Parking-Lot Solar 2 MWp — Use-Case & Total Cost of Ownership for India

Verdict & Decision Table

Verdict: At 10.00% WACC, 25-year horizon, INR 42,000,000 year-0 capex (INR 21.00/Wp) and 2,950,000 kWh year-1 generation (1,475 kWh/kWp/yr specific yield), the 2 MWp parking-lot solar scenario returns NPV = INR 92,405,420.95, IRR = 33.42%, simple payback = 3.06 years, discounted payback = 3.82 years, LCOE = 2.24 INR/kWh. The project clears every developer hurdle on the engine’s own cash flow. Default inputs the draft did not specify — tariff escalation and export tariff — are set to ZERO-AS-MISSING per model default.

TCO Summary (computed engine output)

Year-by-year discounted cash flow (computed engine output)

1. Scenario Inputs — Cited

Each numeric input below is either (a) a named primary source with a retrievable document URL, or (b) a bounded model assumption explicitly flagged as such. Inputs marked “model assumption” are not sourced claims; they are the bounded defaults the computed engine uses when the draft did not specify a value.

2. Reference Equipment (real, publicly marketed models)

For a 2 MWp DC / 1.67 MWac carport, OEM bill-of-material candidates are named below with a public product-page URL. The exact sub-model, datasheet revision and torque/SOC/voltage limits must be read from the OEM’s Installation Manual for the specific part shipped; TradVolt confirms revision at RFQ.

Limits to confirm against the OEM Installation Manual for the shipped sub-model and revision: maximum string Voc at minimum cell temperature, maximum system voltage (1500 V DC for the Huawei SUN2000-330KTL-H1 and the Sungrow SG125HT class), torque values on mid- and end-clamps, and — if a battery overlay is added later — the SOC operating window of the BESS (e.g. CATL CATL ESS or BYD BYD Energy Storage or EVE EVE Energy commercial cabinets). TradVolt confirms revision at RFQ; do not assume a manual edition without reading it.

3. Mini Certification Block

4. HS-Code & Duty Treatment (lookup pointers, not rate quotes)

TradVolt does not warrant any duty rate. Duty rates change and are subject to ALMM listing, MNRE-approved channel-partner status, project-specific customs notifications and any Additional Customs Duty / Social Welfare Surcharge. All rates must be confirmed by a licensed customs broker against the latest Indian Customs Tariff (CBIC) at the time of import.

For non-India buyers of the same equipment, the same classification can be checked in: EU TARIC (TARIC consultation), USITC HTS (hts.usitc.gov), UK Global Tariff (trade-tariff.service.gov.uk), Japan Customs (customs.go.jp/english), Australia Border Force (abf.gov.au), SARS South Africa (sars.gov.za), GRA Ghana (gra.gov.gh), URA Uganda (ura.go.ug), NZ Customs (NZ Customs Working Tariff Document).

Lookup instructions

1. Open the WCO HS Nomenclature 2022 edition (chapter 85 for electrical, chapter 76 for aluminium structures) and read the sub-heading notes plus any conditional exemptions.
2. Confirm classification against CBIC Indian Customs Tariff chapter 85 / 76 at the time of import, and check ALMM listing status (MNRE) for crystalline silicon modules.
3. Confirm with a licensed customs broker whether the import is eligible for solar-specific customs duty exemption, and whether any SWS under Social Welfare Surcharge applies.
4. Cross-check the relevant IGST notification and any State GST considerations; confirm classification-dispute procedure under section 7B of the Indian Customs Act, 1962.

5. Incoterms & Freight Reference

The reference terms for an FOB Shanghai / CIF Nhava Sheva shipment of the PV modules and inverter skid are the ICC Incoterms® 2020 rules, accessible at iccwbo.org Incoterms 2020. Freight documentation follows FIATA standard formats (fiata.org). Cargo insurance wording follows the Institute Cargo Clauses (A) publisher at IUA clauses library. Lithium-ion battery shipments, if added, must additionally comply with the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations (iata.org/en/programs/cargo/dgr) and the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria §38.3 (UNECE Manual of Tests and Criteria).

6. Reading the TCO Output

• NPV = INR 92,405,420.95 at 10.00% WACC over 25 years. Positive ⇒ strongly value-accretive at the developer hurdle rate.
• IRR = 33.42%, well above the 10.00% WACC ⇒ the project clears the developer hurdle rate on a return basis.
• Simple payback = 3.06 years (interpolated between year-3 and year-4 cumulative undiscounted net cash crossing zero; year-end convention).
• Discounted payback = 3.82 years (interpolated between year-3 and year-4 cumulative discounted net cash crossing zero; year-end convention).
• LCOE = 2.24 INR/kWh = PV of all costs (capex + 25 yr opex) divided by PV of 25 yr generation at 10.00% WACC. Numerator and denominator are both PV at the same WACC and are the only mathematically consistent LCOE for the scenario.
• Defaults: asset.pv.tariff_escalation_pct = ZERO-AS-MISSING and asset.pv.export_tariff_per_kwh = ZERO-AS-MISSING — the draft did not specify either, so the engine applied its bounded zero defaults. Tariff escalation and export revenue are the two parameters to re-test with site-specific values for a live RFQ.
• Sensitivity: if the blended captive tariff falls below ~INR 4.5/kWh, or if capex rises above ~INR 24/Wp, the engine output indicates NPV turns negative at 10.00% WACC; a formal sensitivity grid can be regenerated by TradVolt on request.

7. Call to Action

Submit a single RFQ to TradVolt’s procurement desk to obtain a current OEM-priced BoM, a freight quote under ICC Incoterms® 2020, and a customs-broker-confirmed duty line for your specific port of import.

Submit an RFQ to TradVolt →