Verdict at base case (USD): NPV = −997,885 USD over a 15-year horizon (11.00 % discount). Discounted payback: none. Simple payback: none. LCOS = 0.2952 USD/kWh. Equipment: 3 MWh / 3 MW class BESS using CATL LFP cells in a Sungrow ST3725K-HD liquid-cooled cabinet architecture with Sungrow SC3150UD PCS and a Sungrow EMS, deployed at an Indian freight terminal. Location: India (CBIC customs territory). Horizon: 15 years. Discount rate: 11.00 %/yr (after-tax WACC proxy). Evidence date: 2026-09-22. Limitation: figures below are reproduced verbatim from the COMPUTED TABLES — do not re-derive; every prose figure traces to a table cell.
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| NPV (15 yr, 11.00 %) | −997,885 USD |
| PV of costs | 1,711,028 USD |
| PV of benefits | 713,143 USD |
| Simple payback | — (not reached) |
| Discounted payback | — (not reached) |
| IRR | n/a |
| LCOS | 0.2952 USD/kWh |
| Horizon | 15 yr |
| Discount rate | 11.00 %/yr |
| Currency | USD |
The modelled BESS is sized at 3 MWh usable / 3 MW class and built from named, publicly marketed products whose datasheets are cited verbatim below. The stack is:
Application: peak-shaving of crane / RTG / reefer-plug load under the local DISCOM ToU tariff, ride-through during grid outages that would otherwise stall container handling, and standby frequency-response duty subject to the relevant State Load Despatch Centre (SLDC) programme. Indian customs territory is in scope; HS codes and duties below must be re-checked against the CBIC portal at the time of shipment.
The tables in this section are the only mathematics on this page. Every figure in the prose traces to a cell of these tables. Do not re-derive; do not round differently.
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Currency | USD |
| Horizon (years) | 15 |
| Discount rate | 11.00 % |
| Total undiscounted cost (USD) | 2,039,101.88 |
| Total discounted cost / PV of costs (USD) | 1,711,027.57 |
| Total undiscounted benefit (USD) | 1,433,056.20 |
| Total discounted benefit (USD) | 713,142.53 |
| NPV (USD) | -997,885.04 |
| IRR | n/a |
| Simple payback (year) | — |
| Discounted payback (year) | — |
| LCOS (USD/kWh) | 0.2952 |
| Year | Cost (USD) | Benefit (USD) | Net (USD) | Discount factor | Discounted net (USD) | Energy (kWh) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1,500,000.00 | 0.0000 | -1,500,000.00 | 1.00 | -1,500,000.00 | 0.0000 |
| 1 | 22,500.00 | 109,631.74 | 87,131.74 | 0.9009 | 78,497.06 | 891,000.00 |
| 2 | 22,950.00 | 107,439.10 | 84,489.10 | 0.8116 | 68,573.25 | 873,180.00 |
| 3 | 23,409.00 | 105,290.32 | 81,881.32 | 0.7312 | 59,870.92 | 855,716.40 |
| 4 | 23,877.18 | 103,184.52 | 79,307.34 | 0.6587 | 52,242.20 | 838,602.07 |
| 5 | 24,354.72 | 101,120.83 | 76,766.10 | 0.5935 | 45,556.95 | 821,830.03 |
| 6 | 24,841.82 | 99,098.41 | 74,256.59 | 0.5346 | 39,700.61 | 805,393.43 |
| 7 | 25,338.65 | 97,116.44 | 71,777.79 | 0.4817 | 34,572.37 | 789,285.56 |
| 8 | 25,845.43 | 95,174.11 | 69,328.68 | 0.4339 | 30,083.55 | 773,499.85 |
| 9 | 26,362.34 | 93,270.63 | 66,908.29 | 0.3909 | 26,156.11 | 758,029.85 |
| 10 | 26,889.58 | 91,405.22 | 64,515.63 | 0.3522 | 22,721.41 | 742,869.26 |
| 11 | 27,427.37 | 89,577.11 | 62,149.74 | 0.3173 | 19,719.07 | 728,011.87 |
| 12 | 27,975.92 | 87,785.57 | 59,809.65 | 0.2858 | 17,096.04 | 713,451.63 |
| 13 | 28,535.44 | 86,029.86 | 57,494.42 | 0.2575 | 14,805.63 | 699,182.60 |
| 14 | 29,106.15 | 84,309.26 | 55,203.11 | 0.2320 | 12,806.84 | 685,198.95 |
| 15 | 179,688.27 | 82,623.08 | -97,065.20 | 0.2090 | -20,287.05 | 671,494.97 |
Reading the cashflow table directly against the summary table: PV of costs = 1,711,027.57 USD; PV of benefits = 713,142.53 USD; NPV = −997,885.04 USD; LCOS = 0.2952 USD/kWh. Both simple payback and discounted payback are not reached within the 15-year horizon, hence "—"; IRR is undefined (PV of benefits never exceeds PV of costs in the table), hence "n/a".
Each row below maps to a cashflow or summary figure above. Where a value is a model assumption (i.e. not stated in the cited source but bounded for the run), the row is so labelled and the bounded value is given.
| Line item | Value | Unit | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Usable energy | 3,000 | kWh | Model assumption — sized to 3 MWh / 3 MW class block (single Sungrow ST3725K-HD string at nameplate) |
| Round-trip efficiency (AC-AC, modelled) | 92 | % | Model assumption — typical Sungrow SC3150UD + CATL LFP AC-AC RTE band; not a quoted figure from a single source |
| Equivalent full cycles, Year 1 | 330 | cycles/yr | Model assumption — peak-shave + ride-through duty on a 3-shift freight terminal |
| Asset usable fraction (DoD-limited usable energy) | 95 | % | Model assumption — bounded DoD band consistent with CATL LFP operating-window guidance (CATL ESS product page) |
| Asset degradation | 2.0 | %/yr (of initial usable energy) | Model assumption — bounded band consistent with CATL LFP calendar/cycle fade curves (CATL ESS product page) |
| Charge cost (grid electricity to charge the BESS) | 0.07 | USD/kWh | Model assumption — industrial ToU average for Indian DISCOM HT consumers; recompute against CEA/SLDC tariff order at RFQ |
| OPEX escalation | 2.0 | %/yr | Model assumption |
| Residual value (terminal year) | 0 | USD | Model assumption (no salvage credited) |
| Project horizon | 15 | years | Model assumption — bounded to a single augmentation cycle of an LFP stack at the modelled cycle count |
| Discount rate | 11.00 | %/yr | Model assumption — after-tax WACC proxy for an Indian IPP/developer |
| Turnkey CAPEX (3 MWh / 3 MW class, India-delivered) | 1,500,000 | USD | Model assumption — bounded to recent India-port microgrid award band; bind via RFQ |
| Annual fixed OPEX (% of CAPEX) | 1.5 | %/yr | Model assumption — bounded O&M band |
| Augmentation allowance (year 15) | 150,000 | USD (capped) | Model assumption — equals Year-15 OPEX spike in cashflow (179,688.27 − 29,106.15 ≈ 150,000) |
| Peak-shave value (avoided ToU demand + energy) | 0.18 | USD/kWh delivered | Model assumption — ToU differential band for Indian HT industrial; confirm against the operator's DISCOM tariff order at RFQ |
| Outage ride-through value | 0.03 | USD/kWh delivered | Model assumption — operator downtime-cost band |
Certification status is project-specific; confirm with the EPC's design basis at RFQ stage. Standard URLs above are the verified public catalogue / product pages; deep publication IDs beyond the allow-listed set are not cited to avoid 404 risk.
Indian customs territory. Confirm each row against the latest Indian Customs ITC (HS) schedule and the relevant Customs Duty Notification on the CBIC portal (cbic.gov.in) at the time of import. Cells vs assembled modules must be distinguished per CBIC circulars; misclassification is a common cause of port delay. Project Imports: examine Notification 25/2005-Customs (as amended) for project-import eligibility.
| HS code (India, ITC-HS) | Likely description | BCD | IGST | SWS | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8507.60.00 | Lithium-ion accumulators (cells/modules) | PENDING | PENDING | PENDING | CBIC ITC-HS (latest schedule) and applicable CBIC BCD/IGST/SWS notification — verify at time of import |
| 8504.40.90 / 8504.40.40 | Static converters (PCS) for BESS | PENDING | PENDING | PENDING | CBIC ITC-HS and CBIC notification — verify at time of import |
| 8537.10.00 | Boards/panels for BESS control | PENDING | PENDING | PENDING | CBIC ITC-HS and CBIC notification — verify at time of import |
| 8501.52 / 8501.53 (if MV transformer bundled) | MV transformer for skid | PENDING | PENDING | PENDING | CBIC ITC-HS and CBIC notification — verify at time of import |
Disclaimer: Duty rates marked PENDING must be confirmed against the current CBIC notification at the time of shipment. tradvolt.com does not assert any duty rate as fact; the figures above are placeholders pending verification by a licensed customs broker. Cross-reference lookups are supported by the EU TARIC, USITC HTS, UK Global Tariff and equivalent national portals listed in §7 for non-India destinations.
Direct reading of the COMPUTED TABLES in §2:
Implication for the freight-terminal buyer: at the modelled CAPEX, cycle count, tariff value and discount rate, the BESS does not recover its PV cost within the 15-year horizon. The Year-15 line shows a negative undiscounted net (−97,065.20 USD) and a negative discounted net (−20,287.05 USD), driven by the modelled end-of-horizon augmentation accrual. To flip the verdict at this horizon, the binding EPC price, ToU tariff schedule and confirmed cycle count must each be re-tendered; the computed tables above are the baseline against which those binding inputs are compared. A binding offer requires a site-specific survey, a tendered EPC price, and a confirmed ToU tariff schedule from the terminal operator.
Allow-listed references used or pointed to on this page. Deep /publication IDs beyond the allow-listed set are not cited.
Request a binding RFQ for a 3 MWh freight-terminal BESS — India
Figures above are reproduced verbatim from the COMPUTED TABLES in §2; they are not re-derived on this page. A binding offer requires a site-specific survey, a tendered EPC price, and a confirmed ToU tariff schedule from the terminal operator. Compare binding inputs against the computed tables before any investment decision.