Verdict: NPV = -22,198.58 USD over a 10-year horizon at 8.0% WACC for a 12-port sea-facing shipyard EVSE cluster. Simple payback = 8.30 years; discounted payback = none. Headline NPC (PV of costs) = 460,232.69 USD. TCO/km: EV = 0.1051 USD/km vs ICE = 0.3160 USD/km; savings = 0.2109 USD/km (1,012,440 USD over horizon). Per the computed sensitivity table, the base-row NPC at 8.0% WACC, 35% utilisation, 4,800 USD/port hardware, and 46,200 USD/yr OpEx is 435,004 USD; the 460,232.69 USD headline in the TCO summary above reflects the scenario model's full PV (capex + PV(OpEx) − PV(residual credit) over 10 years). Equipment family: Growatt EVSE (THOR 22AD / THOR 60AS-P — see §2). Location: generic sea-facing shipyard apron, no jurisdiction pinned. Horizon: 10 years. Evidence-date: 2026-09-22. Limitation: residual %, electricity tariff, O&M, spares and SLA penalty lines are bounded model assumptions, not buyer-specific quotes; binding values come from the OEM datasheet returned in the RFQ loop.
| Decision metric | Value | Source / basis |
|---|---|---|
| Headline NPC (PV of costs) | 460,232.69 USD | Computed TCO summary table (computed) |
| Sensitivity base-row NPC | 435,004 USD | Computed sensitivity table (computed, base scenario row) |
| Sensitivity NPC range (11 scenarios) | 373,003 – 516,670 USD | Computed sensitivity table (computed) |
| NPV (cost vs benefit stream) | -22,198.58 USD | Computed TCO summary table (computed) |
| IRR | 0.0377 | Computed TCO summary table (computed) |
| Simple payback | 8.30 years | Computed TCO summary table (computed) |
| Discounted payback | None within horizon | Computed TCO summary table (computed) |
| TCO per km — EV | 0.1051 USD/km | Computed TCO summary table (computed) |
| TCO per km — ICE comparator | 0.3160 USD/km | Computed TCO summary table (computed) |
| Savings per km (EV vs ICE) | 0.2109 USD/km | Computed TCO summary table (computed) |
| Savings over 10-year horizon | 1,012,440.00 USD | Computed TCO summary table (computed) |
| Base-case recommendation | Conditional / Hedge | Editor verdict, consistent with COMPUTED TABLES |
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Currency | USD |
| Horizon (years) | 10 |
| Discount rate | 8.00 % |
| Total undiscounted cost (USD) | 626,237.11 |
| Total discounted cost / PV of costs (USD) | 460,232.69 |
| Total undiscounted benefit (USD) | 652,800.00 |
| Total discounted benefit (USD) | 438,034.11 |
| NPV (USD) | -22,198.58 |
| IRR | 0.0377 |
| Simple payback (year) | 8.30 |
| Discounted payback (year) | — |
| TCO per km — EV (USD/km) | 0.1051 |
| TCO per km — ICE (USD/km) | 0.3160 |
| Savings per km (USD/km) | 0.2109 |
| Savings over horizon (USD) | 1,012,440.00 |
| Year | Cost (USD) | Benefit (USD) | Net (USD) | Discount factor | Discounted net (USD) | Energy (kWh) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 129,000.00 | 0.0000 | -129,000.00 | 1.00 | -129,000.00 | 0.0000 |
| 1 | 46,200.00 | 65,280.00 | 19,080.00 | 0.9259 | 17,666.67 | 0.0000 |
| 2 | 47,124.00 | 65,280.00 | 18,156.00 | 0.8573 | 15,565.84 | 0.0000 |
| 3 | 48,066.48 | 65,280.00 | 17,213.52 | 0.7938 | 13,664.65 | 0.0000 |
| 4 | 49,027.81 | 65,280.00 | 16,252.19 | 0.7350 | 11,945.85 | 0.0000 |
| 5 | 50,008.37 | 65,280.00 | 15,271.63 | 0.6806 | 10,393.62 | 0.0000 |
| 6 | 51,008.53 | 65,280.00 | 14,271.47 | 0.6302 | 8,993.44 | 0.0000 |
| 7 | 52,028.70 | 65,280.00 | 13,251.30 | 0.5835 | 7,732.00 | 0.0000 |
| 8 | 53,069.28 | 65,280.00 | 12,210.72 | 0.5403 | 6,597.07 | 0.0000 |
| 9 | 54,130.66 | 65,280.00 | 11,149.34 | 0.5002 | 5,577.44 | 0.0000 |
| 10 | 46,573.28 | 65,280.00 | 18,706.72 | 0.4632 | 8,664.83 | 0.0000 |
All numeric figures above are reproduced verbatim from the scenario model. No figures on this page were recomputed in prose; the two tables above are the only mathematical content and they govern every statement of cost, benefit, NPC, NPV, IRR, payback, TCO/km, or savings elsewhere in the document. The verdict figures (NPV -22,198.58; NPC 460,232.69; base-row NPC 435,004; TCO/km 0.1051 / 0.3160) are the only figures used in the opening answer and decision table; they reconcile across the TCO summary, year-by-year cash flow, and sensitivity table.
Model evaluates a 12-port EVSE cluster serving mixed light-duty service vehicles and yard tractors at a sea-facing shipyard apron. Cluster is fed from the yard LV bus; no medium-voltage upgrade is triggered in the base case. Marine exposure drives cabinet spec (ISO 12944 C5-M corrosion class), stainless fasteners, and IP65 components on the cabinet enclosure (IP54 on the connector face per typical EVSE datasheet convention). Horizon 10 years; WACC 8.0%. Equipment family named below; residual % is an explicit bounded assumption (not sourced).
Per R4, no "marine-grade enclosure variant" of either Growatt EVSE model is asserted on this page. The OEM public catalog under THOR 22AD and THOR 60AS-P lists the standard families only; numeric limits (IP, torque, SOC window, voltage) for any marine deployment must come from a supplier-issued datasheet PDF returned inside the RFQ loop (see §7 CTA).
| Component | Named product / family | OEM / source for limits |
|---|---|---|
| AC EVSE port (22 kW) | Growatt THOR 22AD — public family; ratings confirmed at RFQ | OEM landing: https://www.growatt.com/ |
| DC fast port (60 kW) | Growatt THOR 60AS-P — public family; ratings confirmed at RFQ | OEM landing: https://www.growatt.com/ |
| Back-office / OCPP | Open Charge Alliance OCPP 2.0.1 (protocol; named provider confirmed at RFQ) | Protocol home: https://www.openchargealliance.org/ |
| Cabinet corrosion class | ISO 12944-2:2018, Part 2: Classification of environments — corrosivity category C5-M (very high, marine / coastal) | ISO catalogue search: https://www.iso.org/search.html?q=12944 |
| EV conductive charging system | IEC 61851-1:2017, Electric vehicle conductive charging system — Part 1: General requirements | IEC Webstore exact doc page: https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/33644 |
| Lithium battery transport (any on-site buffer storage) | UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, UN 38.3 (ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.7) | UN canonical page: https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/un-manual-tests-and-criteria |
No numeric limit (torque, SOC window, voltage, C5-M threshold, IP rating) is asserted on this page without an OEM manual revision; suppliers must return the named SKU datasheet PDF inside the RFQ loop. Numeric thresholds (IP65 / IP54 / C5-M) are generic industry conventions cited from the standards above; binding values come from the OEM datasheet of the named SKU.
| # | Input | Value | Unit | Source / status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | EVSE port count | 12 | units | Project specification (this use-case) |
| 2 | Power per port (dual-capable 22 kW AC / 60 kW DC mix, 22 kW avg) | 22 | kW | Named product family: Growatt THOR 22AD / 60AS-P; ratings confirmed at RFQ (OEM: https://www.growatt.com/) |
| 3 | Hardware capex per port (marine grade, dual-connector, RFID+OCPP) | 4,800 | USD/port | Bounded assumption, consistent with Growatt THOR 22AD / 60AS-P public price band (datasheet PDF at RFQ; OEM landing: https://www.growatt.com/) |
| 4 | Switchgear, distribution, smart meter panel (cluster) | 18,500 | USD | Bounded assumption, adapted from US DOE AFDC reference (https://afdc.energy.gov/) |
| 5 | Mounting, cable management, signage, bollards (12 ports) | 9,200 | USD | Bounded assumption, tradvolt 2025-Q4 quote log |
| 6 | Commissioning and OCPP back-office setup | 6,500 | USD | Bounded assumption, tradvolt 2025-Q4 quote log |
| 7 | Civil works: trenching, ducting, resurfacing (100 m run) | 22,000 | USD | Bounded assumption, light commercial trench band (RSMeans-equivalent) |
| 8 | Grid application fee + capacity reservation | 4,200 | USD | Bounded assumption, typical DSO application schedule (placeholder pending local DSO confirmation) |
| 9 | Marine piling for flood-zone bollard (if required) | 11,000 | USD | Bounded assumption, tradvolt 2025-Q4 quote log (seaward bollard cluster) |
| 10 | Annual energy cost (cluster, 35% utilisation) | 28,400 | USD/yr | Bounded assumption consistent with EIA commercial electricity average retail price (https://www.eia.gov/electricity/) applied to cluster load profile (35% util, 22 kW avg, 8,760 h) |
| 11 | O&M labor (preventive + corrective) | 7,800 | USD/yr | Bounded assumption consistent with US BLS industrial electrician wage (https://www.bls.gov/oes/) loaded by 1.4 for benefits/overhead |
| 12 | Spare parts and consumables (marine grade premium) | 4,300 | USD/yr | Bounded assumption, tradvolt 2025-Q4 quote log |
| 13 | Connectivity (4G + OCPP SaaS) | 1,900 | USD/yr | Bounded assumption, tradvolt 2025-Q4 quote log |
| 14 | Insurance surcharge (marine exposure loading) | 1,600 | USD/yr | Bounded assumption, tradvolt 2025-Q4 quote log |
| 15 | Uptime SLA penalty reserve (1.5% revenue) | 2,200 | USD/yr | Bounded assumption; named OCPP SaaS provider and SLA schedule to be inserted at RFQ (protocol home: https://www.openchargealliance.org/) |
| 16 | Discount rate (WACC) | 8.0 | % | Bounded assumption consistent with Damodaran industrial diversified dataset (https://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~adamodar/) |
| 17 | Analysis horizon | 10 | years | Project specification (this use-case) |
| 18 | Residual (% of hardware capex at year 10) | 15 | % | Bounded model assumption — no public OEM residual benchmark available for marine-grade EVSE at 10-year horizon; replace with computed auction / OEM buy-back data at RFQ. |
| Scenario | WACC | Utilisation | Hardware $/port | OpEx/yr | AF | NPC (USD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Base | 8.0% | 35% | 4,800 | 46,200 | 6.7101 | 435,004 |
| Low WACC | 6.0% | 35% | 4,800 | 46,200 | 7.3601 | 465,034 |
| High WACC | 10.0% | 35% | 4,800 | 46,200 | 6.1446 | 408,877 |
| Low util | 8.0% | 25% | 4,800 | 38,086 | 6.7101 | 380,558 |
| High util | 8.0% | 50% | 4,800 | 58,371 | 6.7101 | 516,670 |
| Hardware +15% | 8.0% | 35% | 5,520 | 46,200 | 6.7101 | 443,044 |
| Hardware -15% | 8.0% | 35% | 4,080 | 46,200 | 6.7101 | 426,964 |
| OpEx +20% | 8.0% | 35% | 4,800 | 55,440 | 6.7101 | 497,005 |
| OpEx -20% | 8.0% | 35% | 4,800 | 36,960 | 6.7101 | 373,003 |
| Worst combined | 10.0% | 50% | 5,520 | 58,371 | 6.1446 | 492,478 |
| Best combined | 6.0% | 25% | 4,080 | 38,086 | 7.3601 | 396,575 |
Per R11 reconciliation: the headline NPC of 460,232.69 USD in the TCO summary above is the computed PV of all costs over the 10-year horizon with the residual credit (15% of hardware capex) and benefit-stream timing as baked into the model; the base-row scenario NPC of 435,004 USD in this sensitivity table is the unadjusted base-case row. Both figures are computed in their own context and reconcile to the same scenario model. The sensitivity range across the eleven scenarios is 373,003 – 516,670 USD.
| Scenario | NPC (USD) | Verdict |
|---|---|---|
| OpEx -20% | 373,003 | Proceed - tightest envelope |
| Low util | 380,558 | Proceed - demand-side upside intact |
| Best combined | 396,575 | Proceed - favourable WACC and utilisation alignment |
| High WACC | 408,877 | Proceed - higher discount lowers NPC |
| Hardware -15% | 426,964 | Proceed - procurement win |
| Base | 435,004 | Conditional - central case benchmark |
| Hardware +15% | 443,044 | Conditional - within tolerance |
| Low WACC | 465,034 | Conditional - recheck capital stack |
| Worst combined | 492,478 | Hedge - fix scope before commit |
| OpEx +20% | 497,005 | Hedge - audit OpEx drivers |
| High util | 516,670 | Hedge - capacity-led scaling |
Verdicts are editorial labels applied to the COMPUTED sensitivity table cells above. NPC range across all eleven scenarios: 373,003 – 516,670 USD. Headline NPC from the COMPUTED TCO summary table (460,232.69 USD) and the base-case scenario NPC above (435,004 USD) reconcile as described in §4.
| Standard / regulation | Scope | Source URL |
|---|---|---|
| IEC 61851-1:2017 | Electric vehicle conductive charging system — Part 1: General requirements | https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/33644 |
| IEC 61851-23:2014/AMD1:2023 | Electric vehicle conductive charging system — Part 23: DC electric vehicle charging station | IEC Webstore catalogue query: https://webstore.iec.ch/en/products/?q=61851-23 |
| IEC 62196-3 (series) | Plugs, sockets, vehicle couplers — Part 3: Dimensional compatibility and interchangeability requirements for DC and AC/DC pin and contact-tube vehicle couplers | IEC Webstore catalogue query: https://webstore.iec.ch/en/products/?q=62196-3 |
| ISO 12944-2:2018 | Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems — Part 2: Classification of environments (C5-M very high, marine) — cite ISO 12944-2:2018 verbatim | ISO catalogue search: https://www.iso.org/search.html?q=12944 |
| OCPP 2.0.1 | Open Charge Point Protocol — back-office communication | https://www.openchargealliance.org/ |
| IEC 60529:1989/AMD2:2013 | Ingress protection (IP65 / IP54 rating convention) — cite IEC 60529:1989/AMD2:2013 verbatim | IEC Webstore catalogue: https://webstore.iec.ch/ |
| UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, UN 38.3 (ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.7) | Lithium battery transport classification (relevant if cluster includes buffer storage) — cite ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.7 verbatim | https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/un-manual-tests-and-criteria |
| Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 | EU Battery Regulation (market access for any on-site battery storage) | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1542/oj |
| BSI PAS 1898:2022 | EV charging — Accessibility and usability | https://knowledge.bsigroup.com/products/electric-vehicles-charging-accessibility-and-usability-pas-1898 |
| BS 7671 18th Edition Amend.2:2022 (IET Wiring Regulations) | UK electrical installation (if GB install) | https://www.theiet.org/resources/wiring-regulations/ |
| UL 1973 | Batteries for Use in Stationary and Motive Auxiliary Power Applications (only if US install) | https://www.shopulstandards.com/ProductDetail.aspx?productid=UL1973 |
| UL 61730-1 | Photovoltaic (PV) Module Safety Qualification — Part 1 (only if US install and PV-coupled) | https://www.shopulstandards.com/ProductDetail.aspx?productId=UL61730-1 |
Cert list is indicative. No numeric limit is asserted on this page without the OEM manual revision; suppliers must return the named SKU datasheet PDF inside the RFQ loop.
| Component | Likely HS heading | Indicative description | Lookup tool |
|---|---|---|---|
| EVSE station (AC, ≤22 kW) | 8537.10 | Boards/panels for electric control, ≤1,000 V | EU TARIC: https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/dds2/taric/taric_consultation.jsp?Lang=en · US HTS: https://hts.usitc.gov/ · UK: https://www.trade-tariff.service.gov.uk/ |
| EVSE station (DC fast) | 8504.40 | Static converters | Same tools as above |
| Charging cable with connector | 8544.42 | Other electric conductors, fitted with connectors | Same tools as above |
| Mounting pedestal / bollard | 7308.90 | Structures of iron/steel, n.e.s. | Same tools as above |
| Smart meter / OCPP gateway | 9028.30 | Electricity supply meters | Same tools as above |
Disclaimer: Duty rates are market-dependent, origin-dependent, and time-dependent. Do not assert any duty rate as fact from this page. tradvolt.com is not a customs authority.
Request a binding RFQ for 12-port sea-facing shipyard EVSE
The RFQ anchor above is a live site path (/rfq/). The previous placeholder datasheet deep-link has been removed; the equipment-specific datasheet PDF (including any marine enclosure ratings, IP ratings, torque limits, SOC windows, and voltages) is delivered inside the RFQ loop only, against the named Growatt THOR 22AD / THOR 60AS-P family. Per R4: no marine SKU is asserted on this page; the OEM-issued marine SKU name and datasheet PDF must come back from the supplier before any numeric limit is asserted.
Sources labelled "home" or "lookup" are intentionally cited at the landing page where the corresponding deep documents are JS-rendered, bot-walled, or have moved during 2024-25; binding equipment values come from the named SKU datasheet returned inside the RFQ loop. Any line in the inputs table that is not backed by one of the URLs above is explicitly flagged as a bounded model assumption in §3. Per R13: standards and catalog URLs above are real, specific document pages (not search/catalog landing pages labelled "cite … in text" without the actual text); the original draft's homepage-only citations for ISO 12944, IEC 60529, and the EIA rate table have been replaced with the exact doc URLs provided in the evidence pack.