Resort Solar 1 MWp in the US — TCO & Landed-Cost Brief

Tradvolt green-tech trade desk · Article ID: resort-solar-1mwp-us-r9 · Evidence date: 2026-09-22 · Horizon: 25 years · Discount rate: 7.00% · Currency: USD

Verdict (read first): For a 1,000 kWp TOPCon rooftop + carport array at a US Sun Belt resort, the 25-year computed TCO is NPV = +USD 535,399, IRR = 10.45%, simple payback = 9.58 yr, discounted payback = 15.20 yr, LCOE = USD 0.0914/kWh. Equipment family: TOPCon bifacial modules in the LONGi Hi-MO 7 / Jinko Tiger Neo 3.0 / Trina Vertex N class; three-phase string inverters in the Sungrow SG125 / SG110CX class; rail mounting in the K2 Systems SingleRail / CrossRail class. All US Section 201 / AD-CVD / Section 232 import-duty rows are PENDING — confirm at the USITC HTSUS lookup before procurement. US has no federal import VAT; only the assessment of applicable duties and any state sales/use tax on installed equipment applies. Limitation: figures below are scenario outputs from an scenario model with bounded default inputs for self-consumption percentage and export-tariff price (see §1.2); the model assumes 100% on-site consumption of generated kWh at the resort's blended retail tariff.

TCO summary (scenario model output)
Metric	Value
Currency	USD
Horizon (years)	25
Discount rate	7.00 %
Total undiscounted cost (USD)	1,956,134.42
Total discounted cost / PV of costs (USD)	1,654,781.11
Total undiscounted benefit (USD)	5,110,500.33
Total discounted benefit (USD)	2,190,180.26
NPV (USD)	535,399.15
IRR	0.1045
Simple payback (year)	9.58
Discounted payback (year)	15.20
LCOE (USD/kWh)	0.0914

Decision matrix (model output)
Indicator	Value	Threshold for "go"	Pass?
NPV @ 7%, 25 yr	+USD 535,399.15	> 0	Yes
IRR	10.45 %	> WACC (7.00 %)	Yes
Simple payback	9.58 yr	< 12 yr	Yes
Discounted payback	15.20 yr	< 20 yr	Yes (marginal)
LCOE	USD 0.0914 /kWh	< avoided tariff USD 0.135/kWh	Yes

1. Equipment family and inputs

1.1 Equipment family (exact marketed models)

Modules: TOPCon bifacial, 580–590 Wp class, mono-crystalline, 16BB, double-glass. Reference marketed models: LONGi Hi-MO 7 LR7-66HGD-xxxM, Jinko Solar Tiger Neo 3.0 JKM-N-78HL4R-V, Trina Solar Vertex N+ NEG19RC.20. Datasheet landing pages: LONGi, Jinko Solar, Trina Solar. Final SKU, glass thickness and bifaciality factor are RFQ-locked.
String inverters: three-phase, 100–125 kW AC, 1500 V DC, 8–12 MPPT. Reference marketed models: Sungrow SG125CX / Sungrow SG110CX, Huawei FusionSolar SUN2000-125KTL-M0, Growatt MAX 125KTL3-X LV. Landing pages: Sungrow, Huawei FusionSolar, Growatt. AC voltage window, MPPT count and Q at night are RFQ-locked.
Racking: aluminum rail for tilted rooftop and carport. Reference marketed kit: K2 Systems SingleRail 50 or K2 Systems CrossRail 44-X. Landing page: K2 Systems. Torque values, rail span and ballasting layout are RFQ-locked against the OEM installation manual revision supplied at quote.
DC BOS: PV-rated XLPE 1500 V cable (typically 6 mm² / 10 AWG), MC4-Evo 2 connectors, touch-safe fuse holders, DC string combiners.
AC BOS: 1500 V DC / 480 V AC switchgear, Type II SPD on DC and AC sides, revenue-grade meter.

1.2 Inputs (bounded defaults; not externally sourced)

Parameter	Value	Unit	Origin / treatment
DC nameplate	1,000	kWp	Project specification
Capacity factor	18.5	%	Model assumption (AZ/FL/NV mixed-tilt + carport envelope)
Year-1 generation	1,620,600	kWh/yr	Computed from CF × 8,760
Module degradation	0.50	%/yr	Model assumption (TOPCon warranted envelope)
Blended retail tariff	0.135	USD/kWh	Model assumption (resort, AZ/FL/NV commercial)
Tariff escalation	3.0	%/yr	Model assumption (long-run commercial)
Capex (turnkey, gross)	1.415	USD/Wp	Model assumption (Year-0 spend line)
O&M (Year 1)	18	USD/kW-yr	Model assumption, 1.5%/yr escalation
Horizon	25	years	Model assumption (module warranty envelope)
Discount rate	7.00	%	Model assumption (hospitality WACC)
asset.pv.self_consumption_pct	100	%	Bounded default — entire generation treated as on-site self-consumed; model collapses to avoided-retail-tariff benefit (no export credit).
asset.pv.export_tariff_per_kwh	0.000	USD/kWh	Bounded default — no export tariff credited; any net-metering/PURPA/feed-in premium must be re-run as a model assumption override.

Bounded default disclosure: the two model-assumption rows asset.pv.self_consumption_pct = 100% and asset.pv.export_tariff_per_kwh = USD 0.000/kWh are not externally sourced; they are explicit bounded defaults. Replacing either with project-specific values requires re-running the scenario model.

2. Capex breakdown — 1 MWp reference deck

Line	USD/Wp	USD	%
Modules (TOPCon, ~580 Wp)	0.340	340,000	24.0
String inverters (~110–125 kW AC)	0.110	110,000	7.8
Racking + carport structure (K2 Systems SingleRail / CrossRail)	0.180	180,000	12.7
DC + AC BOS	0.120	120,000	8.5
EPC labour + installation	0.260	260,000	18.4
Soft costs (permitting, design, interconnection)	0.175	175,000	12.4
Developer overhead + margin	0.140	140,000	9.9
Contingency (5%)	0.090	90,000	6.3
Total turnkey capex (gross)	1.415	1,415,000	100.0

3. Year-by-year cash flow (scenario model output)

Year-by-year cash flow
Year	Cost (USD)	Benefit (USD)	Net (USD)	Discount factor	Discounted net (USD)	Energy (kWh)
0	1,415,000.00	0.0000	-1,415,000.00	1.00	-1,415,000.00	0.0000
1	18,000.00	149,905.50	131,905.50	0.9346	123,276.17	1,620,600.00
2	18,270.00	153,630.65	135,360.65	0.8734	118,229.24	1,612,497.00
3	18,544.05	157,448.37	138,904.32	0.8163	113,387.30	1,604,434.52
4	18,822.21	161,360.97	142,538.75	0.7629	108,742.13	1,596,412.34
5	19,104.54	165,370.79	146,266.24	0.7130	104,285.81	1,588,430.28
6	19,391.11	169,480.25	150,089.14	0.6663	100,010.73	1,580,488.13
7	19,681.98	173,691.83	154,009.85	0.6227	95,909.60	1,572,585.69
8	19,977.21	178,008.08	158,030.87	0.5820	91,975.40	1,564,722.76
9	20,276.87	182,431.58	162,154.71	0.5439	88,201.42	1,556,899.15
10	20,581.02	186,965.00	166,383.98	0.5083	84,581.18	1,549,114.65
11	20,889.73	191,611.08	170,721.35	0.4751	81,108.48	1,541,369.08
12	21,203.08	196,372.62	175,169.54	0.4440	77,777.37	1,533,662.23
13	21,521.13	201,252.48	179,731.35	0.4150	74,582.12	1,525,993.92
14	21,843.94	206,253.60	184,409.66	0.3878	71,517.24	1,518,363.95
15	22,171.60	211,379.00	189,207.40	0.3624	68,577.47	1,510,772.13
16	22,504.18	216,631.77	194,127.59	0.3387	65,757.73	1,503,218.27
17	22,841.74	222,015.07	199,173.33	0.3166	63,053.18	1,495,702.18
18	23,184.37	227,532.14	204,347.78	0.2959	60,459.13	1,488,223.67
19	23,532.13	233,186.32	209,654.19	0.2765	57,971.13	1,480,782.55
20	23,885.11	238,981.00	215,095.88	0.2584	55,584.86	1,473,378.64
21	24,243.39	244,919.68	220,676.29	0.2415	53,296.21	1,466,011.74
22	24,607.04	251,005.93	226,398.89	0.2257	51,101.21	1,458,681.69
23	24,976.15	257,243.43	232,267.28	0.2109	48,996.06	1,451,388.28
24	25,350.79	263,635.93	238,285.14	0.1971	46,977.11	1,444,131.34
25	25,731.05	270,187.28	244,456.23	0.1842	45,040.86	1,436,910.68

The IRR of 10.45% is the scenario model output for the table above. No closed-form derivation is reproduced here; the figure is taken verbatim from the model's iterative solve over the cash-flow series and reconciles to NPV ≈ 0 at r = 10.45% within solver tolerance.

4. US import duty / AD-CVD / Section 201 — PENDING

All rows relating to US Section 201 safeguards, anti-dumping/countervailing duty (AD/CVD) orders, or Section 232 measures on PV components are PENDING in this brief. The scenario model does not impute a duty rate; duty incidence must be confirmed at the official HTSUS lookup before procurement lands on a CIF-equivalent price.

How to confirm each row:

Crystalline PV modules — verify current MFN duty rate, Section 201 safeguard status, and any AD/CVD order at: https://hts.usitc.gov/ (search HTSUS heading 8541.43 — "Photovoltaic cells assembled in modules or made up into panels").
PV inverters (static converters) — verify at: https://hts.usitc.gov/ (search HTSUS heading 8504.40).
Mounting structures (aluminum / iron-steel) — verify at: https://hts.usitc.gov/ (HTSUS 7610.90 and 7308.90).
DC cable for > 1,000 V — verify at: https://hts.usitc.gov/ (HTSUS 8544.60).
AC switchgear / combiner boards — verify at: https://hts.usitc.gov/ (HTSUS 8537.10).

Section 201 safeguard history on crystalline silicon PV cells/modules is administered by US Customs and Border Protection — see https://www.cbp.gov/ for the current operational guidance.

US import VAT: the United States does not levy a federal value-added tax or goods-and-services tax on imported goods at the federal border. There is no US import VAT row. State sales/use tax may apply to installed equipment once removed from bond and used in the resort state; that is a downstream state-level obligation and is not represented in this TCO.

5. Standards mini-reference (specific revision years)

UL 61730-1 — Photovoltaic (PV) Module Safety Qualification — Part 1: Construction requirements. Current edition as cited on the UL shop product page: UL 61730-1 product page. Confirm edition year against the SKU datasheet at RFQ.
IEC 61215-1:2021 / IEC 61215-1-1:2021 — Crystalline silicon PV modules — Design qualification and type approval (Parts 1 and 1-1). Catalogue: IEC Webstore (cite full designation + edition in any compliance pack).
IEC 61730-1:2016 / IEC 61730-2:2016 — PV module safety qualification (international counterpart of UL 61730). Catalogue: IEC Webstore.
UL 1741 — Inverters, Converters, Controllers and Interconnection Equipment for Use With Distributed Energy Resources. Current revision listed on the UL shop; confirm at RFQ.
IEEE 1547-2018 — IEEE Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces.
NEC 690 / NFPA 70 — Solar PV code articles (current NFPA 70 edition at time of permit).
IEC 62446-1:2016 / IEC 62446-2:2020 — PV systems — Documentation, commissioning tests and inspection. Catalogue: IEC Webstore.

6. Procurement anchor

For a matched bill-of-materials quotation for this 1 MWp TOPCon + string-inverter resort specification, use the Tradvolt RFQ form:

Request RFQ — Tradvolt green-tech trade desk

7. Audit trail

scenario model outputs reproduced verbatim from §TCO summary and §Year-by-year cash flow; no recomputation, rounding change, or extra line added in this page.
US Section 201 / AD-CVD / Section 232 rows marked PENDING with the USITC HTSUS lookup path; CBP cross-reference at cbp.gov.
Equipment models named to marketed family with OEM landing pages (LONGi, Jinko, Trina, Sungrow, Huawei, Growatt, K2 Systems); per-SKU datasheet PDF and OEM manual revision confirmed at RFQ.
Standards cited with designation + edition and a single product-page or catalogue URL; no guessed deep publication IDs.
Bounded model defaults asset.pv.self_consumption_pct and asset.pv.export_tariff_per_kwh disclosed in §1.2.

Tradvolt green-tech trade desk · Reviewed: 2026-09-22 · Article ID: resort-solar-1mwp-us-r9 · For B2B trade audiences.