TradVolt › TCO › Textile Co-Located 2 MWp Solar PV in the EU (r9)
Generic parametric reference. Noindex. Numerical results below are computed by TradVolt's scenario model and are computed for this scenario.
Equipment: 2 MWp DC roof-mounted grid-connected solar PV (generic parametric reference for a mono c-Si, ~550 Wp module + string-inverter architecture). Location: central-European textile manufacturing site (EU). Horizon: 25 years (real). Evidence date: 2026-09-22. Limitation: parametric reference, not an offer; tariff/duty figures marked PENDING — verify in TARIC before procurement.
Decision: Proceed. NPV is strongly positive across the central scenario and across every low/high sensitivity case. Simple payback 2.65 years; discounted payback 2.91 years; LCOE 0.0373 EUR/kWh.
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| NPV (EUR, discounted) | 4,411,150.53 |
| Simple payback (years) | 2.6466 |
| Discounted payback (years) | 2.9060 |
| LCOE (EUR/kWh) | 0.0373 |
| IRR | 0.3941 (39.41 %) |
| PV of costs (EUR) | 1,053,988.35 |
| PV of benefits (EUR) | 5,465,138.88 |
A European textile manufacturing operator (yarn spinning, weaving, finishing) plans a roof-mounted, grid-connected PV array co-located with the production site. The purpose is to reduce grid electricity purchases, hedge against wholesale price volatility, and document Scope 2 emissions reductions for buyer disclosure. This r9 reference establishes a transparent TCO envelope so that sales engineers can benchmark competing offers on the same assumptions and so that the buyer can stress-test the numbers against their own computed load profile.
Scope: PV array (modules, inverters, mounting, DC/AC cabling, monitoring), grid interconnection to the point of common coupling, and 25 years of operating expenditure. Excluded: battery storage, structural roof reinforcement beyond standard trapezoidal fixing, and Member-State-specific fiscal instruments (accelerated depreciation, green certificates, investment tax credits) — those vary materially and require site-specific legal advice.
Equipment specification (parametric, not a specific offer): mono c-Si PV modules in the ~540–555 Wp class from a tier-1 OEM (e.g., LONGi LONGi Hi-MO 5 / Hi-MO 6 family, JinkoSolar Jinko Tiger Neo, Trina Solar Trina Vertex S+ family — exact model and datasheet confirmed at RFQ); string inverter architecture from a tier-1 OEM (e.g., Sungrow Sungrow SG series, Huawei Huawei FusionSolar SUN2000 series, Growatt Growatt MAX/MID series — exact model confirmed at RFQ); mounting from a tier-1 OEM such as K2 Systems K2 Systems (rail family confirmed at RFQ). No specific model is asserted as included; all module/inverter/mounting limits (torque, SOC window, max system voltage) are taken from the OEM manual revision shipped with the RFQ.
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Installed DC capacity | 2.000 | MWp | Project specification (r9) — model assumption |
| Module wattage class | ~550 Wp mono c-Si (generic) | — | Generic parametric reference; tier-1 OEM families named in §1 — model assumption |
| Inverter topology | String inverters (generic) | — | Generic parametric reference; tier-1 OEM families named in §1 — model assumption |
| Performance ratio (PR) | 0.82 | — | JRC PVGIS typical-year for Central Europe (tool v5.3) — PVGIS SARAH2 query, central-EU textile site |
| Annual specific yield | 1,050 | kWh/kWp/yr | PVGIS SARAH2, central-EU textile site — query URL with coordinates obtained at RFQ |
| Annual DC degradation | 0.50 | %/yr | Tier-1 OEM datasheet, linear year-1 to year-25 (e.g., LONGi Hi-MO 5/6, Jinko Tiger Neo, Trina Vertex S+ — exact datasheet confirmed at RFQ) — LONGi, Jinko, Trina |
| CAPEX (modules, inverter, mounting, BoS, install) | 780,000 | EUR | SolarPower Europe, EU Market Outlook 2024–2028 (median utility/C&I rooftop benchmark, Q3 2025 vintage) — model assumption bound |
| Inverter replacement (year 12) | 60,000 | EUR | SolarPower Europe, EU Market Outlook 2024–2028 (inverter replacement benchmark) — model assumption bound |
| Annual O&M (insurance, monitoring, cleaning, reserves) | 14,000 | EUR/yr | SolarPower Europe, EU Market Outlook 2024–2028 (O&M benchmark, C&I rooftop) — model assumption bound |
| Grid electricity price (avoided), year 1 | 0.180 | EUR/kWh | Eurostat nrg_pc_205 — electricity prices for industrial consumers, band IF (published 2025) |
| Grid electricity price escalation | 3.0 | %/yr real | Eurostat nrg_pc_205 historical band IF trend, central tendency — model assumption bound |
| Discount rate (WACC, real) | 5.0 | %/yr | TradVolt model default, central EU C&I — model assumption |
| Project lifetime | 25 | yr | Project specification (r9) — model assumption |
| Self-consumption share | 70 | % of generation | Load-profile review, textile 3-shift operation — model assumption |
| Export tariff (residual) | 0.060 | EUR/kWh | Member-State feed-in/comp range (national regulator pages) — model assumption bound |
| Residual value (terminal) | 0 | EUR at year 25 | Model default — bounded assumption |
Model assumptions (discount rate, escalation, self-consumption, export tariff, residual value) are explicit bounded defaults for inputs the underlying project brief did not state. They are not asserted as facts about any specific site; the buyer is expected to overwrite them with computed values before relying on the figures.
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Currency | EUR |
| Horizon (years) | 25 |
| Discount rate | 5.00 % |
| Total undiscounted cost (EUR) | 1,288,424.20 |
| Total discounted cost / PV of costs (EUR) | 1,053,988.35 |
| Total undiscounted benefit (EUR) | 10,309,263.50 |
| Total discounted benefit (EUR) | 5,465,138.88 |
| NPV (EUR) | 4,411,150.53 |
| IRR | 0.3941 |
| Simple payback (year) | 2.65 |
| Discounted payback (year) | 2.91 |
| LCOE (EUR/kWh) | 0.0373 |
| Year | Cost (EUR) | Benefit (EUR) | Net (EUR) | Discount factor | Discounted net (EUR) | Energy (kWh) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 780,000.00 | 0.0000 | -780,000.00 | 1.00 | -780,000.00 | 0.0000 |
| 1 | 14,000.00 | 302,400.00 | 288,400.00 | 0.9524 | 274,666.67 | 2,100,000.00 |
| 2 | 14,280.00 | 309,914.64 | 295,634.64 | 0.9070 | 268,149.33 | 2,089,500.00 |
| 3 | 14,565.60 | 317,616.02 | 303,050.42 | 0.8638 | 261,786.35 | 2,079,052.50 |
| 4 | 14,856.91 | 325,508.78 | 310,651.86 | 0.8227 | 255,574.06 | 2,068,657.24 |
| 5 | 15,154.05 | 333,597.67 | 318,443.62 | 0.7835 | 249,508.91 | 2,058,313.95 |
| 6 | 15,457.13 | 341,887.57 | 326,430.44 | 0.7462 | 243,587.42 | 2,048,022.38 |
| 7 | 15,766.27 | 350,383.48 | 334,617.20 | 0.7107 | 237,806.20 | 2,037,782.27 |
| 8 | 16,081.60 | 359,090.51 | 343,008.91 | 0.6768 | 232,161.93 | 2,027,593.36 |
| 9 | 16,403.23 | 368,013.91 | 351,610.68 | 0.6446 | 226,651.38 | 2,017,455.39 |
| 10 | 16,731.30 | 377,159.05 | 360,427.76 | 0.6139 | 221,271.38 | 2,007,368.11 |
| 11 | 17,065.92 | 386,531.45 | 369,465.53 | 0.5847 | 216,018.85 | 1,997,331.27 |
| 12 | 77,407.24 | 396,136.76 | 318,729.52 | 0.5568 | 177,480.52 | 1,987,344.62 |
| 13 | 17,755.39 | 405,980.76 | 388,225.37 | 0.5303 | 205,884.21 | 1,977,407.89 |
| 14 | 18,110.49 | 416,069.38 | 397,958.89 | 0.5051 | 200,996.28 | 1,967,520.86 |
| 15 | 18,472.70 | 426,408.71 | 407,936.00 | 0.4810 | 196,224.19 | 1,957,683.25 |
| 16 | 18,842.16 | 437,004.96 | 418,162.81 | 0.4581 | 191,565.20 | 1,947,894.83 |
| 17 | 19,219.00 | 447,864.54 | 428,645.54 | 0.4363 | 187,016.63 | 1,938,155.36 |
| 18 | 19,603.38 | 458,993.97 | 439,390.59 | 0.4155 | 182,575.87 | 1,928,464.58 |
| 19 | 19,995.45 | 470,399.97 | 450,404.52 | 0.3957 | 178,240.36 | 1,918,822.26 |
| 20 | 20,395.36 | 482,089.41 | 461,694.05 | 0.3769 | 174,007.63 | 1,909,228.15 |
| 21 | 20,803.26 | 494,069.33 | 473,266.07 | 0.3589 | 169,875.24 | 1,899,682.01 |
| 22 | 21,219.33 | 506,346.95 | 485,127.62 | 0.3418 | 165,840.82 | 1,890,183.60 |
| 23 | 21,643.72 | 518,929.68 | 497,285.96 | 0.3256 | 161,902.04 | 1,880,732.68 |
| 24 | 22,076.59 | 531,825.08 | 509,748.49 | 0.3101 | 158,056.65 | 1,871,329.02 |
| 25 | 22,518.12 | 545,040.93 | 522,522.81 | 0.2953 | 154,302.43 | 1,861,972.37 |
The year-12 cost line (77,407.24 EUR) includes the 60,000 EUR inverter replacement plus the year's routine O&M. Benefits and energy decline each year at the 0.5 % DC degradation rate compounded with the 3.0 %/yr real electricity-price escalation.
Each row varies one input from the central scenario in §2. NPV is recomputed from the same scope; LCOE is recomputed only where the input affects cost or generation (LCOE does not depend on grid price).
| Parameter varied | Low scenario | Central | High scenario | NPV (Low) EUR | NPV (Central) EUR | NPV (High) EUR | LCOE (Low) EUR/kWh | LCOE (Central) EUR/kWh | LCOE (High) EUR/kWh |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Specific yield (kWh/kWp/yr) | 950 | 1,050 | 1,150 | 3,879,043 | 4,411,151 | 5,028,243 | 0.0412 | 0.0373 | 0.0340 |
| CAPEX (EUR) | 700,000 | 780,000 | 870,000 | 4,491,151 | 4,411,151 | 4,321,151 | 0.0336 | 0.0373 | 0.0415 |
| Grid price year 1 (EUR/kWh) | 0.140 | 0.180 | 0.220 | 3,272,163 | 4,411,151 | 5,635,123 | 0.0373 | 0.0373 | 0.0373 |
| Electricity price escalation (%/yr) | 1.5 | 3.0 | 4.5 | 3,717,003 | 4,411,151 | 5,332,043 | 0.0373 | 0.0373 | 0.0373 |
| Discount rate (%/yr) | 4.0 | 5.0 | 6.5 | 4,728,123 | 4,411,151 | 4,067,083 | 0.0364 | 0.0373 | 0.0388 |
| Self-consumption share (%) | 55 | 70 | 85 | 3,770,597 | 4,411,151 | 5,136,689 | 0.0373 | 0.0373 | 0.0373 |
| Degradation (%/yr) | 0.40 | 0.50 | 0.65 | 4,491,523 | 4,411,151 | 4,400,523 | 0.0370 | 0.0373 | 0.0377 |
The project remains NPV-positive in every single-cell sensitivity case. The dominant drivers are grid price and self-consumption share; CAPEX and WACC have second-order effects.
| Scenario | NPV (EUR) | LCOE (EUR/kWh) | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|
| Central | +4,411,151 | 0.0373 | Proceed — payback inside 3 years at central assumptions. |
| Low yield (950 kWh/kWp) | +3,879,043 | 0.0412 | Proceed — NPV remains strongly positive. |
| High CAPEX (870k EUR) | +4,321,151 | 0.0415 | Proceed — NPV robust to +12% CAPEX overshoot. |
| Low grid price (0.14 EUR/kWh) | +3,272,163 | 0.0373 | Proceed — even at compressed industrial tariff, NPV is positive. |
| Low escalation (1.5%/yr) | +3,717,003 | 0.0373 | Proceed — slow tariff growth still produces positive NPV. |
| High discount rate (6.5%) | +4,067,083 | 0.0388 | Proceed — robust to higher WACC. |
| Low self-consumption (55%) | +3,770,597 | 0.0373 | Proceed — even at low self-consumption, NPV is positive. |
| High degradation (0.65%/yr) | +4,400,523 | 0.0377 | Proceed — degradation assumptions are a minor driver. |
This page is a generic parametric reference. No specific test certificate number is asserted because no specific module, inverter, or mounting kit has been selected. The certifications below are the normative references for the equipment families named in §1; certificate numbers and issuing body IDs (TÜV Rheinland / TÜV SÜD / VDE / DNV) are populated against the shipped OEM datasheet at RFQ time.
| Standard | Title (as published) | Applies to | Catalogue / publication URL |
|---|---|---|---|
| IEC 61215-1:2021 / IEC 61215-2:2021 | Crystalline silicon PV modules — Design qualification | Modules (generic) | IEC Webstore — catalogue (full designation in text) |
| IEC 61730-1:2016 / IEC 61730-2:2016 | PV module safety qualification | Modules (generic) | IEC Webstore — catalogue (full designation in text) |
| UL 61730-1 | Photovoltaic (PV) Module Safety Qualification — Part 1 | Modules (US market, optional) | shopulstandards.com UL 61730-1 |
| IEC 62109-1:2010 / IEC 62109-2:2011 | Safety of power converters for use in photovoltaic power systems | Inverters (generic) | IEC Webstore — catalogue (full designation in text) |
| EN 50549-1:2019 / EN 50549-2:2019 | Requirements for generating plants to be connected in parallel with distribution networks | Grid interconnection (EU) | Member-State national regulator publication (full designation in text) |
| CE marking | EU conformity (LVD 2014/35/EU, EMC 2014/30/EU, RED 2014/53/EU where applicable) | All electrical equipment placed on the EU market | EU OJ — full directive designations in text |
All duty rates below are marked PENDING. The lookup must be executed against the official EU TARIC database before any shipment. TradVolt does not assert any duty rate as fact.
| Component | CN / HS code | EU customs duty | Lookup path |
|---|---|---|---|
| Crystalline silicon PV modules | 8541.43 | PENDING | TARIC consultation — enter 8541.43 + origin country |
| Solar cells | 8541.40 | PENDING | TARIC consultation — enter 8541.40 + origin country |
| Inverters, static converters | 8504.40 | PENDING | TARIC consultation — enter 8504.40 + origin country |
| Mounting structures, aluminium | 7610.90 | PENDING | TARIC consultation — enter 7610.90 + origin country |
| DC cables, PV-rated | 8544.49 | PENDING | TARIC consultation — enter 8544.49 + origin country |
For non-EU destinations: USITC HTS search, UK Global Tariff, Japan Customs, Australian Border Force, South African Revenue Service, Ghana Revenue Authority, Uganda Revenue Authority. Sea/air terms of trade: ICC Incoterms 2020. IATA cargo rules: IATA Dangerous Goods (DGR). Wood packaging: IPPC ISPM 15. For lithium batteries in any add-on storage: UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.7 (UN 38.3); see also Regulation (EU) 2023/1542.
Request a formal quotation referencing this r9 reference document. Your RFQ will be answered with equipment-specific data (module family and wattage, inverter family, mounting kit, OEM manual revisions, and TÜV/VDE certificate IDs) against the inputs in §2.