Resort Solar 1 MWp EU — TCO & Landed-Cost Use Case

Base-case verdict. For a 1 MWp grid-tied PV plant serving an EU Southern resort (coastal/lakeside, mixed rooftop + ground carport), 25-year horizon, 6.00% discount rate, EUR-denominated, with the LONGi Hi-MO 5m LR5-54HTH module family and Huawei SUN2000-330KTL-H1 string inverter family, the scenario model returns NPV EUR 984,097, IRR 26.03%, simple payback 3.89 yr, discounted payback 4.56 yr, LCOE EUR 0.0281/kWh (2.81 ct/kWh). Evidence date: 2026-09-22. Limitation: figures are the model's base case; HS-code duties and grid-connection fees require a binding customs ruling and DSO quote per project.

1. Equipment & Inputs (cited)

Decision table — base case
Item	Value
Equipment family	LONGi Hi-MO 5m LR5-54HTH module + Huawei SUN2000-330KTL-H1 string inverter
Location class	EU Southern (coastal/lakeside resort)
Horizon	25 years
Discount rate (WACC)	6.00%
Currency	EUR
NPV	EUR 984,096.77
IRR	26.03%
Simple payback	3.89 yr
Discounted payback	4.56 yr
LCOE	EUR 0.0281/kWh (2.81 ct/kWh)

TCO summary
Metric	Value
Currency	EUR
Horizon (years)	25
Discount rate	6.00 %
Total undiscounted cost (EUR)	591,837.46
Total discounted cost / PV of costs (EUR)	490,577.79
Total undiscounted benefit (EUR)	2,973,675.85
Total discounted benefit (EUR)	1,474,674.56
NPV (EUR)	984,096.77
IRR	0.2603
Simple payback (year)	3.89
Discounted payback (year)	4.56
LCOE (EUR/kWh)	0.0281

All equipment references are to publicly marketed product families. Specific certificate numbers and datasheet/manual revision for any individual shipment must be verified against the shipper's test report at RFQ stage (see /rfq/). The certification list in §6 is illustrative for the named model family; per-shipment revisions confirmed at RFQ (R12).

2. Year-by-Year Cash Flow (computed)

Energy column declines monotonically per the 0.45%/yr linear module degradation assumption. Discounted net column reconciles to the TCO summary totals and to NPV = EUR 984,096.77.

3. CAPEX Composition (illustrative breakdown; total reconciles to Year-0 cost)

4. OPEX & Replacement Stream

Year-1 OPEX = 1.2% × 395,010 = 4,740.12 EUR, escalating at 2.0%/yr (model assumption). Year-12 includes a Huawei SUN2000-330KTL-H1 family string-inverter replacement of EUR 45,000 nominal, reflecting mid-life refurbishment typical for the cited inverter class.

5. HS / Commodity Codes (lookup path, not a duty ruling)

Parameter	Value	Unit	Source
Installed capacity	1,000	kWp (DC)	Model assumption — bounded to project specification
Module family	LONGi Hi-MO 5m LR5-54HTH (monocrystalline bifacial, ~21.5% module efficiency class)	—	LONGi Hi-MO 5m family page (per-shipment datasheet edition confirmed at RFQ)
Inverter family	Huawei SUN2000-330KTL-H1 (330 kW, 1,500 V DC max, 8-MPPT, three-phase string)	—	Huawei SUN2000-330KTL-H1 product page (torque, DC voltage, MPPT/SOC thresholds per OEM manual revision confirmed at RFQ)
Mounting family	K2 Systems N-Rack / S-Rack rail-based ground-mount + pitched-roof kit family	—	K2 Systems N-Rack ground-mount system (exact rail kit and wind/snow load manual revision confirmed at RFQ)
Monitoring	Huawei FusionSolar Smart PV Management System / Sungrow iSolarCloud class SCADA gateway	—	Huawei FusionSolar; Sungrow string inverter range
Specific yield (Southern EU, ~35° tilt)	1,420	kWh/kWp/yr	EU PVGIS SARAH2 database query for the resort location class (year-1 input)
Linear annual module degradation	0.45	%/yr	LONGi Hi-MO 5m LR5-54HTH family datasheet (manufacturer warranted linear degradation); cross-check vs. IEA PVPS Trends in PV Applications 2024
Discount rate (WACC)	6.00	%/yr	Model assumption — bounded to typical EU corporate WACC for green-tech PPVs
Project lifetime	25	years	Model assumption — bounded to typical PV plant economic life
Inverter replacement (year 12)	EUR 45,000 nominal	EUR	Model assumption — bounded to Huawei SUN2000-330KTL-H1 family installed cost
O&M (year 1)	1.2% of CAPEX (4,740.12 EUR)	EUR	Model assumption — bounded to typical EU C&I PV O&M contract band
Blended self-consumption tariff	0.085	EUR/kWh	Model assumption — bounded to EU Southern resort retail band (vs. Eurostat non-household electricity prices)
Export tariff	0.06	EUR/kWh	Model assumption — bounded to typical EU Southern feed-in band
Self-consumption share	55	%	Model assumption — resort load shape
Tariff escalation	1.5	%/yr	Model assumption — bounded to long-run EU electricity CPI
O&M escalation	2.0	%/yr	Model assumption — bounded to typical EU O&M contract escalator

Year-by-year cash flow
Year	Cost (EUR)	Benefit (EUR)	Net (EUR)	Discount factor	Discounted net (EUR)	Energy (kWh)
0	395,010.00	0.0000	-395,010.00	1.00	-395,010.00	0.0000
1	4,740.12	104,725.00	99,984.88	0.9434	94,325.36	1,420,000.00
2	4,834.92	105,817.54	100,982.62	0.8900	89,874.17	1,413,610.00
3	4,931.62	106,921.49	101,989.86	0.8396	85,632.66	1,407,248.76
4	5,030.25	108,036.94	103,006.69	0.7921	81,590.95	1,400,916.14
5	5,130.86	109,164.04	104,033.18	0.7473	77,739.64	1,394,612.01
6	5,233.48	110,302.89	105,069.42	0.7050	74,069.79	1,388,336.26
7	5,338.15	111,453.63	106,115.48	0.6651	70,572.86	1,382,088.75
8	5,444.91	112,616.37	107,171.46	0.6274	67,240.70	1,375,869.35
9	5,553.81	113,791.24	108,237.43	0.5919	64,065.57	1,369,677.93
10	5,664.88	114,978.36	109,313.48	0.5584	61,040.08	1,363,514.38
11	5,778.18	116,177.88	110,399.70	0.5268	58,157.18	1,357,378.57
12	50,893.74	117,389.90	66,496.16	0.4970	33,046.55	1,351,270.37
13	6,011.62	118,614.57	112,602.95	0.4688	52,792.66	1,345,189.65
14	6,131.85	119,852.02	113,720.17	0.4423	50,298.54	1,339,136.30
15	6,254.49	121,102.38	114,847.89	0.4173	47,922.01	1,333,110.18
16	6,379.58	122,365.78	115,986.20	0.3936	45,657.54	1,327,111.19
17	6,507.17	123,642.36	117,135.19	0.3714	43,499.84	1,321,139.19
18	6,637.31	124,932.26	118,294.94	0.3503	41,443.90	1,315,194.06
19	6,770.06	126,235.61	119,465.55	0.3305	39,484.92	1,309,275.69
20	6,905.46	127,552.56	120,647.10	0.3118	37,618.34	1,303,383.95
21	7,043.57	128,883.26	121,839.69	0.2942	35,839.80	1,297,518.72
22	7,184.44	130,227.83	123,043.39	0.2775	34,145.17	1,291,679.88
23	7,328.13	131,586.43	124,258.30	0.2618	32,530.48	1,285,867.32
24	7,474.69	132,959.21	125,484.52	0.2470	30,991.98	1,280,080.92
25	7,624.19	134,346.31	126,722.12	0.2330	29,526.08	1,274,320.56

Line	Value (EUR)	Note
Modules (LONGi Hi-MO 5m LR5-54HTH family)	115,000	1,000 kWp × ~0.115 EUR/Wp; FOB indicative
Inverters (Huawei SUN2000-330KTL-H1 family)	45,000	String-inverter class
Mounting (K2 Systems N-Rack / S-Rack family)	60,000	Rooftop + ground carport mix
DC + AC BOS (cables, combiners, protection)	55,000	—
Grid connection + ring-main switchgear (Schneider RM6 class)	55,000	Fixed allowance; DSO quote required
SCADA / monitoring gateway (Huawei FusionSolar / Sungrow iSolarCloud class)	12,000	Fixed
Hardware subtotal	342,000	—
EPC margin + soft costs	34,200	10% of hardware
Subtotal with soft costs	376,200	—
Contingency	18,810	5% of subtotal
Total CAPEX (year 0)	395,010	Matches Year-0 cost in cash-flow table

Customs classification below is a lookup path, not a binding ruling. Duty rates and any anti-dumping/countervailing measures must be confirmed per shipment via the EU TARIC consultation tool and a binding customs ruling (Article 33 of Regulation (EU) No 952/2013 — Union Customs Code).

8541.43 — Photovoltaic cells assembled in modules or made up into panels — [confirm via EU TARIC consultation]; cross-reference WCO HS Nomenclature 2022 edition
8504.40 — Static converters (inverters) — [confirm via EU TARIC consultation]
7610.90 — Aluminium structures (mounting, carport) — [confirm via EU TARIC consultation]
8536.90 — Connection boxes, combiners, protection devices — [confirm via EU TARIC consultation]
9032.89 — SCADA / monitoring controllers — [confirm via EU TARIC consultation]

For non-EU destinations, consult USITC HTS search, UK Global Tariff, Japan Customs, Australian Border Force, SARS, Ghana Revenue Authority, or Uganda Revenue Authority as applicable. Shipment terms per ICC Incoterms® 2020; dangerous-goods classification per IATA DGR (lithium battery components: see UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.7, UN 38.3).

6. Certifications & Compliance (illustrative for the cited model family)

The list below is illustrative for the cited model families. Per-shipment certificate numbers, revision dates, and issuing laboratory must be verified against the shipper's test report and module/inverter nameplate. No certificate numbers are asserted on this page.

Modules — LONGi Hi-MO 5m LR5-54HTH family: designed to IEC 61215:2021 (crystalline silicon PV modules — design qualification) and IEC 61730-1:2016 / IEC 61730-2:2016 (PV module safety qualification), via the IEC Webstore catalogue (exact publication IDs confirmed at RFQ); safety qualification also aligned with UL 61730-1 (UL 61730-1 product page).
Inverters — Huawei SUN2000-330KTL-H1 family: grid-compliance per EN 50549-1:2019 and EN 50549-2:2019 (requirements for generating plants to be connected in parallel with distribution networks). Torque, DC voltage, and MPPT/SOC thresholds per the OEM manual revision cited at RFQ stage.
Mounting — K2 Systems N-Rack / S-Rack family: structural design per Eurocode 1 / EN 1991-1-3 (snow actions) and EN 1991-1-4 (wind actions); per-project load manual revision confirmed at RFQ.
Electrical safety — installation per IEC 60364 (low-voltage electrical installations, all parts) and IEC 62548 (PV array wiring); see IEC Webstore catalogue (exact publication IDs confirmed at RFQ).
End-of-life — WEEE Directive 2012/19/EU (EUR-Lex directive page) and (where storage is in scope) Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 (EU Battery Regulation).
Stationary batteries (if added) — UL 1973 (UL 1973 product page) and IEC 62619; lithium battery transport testing per UN 38.3 in the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria.
EV chargers (if added) — IEC 61851-1:2017 (IEC 61851-1 product page); OCPP per Open Charge Alliance.

7. Procurement Verdict

For the inputs in §1, the base case clears typical EU commercial hurdle rates: NPV EUR 984,097, IRR 26.03%, discounted payback 4.56 yr, LCOE EUR 0.0281/kWh. The economic case is robust to a Southern-EU resort load profile, a 25-year asset life, and standard warranty replacement of the string inverter at year 12. Procurement risk concentrates in customs classification, DSO connection cost, and resort self-consumption share — confirm each per project.

8. Next Steps — RFQ

Request a structured quotation for the 1 MWp EU resort package at the TradVolt RFQ form.

All financial figures above are produced by Tradvolt's scenario TCO model from this page's scenario. Inputs not source-cited are bounded model assumptions listed in §1. The CAPEX breakdown in §3 is illustrative and reconciles to the model's year-0 cost of EUR 395,010.

Resort Solar 1 MWp — EU Use Case & 25-Year TCO