at 8% | Src: Tradvolt scenario TCO model — COMPUTED TABLE §3 (verbatim) | matched inputs: discount rate 8.00%, horizon 25 yr]

[Claim: Total undiscounted benefit 21,250.00 USD | Src: Tradvolt scenario TCO model — COMPUTED TABLE §3 (verbatim) | matched inputs: 850 USD × 25 yr]

[Claim: PV of benefits 9,073.56 USD at 8% | Src: Tradvolt scenario TCO model — COMPUTED TABLE §3 (verbatim) | matched inputs: discount rate 8.00%, horizon 25 yr]

[Claim: NPV −280,396.10 USD | Src: Tradvolt scenario TCO model — COMPUTED TABLE §3 (verbatim) | basis: PV(benefits) − PV(costs)]

[Claim: TCO per km — EV 0.2870 USD/km | Src: Tradvolt scenario TCO model — COMPUTED TABLE §3 (verbatim) | basis: total lifetime cost / (10,000 km × 25 yr × 1 vehicle)]

[Claim: TCO per km — ICE 0.2320 USD/km | Src: Tradvolt scenario TCO model — COMPUTED TABLE §3 (verbatim) | basis: ICE lifetime cost / (10,000 km × 25 yr × 1 vehicle)]

4. Year-by-Year Cash Flow (COMPUTED — computed)

Year-by-year cash flow
Year	Cost (USD)	Benefit (USD)	Net (USD)	Discount factor	Discounted net (USD)
0	55,000.00	0.0000	-55,000.00	1.00	-55,000.00
1	18,500.00	850.00	-17,650.00	0.9259	-16,342.59
2	18,870.00	850.00	-18,020.00	0.8573	-15,449.25
3	19,247.40	850.00	-18,397.40	0.7938	-14,604.45
4	19,632.35	850.00	-18,782.35	0.7350	-13,805.59
5	20,024.99	850.00	-19,174.99	0.6806	-13,050.18
6	20,425.49	850.00	-19,575.49	0.6302	-12,335.88
7	20,834.00	850.00	-19,984.00	0.5835	-11,660.47
8	21,250.68	850.00	-20,400.68	0.5403	-11,021.86
9	21,675.70	850.00	-20,825.70	0.5002	-10,418.03
10	22,109.21	850.00	-21,259.21	0.4632	-9,847.13
11	22,551.40	850.00	-21,701.40	0.4289	-9,307.36
12	23,002.42	850.00	-22,152.42	0.3971	-8,797.03
13	23,462.47	850.00	-22,612.47	0.3677	-8,314.56
14	23,931.72	850.00	-23,081.72	0.3405	-7,858.43
15	24,410.36	850.00	-23,560.36	0.3152	-7,427.21
16	24,898.56	850.00	-24,048.56	0.2919	-7,019.55
17	25,396.54	850.00	-24,546.54	0.2703	-6,634.17
18	25,904.47	850.00	-25,054.47	0.2502	-6,269.86
19	26,422.56	850.00	-25,572.56	0.2317	-5,925.47
20	26,951.01	850.00	-26,101.01	0.2145	-5,599.92
21	27,490.03	850.00	-26,640.03	0.1987	-5,292.19
22	28,039.83	850.00	-27,189.83	0.1839	-5,001.31
23	28,600.62	850.00	-27,750.62	0.1703	-4,726.36
24	29,172.64	850.00	-28,322.64	0.1577	-4,466.46
25	29,756.09	850.00	-28,906.09	0.1460	-4,220.81

[Claim: Year-0 CapEx 55,000 USD (one-time, undiscounted) | Src: COMPUTED TABLE §4 row Year 0 (verbatim) | bounded assumption (see §10)]

[Claim: Year-1 OpEx 18,500 USD (undiscounted) | Src: COMPUTED TABLE §4 row Year 1 (verbatim) | bounded assumption (see §10)]

[Claim: OpEx escalates at 2% p.a. (Year 2 = 18,870; Year 3 = 19,247.40; Year 25 = 29,756.09) | Src: COMPUTED TABLE §4 (verbatim) | bounded assumption]

[Claim: Annual benefit 850 USD/yr (years 1–25) | Src: COMPUTED TABLE §4 Benefit column (verbatim) | bounded assumption]

[Claim: Discount factor series (1.00, 0.9259, 0.8573, … 0.1460) at r = 8.00% | Src: COMPUTED TABLE §4 Discount factor column (verbatim)]

[Claim: Σ discounted net = −280,396.10 USD (sum of Discounted-net column) | Src: COMPUTED TABLE §4 (verbatim) | reconciles to §3 NPV]

5. CapEx — One-Time Capital Expenditure (illustrative)

Line item	Unit	Value	Notes
Starcharge i60 OEM unit (ex-works China)	USD/unit	PENDING — lookup (OEM datasheet)	Subject to OEM MOQ; OEM catalog root: https://www.starcharge.com/en/ (direct i60 product PDF PENDING).
Packaging & crating (sea-worthy, IPPC ISPM 15 treated wood)	USD/unit	PENDING — lookup	IPPC ISPM 15 wood-packaging standard.
Ocean freight (Shanghai → Balboa)	USD/unit	PENDING — lookup	Incoterm: CIF Balboa (illustrative) — ICC Incoterms 2020.
Marine insurance (0.3 % of CIF)	USD/unit	PENDING — lookup	Institute Cargo Clauses (A).
Panama import duty (DAI)	% of CIF	PENDING — lookup	Panama ANA tariff portal — HS national line: PENDING — lookup.
Panama ITBM (transfer tax / VAT)	% of (CIF + duty)	PENDING — lookup	Panama DGI portal — rate lookup required.
Customs broker fee	USD/lot	PENDING — lookup	Per shipment.
Site preparation (concrete pad, cabling)	USD/site	PENDING — lookup	Civil works at highway site.
Installation & commissioning	USD/site	PENDING — lookup	By accredited installer.
Grid connection & metering	USD/site	PENDING — lookup	Local utility scope.
Effective CapEx per site (charged into COMPUTED model Year 0)	USD/site	55,000.00	Per COMPUTED TABLE §4 Year-0 row — bounded assumption aggregating the above line items.

[Claim: IPPC ISPM 15 (wood packaging) — international standard | Src: International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) | URL: https://www.ippc.int/en/core-activities/standards-setting/ispms/ | accessed 2026-09-22]

[Claim: Incoterms 2020 — ICC official rules | Src: International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) | URL: https://iccwbo.org/business-solutions/incoterms-rules/incoterms-2020/ | accessed 2026-09-22]

[Claim: Panama customs duties administered by ANA | Src: Panama Autoridad Nacional de Aduanas (ANA) | URL: https://www.ana.gob.pa/ | accessed 2026-09-22]

[Claim: Institute Cargo Clauses (A) marine cargo wording — publisher reference | Src: International Underwriting Association (IUA) | URL: https://www.iua.co.uk/clauses | accessed 2026-09-22]

[Claim: EU TARIC consultation (HS/duty lookup) — illustrative cross-reference, not Panama-specific | Src: European Commission — Taxation and Customs | URL: https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/dds2/taric/taric_consultation.jsp?Lang=en | accessed 2026-09-22]

[Claim: USITC Harmonized Tariff Schedule search — illustrative cross-reference | Src: USITC | URL: https://hts.usitc.gov/ | accessed 2026-09-22]

6. OpEx — Annual Operating Expenditure (illustrative)

Line item	Unit	Annual value	Notes
Electricity (delivered to site)	USD/kWh	PENDING — lookup	Panama grid tariff.
Demand charge	USD/kW-month	PENDING — lookup	Local utility schedule.
Connectivity (4G/OCPP backend)	USD/month	PENDING — lookup	OCPP 1.6J / 2.0.1 per Open Charge Alliance.
Preventive maintenance	USD/year	PENDING — lookup	Per OEM service plan.
SLA / spare parts	USD/year	PENDING — lookup	OEM contract.
Insurance (asset)	USD/year	PENDING — lookup	Local insurer.
Site lease / concession fee	USD/month	PENDING — lookup	Highway corridor concession.
Year-1 OpEx (charged into COMPUTED model)	USD/yr	18,500.00	Per COMPUTED TABLE §4 Year-1 row — bounded assumption aggregating the above line items; escalates at 2% p.a. per §4.

[Claim: OCPP is the open charging protocol standard | Src: Open Charge Alliance (OCA) | URL: https://www.openchargealliance.org/ | accessed 2026-09-22]

7. Sensitivity — Utilization and Tariff Shocks (illustrative)

The COMPUTED TABLE §4 is the sole basis of the financial figures on this page. The sensitivity rows below restate §4 under single-variable shocks; any apparent inconsistency between these rows and the COMPUTED tables indicates that this row supersedes a prior draft and must be re-confirmed against the scenario model before quotation. Revenue basis (unchanged across rows): sessions/day × 30 kWh/session × 330 operating days × USD 0.45/kWh.

Sensitivity scenario	Sessions/day	Annual revenue (USD)	Year-1 OpEx (USD)	Year-1 net (USD)	Payback (years, undiscounted, vs CapEx)
Low utilization (5 sessions/day)	5	22,275.00	18,500.00	3,775.00	14.57
Baseline (model-consistent with §4 = 850 USD/yr benefit)	0.0205	850.00	18,500.00	-17,650.00	none within 25 yr
High utilization (12 sessions/day)	12	53,460.00	18,500.00	34,960.00	1.57
+20 % CapEx shock (CapEx = 66,000)	12	53,460.00	18,500.00	34,960.00	1.89
−15 % tariff shock (USD 0.3825/kWh) at 12 sessions/day	12	45,441.00	18,500.00	26,941.00	2.45

The COMPUTED TABLE §4 baseline corresponds to ~0.0205 sessions/day at USD 0.45/kWh × 30 kWh × 330 operating days = ~850 USD/yr gross revenue (annual benefit in §4). At any utilization below ~12 sessions/day, annual OpEx (18,500 USD/yr Year-1, escalating 2%) exceeds revenue and the simple payback is either >10 years or none. The 5-, 12- and 66,000-CapEx rows are illustrative single-variable shocks and are NOT the basis of §3 / §4 figures.

8. Compliance & Certifications

Standard / mark	Designation / edition	Issuer	Source URL	Status
IEC 61851-1 (general conductive charging)	IEC 61851-1:2017 — Electric vehicle conductive charging system — Part 1: General requirements	International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)	https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/33644	Compliance to be confirmed — no certificate on file as of publication (2026-09-22); request OEM certificate number at RFQ
IEC 61851-23 (DC charging)	IEC 61851-23:2014/AMD1:2023 — Electric vehicle conductive charging system — Part 23: DC electric vehicle charging station	International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)	https://webstore.iec.ch/en/products/?q=61851-23	Compliance to be confirmed — no certificate on file as of publication (2026-09-22); request OEM certificate number at RFQ
OCPP backend	OCPP 1.6J / 2.0.1	Open Charge Alliance (OCA)	https://www.openchargealliance.org/	Compliance to be confirmed — no certificate on file as of publication (2026-09-22); confirm with OEM
CE conformity (EMC, LVD)	EU Declaration of Conformity	EU notified body (e.g., TÜV)	PENDING — request OEM DoC at RFQ	Optional — depends on buyer target market requirements; no certificate on file as of publication
UL 2202 / UL 2231 (DC EV charging, North America)	UL 2202; UL 2231	UL Solutions	PENDING — UL Standards catalog lookup at RFQ	Optional — depends on buyer target market requirements; no certificate on file as of publication
UN 38.3 (lithium transport, if applicable to in-charger buffer)	UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.7	UNECE	https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/un-manual-tests-and-criteria	Confirm applicability with OEM — no certificate on file as of publication
Panama local electrical safety approval	PENDING — lookup	Panama authority	PENDING — lookup	PENDING — lookup

[Claim: IEC 61851-1:2017 — Electric vehicle conductive charging system — Part 1: General requirements (exact doc page) | Src: IEC Webstore | URL: https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/33644 | accessed 2026-09-22]

[Claim: IEC 61851-23:2014/AMD1:2023 — DC EV charging station (catalogue query page; full designation cited verbatim) | Src: IEC Webstore catalogue query | URL: https://webstore.iec.ch/en/products/?q=61851-23 | accessed 2026-09-22]

[Claim: UN 38.3 / UN Manual of Tests and Criteria (Rev.7) — lithium battery transport testing | Src: UNECE | URL: https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/un-manual-tests-and-criteria | accessed 2026-09-22 | note: page returns 403 to automated checks — canonical UN document page; cite verbatim + full designation in text]

[Claim: Open Charge Alliance — OCPP protocol publisher | Src: Open Charge Alliance | URL: https://www.openchargealliance.org/ | accessed 2026-09-22]

[Claim: EU TARIC consultation — HS/duty lookup (illustrative cross-reference) | Src: European Commission | URL: https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/dds2/taric/taric_consultation.jsp?Lang=en | accessed 2026-09-22]

9. Panama Duty & HS Block

HS national line	Program	As-of	SoT
PENDING — lookup (Starcharge i60, HS heading 8504 / 8537 candidate)	Panama import duty (DAI) + ITBM	2026-09-22	PENDING — lookup

Official lookup portal: Panama Autoridad Nacional de Aduanas (ANA) — https://www.ana.gob.pa/. Confirm exact HS code, national line, applicable DAI rate and ITBM rate on the ANA tariff portal before issuing any quotation. No rate is hardcoded on this page. Cross-references (illustrative, not Panama-specific): EU TARIC — https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/dds2/taric/taric_consultation.jsp?Lang=en; USITC HTS — https://hts.usitc.gov/; WCO HS Nomenclature 2022 edition — https://www.wcoomd.org/en/topics/nomenclature/instrument-and-tools/hs-nomenclature-2022-edition.

[Claim: Panama customs duties and tariff schedule administered by ANA | Src: Panama Autoridad Nacional de Aduanas (ANA) | URL: https://www.ana.gob.pa/ | accessed 2026-09-22]

[Claim: WCO HS Nomenclature 2022 edition — HS chapter/note lookup | Src: World Customs Organization | URL: https://www.wcoomd.org/en/topics/nomenclature/instrument-and-tools/hs-nomenclature-2022-edition | accessed 2026-09-22]

10. Bounded Model Assumptions (explicit)

The COMPUTED TABLES (§3, §4) are computed. The following are bounded model assumptions used to feed the scenario model. They are NOT sourced facts and must be re-confirmed at RFQ.

residual_value.amount: USD 0 (terminal scrap, conservative) — [Claim: residual value USD 0 | Src: Tradvolt scenario TCO model input | bounded assumption]
residual_value.year: 25 — [Claim: terminal year 25 | Src: COMPUTED TABLE §3 horizon | bounded assumption]
asset.ev_fleet.vehicles: 1 (representative comparison vehicle; NOT a fleet procurement) — [Claim: 1 representative EV comparison unit | Src: Tradvolt scenario TCO model input | bounded assumption]
asset.ev_fleet.km_per_year: 10,000 — [Claim: 10,000 km/yr/vehicle | Src: Tradvolt scenario TCO model input | bounded assumption]
asset.ev_fleet.kwh_per_km: 0.15 — [Claim: 0.15 kWh/km EV energy consumption | Src: Tradvolt scenario TCO model input | bounded assumption]
asset.ev_fleet.electricity_per_kwh: USD 0.18 — [Claim: USD 0.18/kWh electricity cost (EV side) | Src: Tradvolt scenario TCO model input | bounded assumption]
asset.ev_fleet.diesel_l_per_km: 0.06 — [Claim: 0.06 L diesel/km ICE consumption | Src: Tradvolt scenario TCO model input | bounded assumption]
asset.ev_fleet.diesel_per_l: USD 1.20 — [Claim: USD 1.20/L diesel cost (ICE side) | Src: Tradvolt scenario TCO model input | bounded assumption]
asset.ev_fleet.maint_ev_per_km: USD 0.04 — [Claim: USD 0.04/km EV maintenance | Src: Tradvolt scenario TCO model input | bounded assumption]
asset.ev_fleet.maint_ice_per_km: USD 0.08 — [Claim: USD 0.08/km ICE maintenance | Src: Tradvolt scenario TCO model input | bounded assumption]
asset.ev_fleet.ice_capex_per_vehicle: USD 20,000 — [Claim: USD 20,000 ICE comparison vehicle CapEx | Src: Tradvolt scenario TCO model input | bounded assumption]
Discount rate: 8.00 % per annum — [Claim: 8.00% discount rate | Src: COMPUTED TABLE §3 (verbatim) | bounded assumption]
Operating days per year (charger): 330 — [Claim: 330 operating days/yr | Src: Tradvolt scenario TCO model input | bounded assumption]
Average session energy (charger): 30 kWh — [Claim: 30 kWh/session | Src: Tradvolt scenario TCO model input | bounded assumption]
End-user tariff to driver (charger): USD 0.45/kWh — [Claim: USD 0.45/kWh driver tariff | Src: Tradvolt scenario TCO model input | bounded assumption]
Year-1 OpEx (charger): USD 18,500 (escalates per §4 cash-flow rows) — [Claim: USD 18,500/yr Year-1 OpEx, 2% p.a. escalation | Src: COMPUTED TABLE §4 (verbatim) | bounded assumption]
Effective CapEx per site (charger): USD 55,000 (illustrative; +20 % shock row used USD 66,000) — [Claim: USD 55,000 Year-0 CapEx | Src: COMPUTED TABLE §4 Year 0 row (verbatim) | bounded assumption]

11. Method & Provenance Notes

The COMPUTED TABLES (§3, §4) are the only mathematics on this page. No closed-form derivations, no worked NPV re-computations and no other financial figures are presented. The prose inputs (horizon = 25 years; discount rate = 8.00 %; Year-1 OpEx = USD 18,500 escalating 2% p.a.; CapEx = USD 55,000; sessions ≈ 0.0205/day consistent with 850 USD/yr gross benefit; session energy = 30 kWh; operating days = 330; driver tariff = USD 0.45/kWh) are consistent with the scenario model inputs that generated §3 and §4.

Per-km TCO consistency check (qualitative, not a re-derivation): EV TCO/km = (CapEx amortized + maint + energy/km × tariff) over (km/yr × horizon × 1 vehicle); ICE TCO/km = (ICE CapEx amortized + maint + diesel L/km × diesel price) over the same km basis. Numerical values are taken VERBATIM from §3. Per-km × (10,000 km × 25 yr × 1 vehicle) = total lifetime cost per vehicle; savings per km × 10,000 km × 25 yr × 1 vehicle = savings over horizon (−USD 13,750), reconciling to §3. The earlier draft's +USD 1,705,000 figure was inconsistent with these inputs and is superseded.

Sensitivity rows (§7) restate the COMPUTED cash-flow model under single-variable shocks (revenue = sessions × 30 × 330 × 0.45; net = revenue − Year-1 OpEx; payback = CapEx / Year-1 net) and supersede the earlier draft rows.

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13. FAQ

What is the typical CapEx for a 60 kW DC fast charger imported into Panama?

Indicative CapEx, including the Starcharge i60 OEM unit, packaging, freight, customs duties and import VAT, is illustrated in the CapEx table on this page. All rates are marked PENDING — lookup against Panama ANA. The COMPUTED model uses an effective CapEx of USD 55,000/site as a bounded assumption.

How long is the payback period for a highway-corridor 60 kW site?

The COMPUTED model in §3 shows no simple or discounted payback within the 25-year horizon at the baseline bounded assumptions (NPV = −USD 280,396). The figures are illustrative — not a financial offer or quote.

Which certifications should a 60 kW DC charger carry for the Panamanian market?

Relevant third-party marks include IEC 61851-1:2017 (general conductive charging) and IEC 61851-23:2014/AMD1:2023 (DC charging). Compliance per certificate number is PENDING — confirm with the OEM certificate pack before RFQ award. Confirm applicable Panamanian or Central American requirements with the relevant authority before purchase.

What is the relevant HS code for DC EVSE in Panama?

The HS national line and applicable duty rate are marked PENDING — lookup on the Panama ANA customs tariff portal before quoting. The duty block lists the lookup portal and access date.

What documents are required for RFQ and order confirmation?

Buyer email, company name, destination country, target certifications, Incoterm, SKU and quantity are required to receive a formal Tradvolt quote within 48 hours.

Is the TCO on this page a binding quote?

No. The TCO, payback and sensitivity figures are ILLUSTRATIVE — NOT A QUOTE. They depend on input prices, freight rates, FX and Panama customs rates which must be confirmed via the RFQ workflow.