Verdict (illustrative model output, evidence date 2026-09-21, equipment: generic 500 kWh LFP container / Ecuador hospital-backup use case, horizon: 25 years): At the model defaults stated in §11, the project does not recover CapEx within 25 years. NPV = -235,823.96 USD; discounted payback = none; simple payback = none; LCOS = 0.3207 USD/kWh. Replace the bounded defaults below with an OEM line-item quote and Ecuador utility tariff before any commercial commitment — this page is illustrative, not a quote.
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Currency | USD |
| Horizon (years) | 25 |
| Discount rate | 8.00 % |
| Total undiscounted cost (USD) | 588,303.00 |
| Total discounted cost / PV of costs (USD) | 394,740.36 |
| Total undiscounted benefit (USD) | 345,526.42 |
| Total discounted benefit (USD) | 158,916.40 |
| NPV (USD) | -235,823.96 |
| IRR | n/a |
| Simple payback (year) | — |
| Discounted payback (year) | — |
| LCOS (USD/kWh) | 0.3207 |
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This page is a generic TCO framework. The product spec rows below describe the typical envelope for a 500 kWh LFP container and are not tied to a specific OEM datasheet. Replace with a real OEM model + datasheet PDF before RFQ (see §10 for the OEM short-list and product-page URLs).
| Parameter | Typical envelope | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Cell chemistry | LFP (LiFePO4) | Model assumption — generic 500 kWh container class |
| Nominal energy | ~500 kWh | Model assumption — generic 500 kWh container class |
| Round-trip efficiency | asset.ess.round_trip_eff per §11 | Model assumption (§11) |
| Usable energy | asset.ess.usable_pct of nominal per §11 | Model assumption (§11) |
| Cycle life / degradation | asset.ess.cycles_per_year and asset.ess.degradation_pct_per_year per §11 | Model assumption (§11) |
| Voltage, PCS kW, IP, cooling, comms, warranty | OEM-pending — see §10 short-list and §7 compliance | Model assumption (§11); confirm with OEM certificate register |
The year-0 CapEx of 268,000.00 USD used in the cash-flow table is the figure entered into the scenario model. The line-item breakdown is a placeholder until OEM line-item quote + Ecuador broker/freightforwarder quotes are received.
| Line | Model input | Note / source |
|---|---|---|
| Battery container 500 kWh (EXW) | PENDING | OEM line-item quote (see §10) |
| PCS / hybrid inverter | PENDING | OEM line-item quote |
| EMS / SCADA | PENDING | OEM line-item quote |
| LV switchgear + transformer (if required) | PENDING | OEM line-item quote |
| Spare parts kit (≈2 % of EXW) | PENDING | OEM line-item quote |
| Sea freight (CN → Guayaquil or Esmeraldas) | PENDING | Freight forwarder quote |
| Insurance (0.3–0.5 % of CIF) | PENDING | Marine cargo insurer |
| Customs broker fee | PENDING | Ecuador broker |
| Inland transport (port → site) | PENDING | Ecuador logistics |
| Civil / foundation / canopy | PENDING | Site contractor |
| Installation & commissioning (EPC) | PENDING | EPC contractor |
| Contingency (5 %) | PENDING | Internal rule |
| Duties & taxes | PENDING | SENAE Consultas de Arancel (§5) |
| Year-0 landed CapEx (model input) | 268,000.00 USD | Scenario model — year-0 row of §3 cash-flow table |
The model assumes a year-1 OpEx of 10,000 USD growing at 2 % per year (rows 1–25 of the cash-flow table). Specific OpEx lines are PENDING until the OEM service contract is quoted.
| Line | Note |
|---|---|
| Preventive maintenance | OEM service contract |
| Spare parts consumption | OEM recommendation |
| Remote monitoring (SaaS) | OEM portal |
| Auxiliaries (cooling, lighting, BMS) | OEM pending |
| Insurance (post-commissioning) | Local insurer |
| Decommissioning reserve (annualised) | Site policy; bounded default in §11 |
| Model OpEx year 1 | 10,000.00 USD (2 %/yr escalation, per §3 cash-flow rows) |
Year-1 energy = 135,000 kWh; subsequent years degrade per asset.ess.degradation_pct_per_year in §11. Year-1 benefit = 17,427.27 USD; the model uses a flat asset.ess.value_per_kwh_discharged (USD/kWh) for the discharge value and adds asset.ess.charge_cost_per_kwh on the charging side. The same effective discharge value implies year-1 gross benefit of 17,427.27 USD on 135,000 kWh.
Look up the 10-digit national line via the SENAE Consultas de Arancel and validate against the EU/UN/WCO harmonised schedule. Rates must be reconfirmed the day of shipment. The harmonised reference for lithium-ion accumulators is HS 8507.60 per the WCO HS 2022 explanatory notes.
| HS reference | Program | Rate | Specific document / URL |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8507.60 (WCO HS 2022 explanatory notes) | WCO Harmonised System — lithium-ion accumulators | Reference subheading | WCO — HS 2022 explanatory notes entry |
| National 10-digit line (PENDING) | Ecuador Ad Valorem (ad-valorem arancelario) | PENDING — lookup | SENAE Consultas de Arancel — https://www.aduana.gob.ec/consultas-de-aranceles/ (accessed 2026-09-21) |
| National 10-digit line (PENDING) | ICE (Impuesto a los Consumos Especiales) | PENDING — lookup | SRI — https://www.sri.gob.ec/impuesto-a-los-consumos-especiales-ice (accessed 2026-09-21) |
| National 10-digit line (PENDING) | IVA (VAT) | PENDING — lookup | SRI IVA — https://www.sri.gob.ec/impuesto-al-valor-agregado-iva (accessed 2026-09-21) |
| National 10-digit line (PENDING) | Andean Community / trade-agreement preference (if any) | PENDING — lookup | SENAE Consultas / PROECUADOR — https://www.aduana.gob.ec/ (accessed 2026-09-21) |
| Standard / certificate | Scope | Specific document URL | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| IEC 62619:2022 | Secondary lithium cells for industrial applications | IEC Webstore — IEC 62619:2022 product page | OEM pending |
| IEC 63056:2020 | Secondary lithium cells for stationary applications | IEC Webstore — IEC 63056:2020 product page | OEM pending |
| UN 38.3, Section 38.3.4 (T.1–T.8) | Transport of lithium batteries | UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, 8th revised edition, Section 38.3 — UN ECE publications portal (accessed 2026-09-21) | OEM pending |
| UL 9540A:2019 | BESS fire-propagation test method | UL Solutions Standards — UL 9540A product page | OEM pending |
| UL 9540:2023 | Energy storage systems and equipment | UL Solutions Standards — UL 9540 product page | OEM pending |
| IEC 62477 / IEC 61800 | Power electronic converters / PCS | IEC Webstore — IEC 62477-1 product page | OEM pending |
| Local Ecuador approval (ARCSA / fire / electrical authority) | Site acceptance for medical location | ARCSA — https://www.controlsanitario.gob.ec/ (accessed 2026-09-21) | Site engineer to confirm |
Do not state certificate numbers, accreditation bodies or logos unless the OEM certificate register PDF is attached.
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Minimum RFQ fields:
| Field | Example / value |
|---|---|
| product_sku | lfp-500kwh-container-vertical (generic) |
| qty + unit | 1 × 500 kWh container |
| incoterm | CIF Guayaquil / EXW Shenzhen / DDP site |
| target_cert | IEC 62619 + UN 38.3 + UL 9540A |
| destination_country | Ecuador |
| buyer_email | [email protected] |
| buyer_company | Hospital name |
Q1. What HS code applies to an LFP container BESS imported into Ecuador?
The harmonised reference for lithium-ion accumulators is HS 8507.60 (WCO HS 2022 explanatory notes). The Ecuadorian 10-digit national line is PENDING — confirm via SENAE Consultas de Arancel the day of shipment. Final classification must be issued by a licensed Ecuadorian customs broker. Src: WCO HS 2022 + SENAE — WCO, SENAE Consultas de Arancel | accessed 2026-09-21.
Q2. What import duties and taxes apply in Ecuador?
Ecuador applies Ad Valorem (ad-valorem arancelario), the ICE tax where applicable, and IVA. Specific rates and any Andean Community / trade-agreement preferences are PENDING — lookup via SENAE Consultas / SRI. Rates change; validate the day of shipment. Src: SENAE Consultas + SRI — SENAE, SRI IVA | accessed 2026-09-21.
Q3. Which certifications should be requested from the OEM before shipment?
At minimum: IEC 62619:2022 (industrial secondary lithium cells), UN 38.3 Section 38.3.4 (T.1–T.8) (lithium battery transport), and UL 9540A (BESS fire-propagation test method). Exact certificate numbers, revision dates and accreditation bodies must be provided in the OEM certificate register PDF before RFQ is committed. Src: IEC Webstore (IEC 62619, IEC 63056) — IEC 62619, IEC 63056; UN ECE Manual of Tests and Criteria — UN ECE; UL Solutions — UL 9540A | accessed 2026-09-21.
Q4. What does the scenario TCO model show?
NPV = -235,823.96 USD at 8.00 % over 25 years. Simple payback and discounted payback are not reached within the horizon. LCOS = 0.3207 USD/kWh. The negative NPV indicates the bounded defaults in §11 do not repay the year-0 CapEx; raise discharge value (USD/kWh) or lower CapEx / discount rate to reach payback. Src: tradvolt.com scenario model (this page §3) | accessed 2026-09-21.
Q5. Is a 500 kWh LFP container suitable for hospital backup in Ecuador?
500 kWh LFP containers are widely shipped from Chinese OEMs in this size class, but suitability for medical locations requires compliance with local regulations (ARCSA / fire code) and inverter/bypass coordination; confirm with the engineering team. Src: ARCSA — https://www.controlsanitario.gob.ec/ | accessed 2026-09-21.
Q6. What is the warranty baseline to negotiate?
Industry baseline for LFP cells in BESS is 10 years or a defined MWh throughput, with cycle count and end-of-life SOH specified. Specific terms are OEM-pending before RFQ. Src: OEM pending | URL: /rfq/ | accessed 2026-09-21.
| Year | Cost (USD) | Benefit (USD) | Net (USD) | Discount factor | Discounted net (USD) | Energy (kWh) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 268,000.00 | 0.0000 | -268,000.00 | 1.00 | -268,000.00 | 0.0000 |
| 1 | 10,000.00 | 17,427.27 | 7,427.27 | 0.9259 | 6,877.10 | 135,000.00 |
| 2 | 10,200.00 | 17,078.73 | 6,878.73 | 0.8573 | 5,897.40 | 132,300.00 |
| 3 | 10,404.00 | 16,737.15 | 6,333.15 | 0.7938 | 5,027.46 | 129,654.00 |
| 4 | 10,612.08 | 16,402.41 | 5,790.33 | 0.7350 | 4,256.07 | 127,060.92 |
| 5 | 10,824.32 | 16,074.36 | 5,250.04 | 0.6806 | 3,573.09 | 124,519.70 |
| 6 | 11,040.81 | 15,752.87 | 4,712.07 | 0.6302 | 2,969.40 | 122,029.31 |
| 7 | 11,261.62 | 15,437.82 | 4,176.19 | 0.5835 | 2,436.77 | 119,588.72 |
| 8 | 11,486.86 | 15,129.06 | 3,642.20 | 0.5403 | 1,967.77 | 117,196.95 |
| 9 | 11,716.59 | 14,826.48 | 3,109.89 | 0.5002 | 1,555.72 | 114,853.01 |
| 10 | 11,950.93 | 14,529.95 | 2,579.02 | 0.4632 | 1,194.59 | 112,555.95 |
| 11 | 12,189.94 | 14,239.35 | 2,049.41 | 0.4289 | 878.96 | 110,304.83 |
| 12 | 12,433.74 | 13,954.56 | 1,520.82 | 0.3971 | 603.94 | 108,098.73 |
| 13 | 12,682.42 | 13,675.47 | 993.05 | 0.3677 | 365.14 | 105,936.76 |
| 14 | 12,936.07 | 13,401.96 | 465.90 | 0.3405 | 158.62 | 103,818.02 |
| 15 | 13,194.79 | 13,133.92 | -60.86 | 0.3152 | -19.19 | 101,741.66 |
| 16 | 13,458.68 | 12,871.25 | -587.44 | 0.2919 | -171.47 | 99,706.83 |
| 17 | 13,727.86 | 12,613.82 | -1,114.04 | 0.2703 | -301.09 | 97,712.69 |
| 18 | 14,002.41 | 12,361.54 | -1,640.87 | 0.2502 | -410.63 | 95,758.44 |
| 19 | 14,282.46 | 12,114.31 | -2,168.15 | 0.2317 | -502.39 | 93,843.27 |
| 20 | 14,568.11 | 11,872.03 | -2,696.08 | 0.2145 | -578.44 | 91,966.40 |
| 21 | 14,859.47 | 11,634.59 | -3,224.89 | 0.1987 | -640.64 | 90,127.08 |
| 22 | 15,156.66 | 11,401.89 | -3,754.77 | 0.1839 | -690.65 | 88,324.53 |
| 23 | 15,459.80 | 11,173.86 | -4,285.94 | 0.1703 | -729.96 | 86,558.04 |
| 24 | 15,768.99 | 10,950.38 | -4,818.61 | 0.1577 | -759.89 | 84,826.88 |
| 25 | 16,084.37 | 10,731.37 | -5,353.00 | 0.1460 | -781.63 | 83,130.35 |
For RFQ, pick one OEM and quote its exact model + datasheet revision. The table below lists real, marketed models with their public product-page URLs; this page does not certify any of them, it only short-lists them as candidates.
| OEM | Real product model / family | Class | Public product page / datasheet URL |
|---|---|---|---|
| CATL | EnerC (containerised BESS) | ≈500 kWh / multi-MWh container class | https://www.catl.com/en/enerc/ |
| BYD | MCube (commercial BESS container) | ~500 kWh-class | https://www.byd.com/energy.html |
| Sungrow | ST500CP / PowerTitan series | ~500 kWh-class | https://en.sungrowpower.com/power-titan |
| Huawei | Smart String ESS LUNA2000 / Smart String ESS (BESS, container class) | Containerised BESS | https://e.huawei.com/en/products/clean-energy/solar/smart-string-ess |
| Growatt | APX series / GBLI series | Commercial BESS | https://www.growatt.com/product/ess |
For RFQ, lock one OEM and confirm the exact model + datasheet revision, torque, SOC window, voltage limits, IP, cooling and warranty terms. Model selection is OEM-pending on this page.
The cash-flow table is produced from the following bounded defaults. Replace each with OEM- or site-confirmed values before commitment.
| Input key | Description | Default used | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| residual_value.amount | End-of-horizon residual value of the BESS | 0.00 USD | Model assumption (bounded) |
| residual_value.year | Year in horizon at which residual is booked | 25 | Model assumption (bounded) |
| asset.ess.usable_pct | Share of nominal energy that is dispatchable (DoD cap) | ≈90 % of nominal | Model assumption (bounded) — confirm vs OEM DoD |
| asset.ess.round_trip_eff | AC-AC round-trip efficiency (incl. auxiliaries) | ≈0.88 (DC-DC ≈0.95) | Model assumption (bounded) — confirm vs OEM RTE |
| asset.ess.cycles_per_year | Equivalent full cycles per year used for benefit derivation | 1 (135,000 kWh from 500 kWh-class at ~270 cycles/yr scaled) | Model assumption (bounded) |
| asset.ess.degradation_pct_per_year | Year-on-year loss of usable capacity | 2.0 % / yr | Model assumption (bounded) — confirm vs OEM datasheet |
| asset.ess.charge_cost_per_kwh | Cost to charge 1 kWh of usable energy (USD/kWh) | ≈0 (assumes discharge value already net of charging cost) | Model assumption (bounded) |
| asset.ess.value_per_kwh_discharged | Realised value per kWh discharged (USD/kWh) | derived from year-1 benefit / year-1 energy ≈ 0.1291 USD/kWh | Model assumption (bounded) — site-confirm |
| # | Claim | Source name | URL | Accessed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C1 | Lithium-ion accumulators fall under WCO HS 2022 subheading 8507.60 | World Customs Organization — HS 2022 explanatory notes | https://www.wcoomd.org/en/topics/nomenclature/instrument-and-tools/hs-nomenclature-2022-edition.aspx | 2026-09-21 |
| C2 | Ecuador Ad Valorem, ICE and IVA are administered by SENAE and SRI respectively | SENAE Consultas de Arancel; SRI IVA / ICE pages | https://www.aduana.gob.ec/consultas-de-aranceles/; https://www.sri.gob.ec/impuesto-al-valor-agregado-iva; https://www.sri.gob.ec/impuesto-a-los-consumos-especiales-ice | 2026-09-21 |
| C3 | Secondary lithium cells for industrial applications are covered by IEC 62619:2022 | IEC Webstore | https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/31012 | 2026-09-21 |
| C4 | Stationary lithium cells are covered by IEC 63056:2020 | IEC Webstore | https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/25325 | 2026-09-21 |
| C5 | UN 38.3 (T.1–T.8) is the transport test regime for lithium batteries | UN ECE — Manual of Tests and Criteria | https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/publications | 2026-09-21 |
| C6 | BESS fire-propagation test method is UL 9540A | UL Solutions Standards | https://www.shopulstandards.com/ProductDetail.aspx?UniqueKey=36329 | 2026-09-21 |
| C7 | Power electronic converters / PCS are covered by IEC 62477-1 | IEC Webstore | https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/22940 | 2026-09-21 |
| C8 | Local Ecuador medical / sanitary authority is ARCSA | ARCSA — Agencia Nacional de Regulación, Control y Vigilancia Sanitaria | https://www.controlsanitario.gob.ec/ | 2026-09-21 |
| C9 | NPV, LCOS, payback, IRR and cash-flow rows in §3 and the summary table | tradvolt.com scenario TCO model (this page §3 + §9) | — | 2026-09-21 |
| C10 | CATL EnerC containerised BESS product family | CATL product page | https://www.catl.com/en/enerc/ | 2026-09-21 |
| C11 | BYD MCube commercial BESS container product family | BYD energy product page | https://www.byd.com/energy.html | 2026-09-21 |
| C12 | Sungrow PowerTitan / ST500CP product family | Sungrow product page | https://en.sungrowpower.com/power-titan | 2026-09-21 |
| C13 | Huawei Smart String ESS product family | Huawei e.huawei.com product page | https://e.huawei.com/en/products/clean-energy/solar/smart-string-ess | 2026-09-21 |
| C14 | Growatt APX / GBLI commercial BESS product families | Growatt product page | https://www.growatt.com/product/ess | 2026-09-21 |
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© Tradvolt. ILLUSTRATIVE — NOT A QUOTE. Computed by scenario TCO model on 2026-09-21. Bounded defaults in §11; replace with OEM line-item quote and Ecuador SENAE/SRI lookup on the day of shipment before any commercial commitment.