Use Case & TCO — 4 MWp Freight-Hub Solar in LATAM (Roof + Carport Mix)
Verdict (Base case, 4 MWp LATAM freight-hub, roof + carport mix, 25-yr horizon, evidence date 2026-01-15): PROCEED. NPV = USD 6,352,939.20; IRR = 43.11 %; simple payback ≈ 2.36 yr; discounted payback ≈ 2.82 yr; LCOE = USD 0.0419/kWh. Equipment envelope: China-sourced mono-PERC modules + 3-phase string inverters (no specific awarded SKU; OEM manual title + revision pending at RFQ). Limitation: figures are SKU-independent outputs of the scenario model dated 2026-01-15 (Section 3); replace with RFQ-priced CAPEX and site-specific yield/tariff before contract award. Export tariff per kWh assumed ZERO-AS-MISSING (no export credit modelled).
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Equipment family (SKU-independent envelope) | China-sourced mono-PERC modules + 3-phase string inverters + rail mounting (no specific awarded SKU) |
| Location | Latin America, coastal logistics corridor (representative) |
| Capacity | 4,000 kWp DC (60 % roof / 40 % carport) |
| Horizon | 25 yr |
| Discount rate (WACC) | 10.00 % |
| NPV | USD 6,352,939.20 |
| IRR | 43.11 % |
| Simple payback | 2.36 yr |
| Discounted payback | 2.82 yr |
| LCOE | USD 0.0419/kWh |
| Export tariff (model assumption) | 0.00 USD/kWh (ZERO-AS-MISSING) |
| Decision | Proceed (Base); No-go only under combined Stress (high CAPEX + low tariff + low yield) |
| Evidence date | 2026-01-15 |
1. Equipment scope — bounded envelope (SKU-independent)
Important: The COMPUTED TABLES (Section 3) were generated for a SKU-independent envelope — a bounded family of China-sourced mono-PERC modules + 3-phase string inverters + rail mounting, with torque / voltage / SOC limits left generic. No specific awarded SKU governs this TCO. OEM product families and the OEM manual title + revision fields required to instantiate limits (torque tables, max DC input voltage, MPPT current, SOC window for any future paired BESS) are not asserted on this page and must be re-confirmed at RFQ against the awarded EPC package. Procurement fallback candidates (real, publicly marketed families only) are listed below for reference; the COMPUTED TABLES are not sensitive to which of these candidates is finally awarded.
| Component | OEM family (REAL, publicly marketed) | OEM product page / datasheet | OEM manual title + revision |
|---|---|---|---|
| Module (mono-PERC) | JinkoSolar Tiger Neo (e.g. JKM-N-54HL4R-V family) OR LONGi Hi-MO 6 (see Hi-MO 5m / Hi-MO 6 family) OR Trina Solar Vertex N | https://www.jinkosolar.com/en/ ; https://www.longi.com/en/ ; https://www.trinasolar.com/us-en | OEM manual title + revision: NOT ASSERTED for this TCO — SKU-independent envelope; to be confirmed at RFQ |
| String inverter (3-phase) | Sungrow SG string family (e.g. SG125HT) OR Huawei SUN2000 (e.g. SUN2000-330KTL-H1) OR Growatt MAX / MID | https://www.sungrowpower.com/en ; https://solar.huawei.com/en ; https://www.growatt.com/ | OEM manual title + revision: NOT ASSERTED for this TCO — SKU-independent envelope; to be confirmed at RFQ |
| Mounting (rail + clamps) | K2 Systems rail family (e.g. N-Rack / SingleRail / SpeedRail) | https://k2-systems.com/en/ | OEM manual title + revision: NOT ASSERTED for this TCO — SKU-independent envelope; torque table to be re-confirmed at RFQ |
Operating envelope (per OEM manuals, to be re-confirmed at award — NOT ASSERTED here): PV-string operating voltage window, max DC input voltage, max MPPT current, SOC window for any paired battery (not in scope here), torque values for module clamps and rail splices — all per the awarded model's datasheet and assembly manual revision. Because no specific SKU governs this TCO, the COMPUTED TABLES are SKU-independent and assume a generic compliant envelope; do not apply torque/voltage/SOC limits from any single OEM manual to this page.
2. Inputs and bounded assumptions
Items the COMPUTED TABLES used as inputs are listed here for traceability. Items marked (model assumption) are bounded inputs the draft did not state and that the scenario model filled in explicitly; they are not OEM- or regulator-published facts.
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Class |
|---|---|---|---|
| Installed DC capacity | 4,000 | kWp | project scope |
| Roof / carport split | 60 % / 40 % | kWp share | model assumption |
| Discount rate (WACC) | 10.00 | %/yr | project assumption (matches table) |
| Analysis horizon | 25 | yr | matches table |
| Tariff escalation | 0.0 | %/yr | model assumption (no tariff escalation applied over horizon) |
| Export tariff per kWh | 0.00 | USD/kWh | model assumption — ZERO-AS-MISSING (no export credit modelled; all benefit is self-use) |
| Residual value amount | 0 | USD | model assumption (terminal value not credited) |
| Residual value year | end of horizon | yr 25 | model assumption |
| Inverter replacement | none scheduled | — | model assumption (no mid-horizon inverter replacement reserve) |
| Year-1 generation | 6,600,000.00 | kWh | matches table (corresponds to ~1,650 kWh/kWp/yr — model assumption) |
| Annual degradation | 0.5 | %/yr | model assumption (linear, applied to kWh column in Section 3) |
| O&M cost (year 1) | 36,000.00 | USD/yr | matches table; escalates at 2.0 %/yr (model assumption) |
| Year-1 self-use tariff value | 0.1358 | USD/kWh | model assumption (matches table — site-specific value pending) |
| Currency | USD | — | all monetary values USD |
3. Computed TCO tables (computed — copy from scenario model)
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Currency | USD |
| Horizon (years) | 25 |
| Discount rate | 10.00 % |
| Total undiscounted cost (USD) | 3,193,090.79 |
| Total discounted cost / PV of costs (USD) | 2,421,860.38 |
| Total undiscounted benefit (USD) | 25,290,300.05 |
| Total discounted benefit (USD) | 8,774,799.58 |
| NPV (USD) | 6,352,939.20 |
| IRR | 0.4311 |
| Simple payback (year) | 2.36 |
| Discounted payback (year) | 2.82 |
| LCOE (USD/kWh) | 0.0419 |
| Year | Cost (USD) | Benefit (USD) | Net (USD) | Discount factor | Discounted net (USD) | Energy (kWh) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 2,040,000.00 | 0.0000 | -2,040,000.00 | 1.00 | -2,040,000.00 | 0.0000 |
| 1 | 36,000.00 | 896,280.00 | 860,280.00 | 0.9091 | 782,072.73 | 6,600,000.00 |
| 2 | 36,720.00 | 905,175.58 | 868,455.58 | 0.8264 | 717,731.88 | 6,567,000.00 |
| 3 | 37,454.40 | 914,159.45 | 876,705.05 | 0.7513 | 658,681.48 | 6,534,165.00 |
| 4 | 38,203.49 | 923,232.48 | 885,028.99 | 0.6830 | 604,486.71 | 6,501,494.17 |
| 5 | 38,967.56 | 932,395.56 | 893,428.00 | 0.6209 | 554,748.50 | 6,468,986.70 |
| 6 | 39,746.91 | 941,649.59 | 901,902.68 | 0.5645 | 509,100.55 | 6,436,641.77 |
| 7 | 40,541.85 | 950,995.46 | 910,453.61 | 0.5132 | 467,206.66 | 6,404,458.56 |
| 8 | 41,352.68 | 960,434.09 | 919,081.41 | 0.4665 | 428,758.26 | 6,372,436.27 |
| 9 | 42,179.74 | 969,966.40 | 927,786.66 | 0.4241 | 393,472.11 | 6,340,574.09 |
| 10 | 43,023.33 | 979,593.31 | 936,569.98 | 0.3855 | 361,088.27 | 6,308,871.22 |
| 11 | 43,883.80 | 989,315.78 | 945,431.98 | 0.3505 | 331,368.14 | 6,277,326.86 |
| 12 | 44,761.48 | 999,134.74 | 954,373.26 | 0.3186 | 304,092.73 | 6,245,940.23 |
| 13 | 45,656.70 | 1,009,051.15 | 963,394.44 | 0.2897 | 279,061.05 | 6,214,710.53 |
| 14 | 46,569.84 | 1,019,065.98 | 972,496.14 | 0.2633 | 256,088.63 | 6,183,636.97 |
| 15 | 47,501.24 | 1,029,180.21 | 981,678.98 | 0.2394 | 235,006.14 | 6,152,718.79 |
| 16 | 48,451.26 | 1,039,394.83 | 990,943.57 | 0.2176 | 215,658.19 | 6,121,955.19 |
| 17 | 49,420.29 | 1,049,710.82 | 1,000,290.53 | 0.1978 | 197,902.15 | 6,091,345.42 |
| 18 | 50,408.69 | 1,060,129.20 | 1,009,720.51 | 0.1799 | 181,607.11 | 6,060,888.69 |
| 19 | 51,416.86 | 1,070,650.98 | 1,019,234.12 | 0.1635 | 166,652.92 | 6,030,584.25 |
| 20 | 52,445.20 | 1,081,277.19 | 1,028,831.99 | 0.1486 | 152,929.32 | 6,000,431.33 |
| 21 | 53,494.11 | 1,092,008.87 | 1,038,514.76 | 0.1351 | 140,335.09 | 5,970,429.17 |
| 22 | 54,563.99 | 1,102,847.06 | 1,048,283.07 | 0.1228 | 128,777.35 | 5,940,577.02 |
| 23 | 55,655.27 | 1,113,792.81 | 1,058,137.55 | 0.1117 | 118,170.85 | 5,910,874.14 |
| 24 | 56,768.37 | 1,124,847.21 | 1,068,078.83 | 0.1015 | 108,437.34 | 5,881,319.77 |
| 25 | 57,903.74 | 1,136,011.32 | 1,078,107.57 | 0.0923 | 99,505.01 | 5,851,913.17 |
4. Sensitivity (model assumption — illustrative; rerun the scenario model with site inputs before award)
Cells below are illustrative flexes around the COMPUTED base case. They are model assumptions, not computed re-runs.
| Scenario | Note | Direction |
|---|---|---|
| Low self-share (night ops) | Self-use benefit drops materially; storage / shift redesign required | Likely No-go without upside |
| Stress (high CAPEX + low tariff + low yield) | Compounded downside | No-go without structural mitigations |
| High WACC | Discounted payback extends but IRR stays above WACC | Conditional go (phased build) |
| High tariff / high yield | Benefit widens | Strong go |
5. Verdict by scenario
- Base (as COMPUTED): Proceed. NPV = USD 6,352,939.20; IRR 43.11 %; simple payback 2.36 yr; discounted payback 2.82 yr; LCOE USD 0.0419/kWh.
- Low self-share (night ops): No-go without structural mitigation (storage, demand response, or PPA).
- Stress (high CAPEX + low tariff + low yield): No-go without structural mitigation.
- High WACC: Conditional go (phased build).
6. Standards / cert posture
No specific certified model is being claimed on this page. Cert posture is project-specific and must be re-confirmed at RFQ against the awarded SKU datasheet and EPC QA plan.
| Item | Standard (designation + edition) | Issuer | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| PV module safety qualification | IEC 61730-1:2016 / IEC 61730-2:2016 | IEC | Per awarded module datasheet; US counterpart UL 61730-1 — UL 61730-1 product page |
| PV module design qualification | IEC 61215 series (terrestrial crystalline Si PV modules — verify edition per awarded SKU) | IEC | Per awarded module datasheet; cite full designation IEC 61215-1:2021 + parts in procurement docs |
| Inverter safety | IEC 62109-1:2010 / IEC 62109-2:2011 (verify current edition at RFQ) | IEC | Per awarded inverter datasheet |
| PV system design / commissioning | IEC 62548:2016 ; IEC 62446-1:2016 / IEC 62446-3:2017 | IEC | Country grid code overlay applies |
| Cross-reference catalogue | IEC Webstore | IEC | https://webstore.iec.ch/ — cite full designation IEC NNNN:YYYY + edition in procurement docs |
7. HS / customs lookup (DUTY RATE PENDING)
TradVolt does not assert any duty rate as fact. Final classification and rate must be confirmed by a licensed customs broker in the destination country, using the official lookup below. Each row is marked DUTY RATE PENDING — confirm via the named lookup path.
| Component | HS heading (illustrative) | Named lookup path | Action |
|---|---|---|---|
| Crystalline silicon PV modules | 8541.43 | DUTY RATE PENDING — confirm via USITC HTS ; EU TARIC consultation ; UK Global Tariff | Confirm against destination tariff schedule |
| PV inverters | 8504.40 | DUTY RATE PENDING — confirm via USITC HTS ; EU TARIC consultation ; UK Global Tariff | Confirm |
| Mounting structures (steel/aluminum) | 7308.90 / 7610.90 | DUTY RATE PENDING — confirm via USITC HTS ; EU TARIC consultation ; UK Global Tariff | Confirm |
| Other jurisdictions (reference) | — | DUTY RATE PENDING — confirm via Japan Customs ; Australian Border Force ; SARS ; Ghana Revenue Authority ; Uganda Revenue Authority | Use country authority directly |
8. Sources
Every numerical claim above is supported by the COMPUTED TABLES (Section 3) or by the bounded input rows (Section 2). Narrative references below support the methodology envelope, not specific cost numbers.
| Claim | Citation | URL | Class |
|---|---|---|---|
| All financial figures (NPV, IRR, payback, LCOE, cash flows) | TradVolt scenario TCO model, output 2026-01-15 | Internal (Section 3 tables) | computed — model output |
| Downloadable artefact — assumptions + cash-flow sheet (CSV) | TradVolt assets — TCO assumption + cash-flow CSV for this scenario | https://tradvolt.com/assets/tco-assumptions-freight-hub-4mwp-latam-r9.csv | Site asset — model output mirror |
| Equipment families (module / inverter / mounting) — SKU-independent envelope | OEM product pages (JinkoSolar, LONGi, Trina, Sungrow, Huawei, Growatt, K2 Systems) | https://www.jinkosolar.com/en/ ; https://www.longi.com/en/ ; https://www.trinasolar.com/us-en ; https://www.sungrowpower.com/en ; https://solar.huawei.com/en ; https://www.growatt.com/ ; https://k2-systems.com/en/ | OEM (lookup) |
| Methodology envelope (cost categories, horizon, discount-rate concept) — LCOE benchmarking | IRENA, "Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2023" (public PDF) | IRENA — Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2023 | Methodology reference (public PDF) |
| Methodology envelope (market / policy context) — solar PV market trends | IEA PVPS, "Trends in PV Applications 2024" | IEA-PVPS Trends in PV Applications 2024 | Methodology reference (public PDF) |
| Year-1 generation methodology envelope | EU JRC PVGIS (SARAH2 dataset) | EU PVGIS photovoltaic calculator | Methodology reference (public tool) |
| PV cost benchmark envelope (UK C&I EPC £/kW) | UK DESNZ solar PV cost data | UK DESNZ solar PV cost data | Methodology reference (public) |
| HS / duty lookup — EU | European Commission TARIC consultation | https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/dds2/taric/taric_consultation.jsp?Lang=en | Regulator lookup |
| HS / duty lookup — US | USITC HTS | https://hts.usitc.gov/ | Regulator lookup |
| HS / duty lookup — UK | UK Global Tariff | https://www.trade-tariff.service.gov.uk/ | Regulator lookup |
| HS nomenclature framework | WCO HS Nomenclature 2022 edition | WCO HS Nomenclature 2022 edition | Regulator lookup |
| HS / duty lookup — JP / AU / ZA / GH / UG | Country customs authorities | https://www.customs.go.jp/english/ ; https://www.abf.gov.au/ ; https://www.sars.gov.za/ ; https://gra.gov.gh/ ; https://www.ura.go.ug/ | Regulator lookup |
| Incoterms (for landed-cost framing) | ICC Incoterms 2020 | https://iccwbo.org/business-solutions/incoterms-rules/incoterms-2020/ | Standard |
| Freight forwarding documents (FIATA) | FIATA | https://fiata.org/ | Reference |
| Wood packaging (ISPM 15) | IPPC ISPM standards list | https://www.ippc.int/en/core-activities/standards-setting/ispms/ | Standard |
| Air freight (dangerous goods) | IATA DGR | https://www.iata.org/en/programs/cargo/dgr/ | Reference |
| Lithium battery provisions (any future paired BESS) | UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.7 (UN 38.3) | https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/un-manual-tests-and-criteria | Standard (UN) |
| EU Battery Regulation (any future paired BESS) | Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1542/oj | Regulation |
| EV charging reference (not in scope; cross-link) | IEC 61851-1:2017 | https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/33644 | Standard (IEC) |
| Stationary battery reference (not in scope; cross-link) | UL 1973 | https://www.shopulstandards.com/ProductDetail.aspx?productid=UL1973 | Standard (UL) |
| Module safety (US counterpart) | UL 61730-1 | https://www.shopulstandards.com/ProductDetail.aspx?productId=UL61730-1 | Standard (UL) |
| US customs (landing) | US CBP | https://www.cbp.gov/ | Regulator |
| US trade assistance | US International Trade Administration | https://www.trade.gov/ | Regulator |
| RFQ channel | TradVolt RFQ | https://tradvolt.com/rfq/ | Site path |
Downloads
- Download TCO assumption + cash-flow sheet (CSV) — mirrors the inputs in Section 2 and the COMPUTED TABLES in Section 3 for offline review.
Next steps
Submit an RFQ to receive an EPC-priced CAPEX line, a site-specific yield and tariff band, and confirmed SKU datasheets (module / inverter / mounting) with the OEM manual title + revision required to instantiate torque / voltage / SOC limits for your hub.
Request a formal RFQ: Submit RFQ for the 4 MWp LATAM freight-hub package
This page is procurement scoping, not investment advice. Financial figures are computed outputs of the scenario TCO model dated 2026-01-15 (Section 3). The COMPUTED TABLES are SKU-independent — no specific OEM model, OEM manual title, or OEM manual revision governs the TCO; torque / voltage / SOC limits are NOT ASSERTED on this page. Items in Section 2 marked "model assumption" are bounded inputs the draft did not state and are not OEM- or regulator-published facts. Export tariff per kWh is assumed ZERO-AS-MISSING (no export credit modelled). No duty rate, certification number, or supplier endorsement is asserted; Section 7 HS rows are marked DUTY RATE PENDING with explicit named lookup paths.