Verdict (first 100 words): For a 150 kWp rooftop PV array at a museum site in the Middle East & Africa (MEA), over a 25-year horizon at a 7.00% discount rate, the scenario model returns NPV = USD 398,835.04, discounted payback = 3.33 years, simple payback = 2.88 years, IRR = 35.65%, and LCOE = USD 0.0464/kWh. Evidence date: 2026-09-22. Limitation: WACC proxy (7.00%) and diesel LCOE band are model assumptions, not computed line items; capex band is rounded to the nearest USD/kWp for tender comparability. Use-case family: cultural-heritage rooftop, hybrid-diesel displaced.
| Decision | Value |
|---|---|
| NPV (USD) | 398,835.04 |
| IRR | 35.65% |
| Simple payback (years) | 2.88 |
| Discounted payback (years) | 3.33 |
| LCOE (USD/kWh) | 0.0464 |
| Equipment family | Mono-c-Si modules + string inverters |
| Location | MEA (rooftop, museum) |
| Horizon | 25 years |
| Discount rate | 7.00% (assumption) |
| Evidence date | 2026-09-22 |
| Limitation | WACC and diesel LCOE are bounded assumptions; tariff and specific yield are draft inputs taken from the published scenario. |
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| System size | 150 | kWp | Tradvolt museum use-case brief (project scope) |
| Specific annual yield | 1,650 | kWh/kWp/yr | IEA, Renewables 2024 - Analysis and forecast to 2030 (MEA high-irradiance rooftop band) |
| Performance ratio (PR) assumption | 0.78 | dimensionless | IEA PVPS, Trends in PV Applications 2024 (median commercial PR band) |
| Capex per kWp (turnkey, 2026 reference) | 750 | USD/kWp | IRENA, Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2023 (commercial rooftop band) |
| Annual O&M as % of capex | 1.0% | ratio | IRENA, Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2023 (O&M operating cost benchmark) |
| Grid tariff (commercial/cultural, MEA average) | 0.10 | USD/kWh | World Bank Business Ready (successor to Doing Business - Getting Electricity) (MEA commercial tariff midpoint band) |
| Discount rate (WACC proxy) | 7.0% | per year | Model assumption - flagged in §4; placeholder for emerging-market commercial WACC; not used as a sourced headline input |
| Module annual degradation | 0.5% | per year | IEA PVPS, Trends in PV Applications 2024 (median mono-crystalline degradation) |
| Project horizon | 25 | years | Tradvolt standard commercial PV horizon |
| Diesel displacement share (of generation) | 10% | dimensionless | Tradvolt museum use-case brief (back-up genset hours translated into a generation share) |
| Diesel cost offset (avoided genset LCOE) | 0.22 | USD/kWh | Model assumption (bounded; diesel genset displacement value — confirm against ESMAP mini-grid benchmarks at RFQ; cf. IEA The Future of Cooling) (diesel genset LCOE band for hybrid sites) |
| HS code - PV cells and modules | 8541.43 | WCO HS subheading | USITC Harmonized Tariff Schedule (search "Photovoltaic cells assembled into modules"); cross-check with EU TARIC consultation |
| HS code - Static converters (PV inverters) | 8504.40 | WCO HS subheading | USITC Harmonized Tariff Schedule (search "Static converters, for photovoltaic generation") |
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Currency | USD |
| Horizon (years) | 25 |
| Discount rate | 7.00 % |
| Total undiscounted cost (USD) | 148,534.09 |
| Total discounted cost / PV of costs (USD) | 128,198.69 |
| Total undiscounted benefit (USD) | 1,188,998.82 |
| Total discounted benefit (USD) | 527,033.74 |
| NPV (USD) | 398,835.04 |
| IRR | 0.3565 |
| Simple payback (year) | 2.88 |
| Discounted payback (year) | 3.33 |
| LCOE (USD/kWh) | 0.0464 |
| Year | Cost (USD) | Benefit (USD) | Net (USD) | Discount factor | Discounted net (USD) | Energy (kWh) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 112,500.00 | 0.0000 | -112,500.00 | 1.00 | -112,500.00 | 0.0000 |
| 1 | 1,125.00 | 39,600.00 | 38,475.00 | 0.9346 | 35,957.94 | 247,500.00 |
| 2 | 1,147.50 | 40,190.04 | 39,042.54 | 0.8734 | 34,101.27 | 246,262.50 |
| 3 | 1,170.45 | 40,788.87 | 39,618.42 | 0.8163 | 32,340.43 | 245,031.19 |
| 4 | 1,193.86 | 41,396.63 | 40,202.77 | 0.7629 | 30,670.50 | 243,806.03 |
| 5 | 1,217.74 | 42,013.44 | 40,795.70 | 0.7130 | 29,086.77 | 242,587.00 |
| 6 | 1,242.09 | 42,639.44 | 41,397.34 | 0.6663 | 27,584.80 | 241,374.07 |
| 7 | 1,266.93 | 43,274.76 | 42,007.83 | 0.6227 | 26,160.37 | 240,167.20 |
| 8 | 1,292.27 | 43,919.56 | 42,627.29 | 0.5820 | 24,809.47 | 238,966.36 |
| 9 | 1,318.12 | 44,573.96 | 43,255.84 | 0.5439 | 23,528.31 | 237,771.53 |
| 10 | 1,344.48 | 45,238.11 | 43,893.63 | 0.5083 | 22,313.30 | 236,582.67 |
| 11 | 1,371.37 | 45,912.16 | 44,540.79 | 0.4751 | 21,161.01 | 235,399.76 |
| 12 | 1,398.80 | 46,596.25 | 45,197.45 | 0.4440 | 20,068.21 | 234,222.76 |
| 13 | 1,426.77 | 47,290.53 | 45,863.76 | 0.4150 | 19,031.83 | 233,051.64 |
| 14 | 1,455.31 | 47,995.16 | 46,539.86 | 0.3878 | 18,048.96 | 231,886.39 |
| 15 | 1,484.41 | 48,710.29 | 47,225.88 | 0.3624 | 17,116.83 | 230,726.95 |
| 16 | 1,514.10 | 49,436.07 | 47,921.97 | 0.3387 | 16,232.83 | 229,573.32 |
| 17 | 1,544.38 | 50,172.67 | 48,628.29 | 0.3166 | 15,394.47 | 228,425.45 |
| 18 | 1,575.27 | 50,920.24 | 49,344.97 | 0.2959 | 14,599.40 | 227,283.33 |
| 19 | 1,606.78 | 51,678.96 | 50,072.18 | 0.2765 | 13,845.37 | 226,146.91 |
| 20 | 1,638.91 | 52,448.97 | 50,810.06 | 0.2584 | 13,130.28 | 225,016.17 |
| 21 | 1,671.69 | 53,230.46 | 51,558.77 | 0.2415 | 12,452.12 | 223,891.09 |
| 22 | 1,705.12 | 54,023.60 | 52,318.47 | 0.2257 | 11,808.97 | 222,771.64 |
| 23 | 1,739.23 | 54,828.55 | 53,089.32 | 0.2109 | 11,199.03 | 221,657.78 |
| 24 | 1,774.01 | 55,645.49 | 53,871.48 | 0.1971 | 10,620.58 | 220,549.49 |
| 25 | 1,809.49 | 56,474.61 | 54,665.12 | 0.1842 | 10,072.00 | 219,446.74 |
No additional methodology, closed-form derivation or worked arithmetic is presented: the computed cash-flow series above is the sole numerical evidence on this page.
The scenario model is equipment-agnostic. The following reference models are examples of publicly marketed products compatible with a 150 kWp museum rooftop in MEA; exact SKUs, torque values, SOC windows, voltage limits and revision numbers are confirmed at RFQ against the OEM manual.
| Component | Reference model family (real, publicly marketed) | OEM product page |
|---|---|---|
| Monocrystalline module (high-efficiency, bifacial optional) | LONGi Hi-MO 7 (HIMO7) series | LONGi - product page |
| Monocrystalline module (N-type TOPCon, large wafer) | Jinko Solar Tiger Neo N-type series | JinkoSolar - product page |
| Monocrystalline module (N-type i-TOPCon) | Trina Solar Vertex N series | Trina Solar - product page |
| String inverter (1500 Vdc, three-phase, commercial) | Sungrow SG125/125HT or SG110CX-20 family | Sungrow - product page |
| Smart string inverter (SUN2000 class) | Huawei SUN2000-100/110/125KTL-M2 series | Huawei FusionSolar - product page |
| String inverter (commercial, MEA grid-code variants) | Growatt MID 50-80KTL3-X series | Growatt - product page |
Datasheet PDF URLs are not published on a stable deep path by all OEMs; confirm the SKU-specific PDF (with revision) during the RFQ. Example datasheet landing pages listed above. BESS pairing (optional, not in this 150 kWp scope): CATL EnerC or EVE LF280K family - confirm OEM manual title and revision at quote time.
The following defaults were not stated in the draft; they are presented here as explicit bounded assumptions, never as sourced facts. They do not alter the COMPUTED TABLES, which are the computed series:
| Scenario | Description | Verdict |
|---|---|---|
| Base case (computed) | 150 kWp, 0.10 USD/kWh, 7.00% discount, 1,650 kWh/kWp/yr, 10% diesel share, 0.5%/yr degradation, 25-yr horizon. | Strong go. NPV = USD 398,835; discounted payback 3.33 yrs; LCOE 0.0464 USD/kWh. |
| Capex +20% (sensitivity, not re-computed) | USD 900/kWp; all other inputs held. | Go. Capex absorbs ~USD 27,500 of NPV headroom; payback extends; project remains inside the cultural-heritage investment window. |
| Capex -20% (sensitivity, not re-computed) | USD 600/kWp; all other inputs held. | Strong go. Lower tender prices compress payback below 2.5 yrs and lift NPV materially. |
| Tariff +30% (sensitivity, not re-computed) | 0.13 USD/kWh; all other inputs held. | Strong go. Every kWh is worth more; NPV scales roughly with tariff. |
| Tariff -30% (sensitivity, not re-computed) | 0.07 USD/kWh; all other inputs held. | Conditional go. Project still NPV-positive at the computed inputs; pair PV with HVAC/lighting efficiency to harden the case. |
| Discount 10% (WACC stress) | 10% per year (replaces the 7.00% placeholder). | Go. NPV compresses but remains positive; project is robust to a higher emerging-market WACC. |
| Yield -10% | 1,485 kWh/kWp/yr (soiling, curtailment). | Conditional go. Raise cleaning O&M budget; re-tender if the site is coastal. |
| No diesel offset | Diesel share = 0; all kWh valued at grid tariff only. | Go. PV-only case is still NPV-positive across the 25-year horizon. |
Scenario rows marked "not re-computed" are qualitative verdicts grounded in the sign and slope of the computed series; do not treat them as new computed figures.
Standards carried by reference equipment for MEA projects (SKU-level certificates confirmed at RFQ):
Confirm SKU-level certificates on the OEM datasheet before tender submission.
Indicative HS codes (WCO 2022 nomenclature; national duty rates: PENDING).
Lookup steps:
Disclaimer: Tradvolt does not assert any customs duty rate, VAT treatment or origin preference as a fact. Always confirm with a licensed customs broker or the destination customs authority at the time of shipment.
For Tradvolt B2B buyers evaluating a 150 kWp museum rooftop in MEA, the fastest path to a binding offer is the RFQ below. SKU-level datasheets, torque values, SOC windows, voltage limits and OEM manual revisions are issued only via the RFQ.