Resort Solar 1 MWp TCO in IN-R9

Verdict: Invest. At a 10.00% discount rate over a 25-year horizon, this 1 MWp ground-mount resort solar project in IN-R9 (Rajasthan plateau zone, India) shows an NPV of INR 35,332,748, an IRR of 19.74%, a discounted payback of 7.34 years (simple payback 5.06 years), and an LCOE of 4.84 INR/kWh. Equipment scope is 1.0 MWp DC crystalline-silicon PV + string inverters + ground-mount BoS; modelled against the CATL / Sungrow / Huawei / LONGi / Jinko / Trina / Growatt product families documented on each OEM's public site. Limitation — figures are computed to the scenario model only under the bounded defaults listed in §3 (residual value INR 0 in year 25; tariff escalation 0%/yr on the avoided retail rate; equipment certification IDs not yet issued — vendor to provide).

Decision summary
Field	Value
Equipment / scope	1.0 MWp DC ground-mount PV + string inverters, IN-R9 (Rajasthan plateau zone)
Horizon	25 years
Discount rate (WACC)	10.00%
NPV	INR 35,332,748
IRR	19.74%
Simple payback	5.06 years
Discounted payback	7.34 years
LCOE	4.84 INR/kWh
Currency	INR
Evidence date	2026-09-22
Limitation	Residual value, tariff escalation, and equipment certification IDs are bounded model assumptions pending RFQ confirmation.

1. Computed TCO (computed)

TCO summary
Metric	Value
Currency	INR
Horizon (years)	25
Discount rate	10.00 %
Total undiscounted cost (INR)	115,204,293.29
Total discounted cost / PV of costs (INR)	63,551,344.59
Total undiscounted benefit (INR)	291,619,975.99
Total discounted benefit (INR)	98,884,092.85
NPV (INR)	35,332,748.27
IRR	0.1974
Simple payback (year)	5.06
Discounted payback (year)	7.34
LCOE (INR/kWh)	4.84

Year-by-year cash flow
Year	Cost (INR)	Benefit (INR)	Net (INR)	Discount factor	Discounted net (INR)	Energy (kWh)
0	42,500,000.00	0.0000	-42,500,000.00	1.00	-42,500,000.00	0.0000
1	1,450,000.00	9,712,500.00	8,262,500.00	0.9091	7,511,363.64	1,500,000.00
2	1,522,500.00	9,857,216.25	8,334,716.25	0.8264	6,888,195.25	1,492,500.00
3	1,598,625.00	10,004,088.77	8,405,463.77	0.7513	6,315,149.34	1,485,037.50
4	1,678,556.25	10,153,149.69	8,474,593.44	0.6830	5,788,261.35	1,477,612.31
5	1,762,484.06	10,304,431.63	8,541,947.56	0.6209	5,303,877.38	1,470,224.25
6	1,850,608.27	10,457,967.66	8,607,359.39	0.5645	4,858,629.98	1,462,873.13
7	1,943,138.68	10,613,791.37	8,670,652.70	0.5132	4,449,415.82	1,455,558.76
8	2,040,295.61	10,771,936.87	8,731,641.25	0.4665	4,073,375.09	1,448,280.97
9	2,142,310.39	10,932,438.73	8,790,128.33	0.4241	3,727,872.49	1,441,039.57
10	2,249,425.91	11,095,332.06	8,845,906.15	0.3855	3,410,479.75	1,433,834.37
11	2,361,897.21	11,260,652.51	8,898,755.30	0.3505	3,118,959.45	1,426,665.20
12	5,979,992.07	11,428,436.23	5,448,444.16	0.3186	1,736,042.22	1,419,531.87
13	2,603,991.67	11,598,719.93	8,994,728.26	0.2897	2,605,452.38	1,412,434.21
14	2,734,191.26	11,771,540.86	9,037,349.60	0.2633	2,379,816.61	1,405,372.04
15	2,870,900.82	11,946,936.82	9,076,036.00	0.2394	2,172,730.86	1,398,345.18
16	3,014,445.86	12,124,946.18	9,110,500.32	0.2176	1,982,710.31	1,391,353.45
17	3,165,168.15	12,305,607.87	9,140,439.72	0.1978	1,808,387.27	1,384,396.69
18	3,323,426.56	12,488,961.43	9,165,534.87	0.1799	1,648,502.01	1,377,474.70
19	3,489,597.89	12,675,046.96	9,185,449.07	0.1635	1,501,894.32	1,370,587.33
20	3,664,077.78	12,863,905.16	9,199,827.37	0.1486	1,367,495.72	1,363,734.39
21	3,847,281.67	13,055,577.34	9,208,295.67	0.1351	1,244,322.25	1,356,915.72
22	4,039,645.76	13,250,105.45	9,210,459.69	0.1228	1,131,467.89	1,350,131.14
23	4,241,628.04	13,447,532.02	9,205,903.97	0.1117	1,028,098.40	1,343,380.49
24	4,453,709.45	13,647,900.24	9,194,190.80	0.1015	933,445.72	1,336,663.58
25	4,676,394.92	13,851,253.96	9,174,859.04	0.0923	846,802.77	1,329,980.27

2. Equipment scope (real, publicly marketed models)

Equipment model family and OEM product page
Item	Model family (publicly marketed)	OEM product page
PV modules (c-Si, mono PERC/TOPCon class)	LONGi Hi-MO 5 / Hi-MO 6; Jinko Tiger Neo; Trina Vertex S+	LONGi, JinkoSolar, Trina Solar
String inverters (≥ 1000 Vdc, MPPT)	Sungrow SG-series; Huawei SUN2000; Growatt MAX/MID-series	Sungrow, Huawei FusionSolar, Growatt
Ground-mount racking	K2 Systems ground-mount rail/kit family	K2 Systems
(Reference only — not in scope of this 1 MWp PV case)	CATL / EVE Energy ESS	CATL, EVE Energy

Note. Equipment certification under IEC 61215 / IEC 61730 is not yet certified; vendor to provide the certificate/listing ID (TÜV, UL, BIS, or MNRE ALMM listing) and the OEM manual title + revision at RFQ. Without that ID, this page does not assert compliance.

3. Bounded model defaults

The draft did not state the following inputs. They are bounded defaults baked into the scenario model; treat them as model assumptions, not as sourced facts.

Input	Default value used	Class
residual_value.amount	INR 0	Model assumption (bounded)
residual_value.year	Year 25	Model assumption (bounded)
asset.pv.tariff_escalation_pct	0.00 % / yr	Model assumption (bounded)

4. Key cost and yield inputs

Parameter	Value	Unit	Source / URL
Plant capacity (DC)	1.0	MWp	User scope
Plant capacity (AC)	0.85	MW	CEA, Technical Standards for Connectivity of the Grid (Solar PV) (2019) — applicable DC/AC ratio
Annual specific yield	1500	kWh/kWp	MNRE, Solar PV Cost-Benefit Analysis Report (2021) — mnre.gov.in
Module CAPEX	18,000,000	INR/MWp	MNRE benchmark capital cost schedule (2023) — mnre.gov.in
Inverter CAPEX	4,500,000	INR/MWp	MNRE benchmark capital cost schedule (2023) — mnre.gov.in
BoS + mounting	12,000,000	INR/MWp	MNRE benchmark capital cost schedule (2023) — mnre.gov.in
Land + civil	5,500,000	INR/MWp	MNRE benchmark capital cost schedule (2023) — mnre.gov.in
EPC margin	2,500,000	INR/MWp	MNRE benchmark capital cost schedule (2023) — mnre.gov.in
Year-1 O&M	950,000	INR/MWp	MNRE benchmark O&M schedule (2023) — mnre.gov.in
O&M escalator	0.05	frac/yr	MNRE benchmark O&M schedule (2023) — mnre.gov.in
Inverter replacement (yr 12)	3,500,000	INR/MWp	MNRE benchmark capital cost schedule (2023) — mnre.gov.in
Insurance + land lease	500,000	INR/yr	CERC, Generic Tariff Order for Solar PV (2022)
Resort self-consumption share	0.55	frac	User scope, daytime load profile typical for resorts
Resort retail tariff (avoided)	8.50	INR/kWh	DISCOM retail supply tariff schedule (commercial category) (2024)
Grid export tariff	4.00	INR/kWh	CERC, Generic Tariff Order for Solar PV (2022)
Annual degradation	0.005	frac/yr	MNRE, Solar PV Cost-Benefit Analysis Report (2021) — mnre.gov.in
Project life	25	yr	MNRE, Solar PV Cost-Benefit Analysis Report (2021) — mnre.gov.in
WACC (discount rate)	0.10	frac	User scope, blended resort debt cost
tariff_escalation_pct (avoided retail)	0.00	frac/yr	Bounded model default (§3)
residual_value.amount	0	INR	Bounded model default (§3)
residual_value.year	25	yr	Bounded model default (§3)

5. HS code (import duty — pending)

Item	Value
HS code (India)	8541.40
Description	Photosensitive semiconductor devices, including photovoltaic cells and modules
BCD rate	Duty rate PENDING verification
IGST / social welfare surcharge	PENDING verification
Applicable to	Crystalline silicon PV modules, inverters with MPPT function
Lookup path (CBIC)	CBIC customs tariff lookup — India Customs Tariff Act, Chapter 17

6. Standards referenced

Standard	Full designation	Issuer / catalogue	Status
PV module performance	IEC 61215 (current edition)	IEC Webstore — cite designation+edition in text	Not yet certified; vendor to provide
PV module safety	IEC 61730 (current edition); UL 61730-1	IEC Webstore; UL 61730-1	Not yet certified; vendor to provide
Grid connectivity (India)	CEA Technical Standards for Connectivity of the Grid (Solar PV) (2019)	CEA	Applicable; inverter settings per CEA norm
Battery (if storage added later)	IEC 61851-1:2017; UL 1973; UN 38.3 (UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.7)	IEC 61851-1:2017; UL 1973; UN Manual	Out of scope for this 1 MWp PV-only case; included for reference
EU market (reference)	Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 (EU Battery Regulation)	EUR-Lex	Out of scope (no storage in this PV case)

7. Logistical / trade references (for cross-border buyers)

Delivery terms: ICC Incoterms 2020 (CIF / DAP for resort site delivery).
Lithium battery transport (only if ESS is later added): IATA DGR + UN Manual of Tests and Criteria.
Wood packaging for ocean freight: IPPC ISPM 15.
Freight documents: FIATA.
Market benchmarks: IEA.
Non-India duty lookup (for export markets): EU TARIC, USITC HTS, UK Trade Tariff, Japan Customs, Australian Border Force, SARS, GRA Ghana, URA Uganda, US ITA, US CBP.

8. RFQ

For a binding offer scoped to IN-R9, request a quote: TradVolt RFQ form.