VERDICT (read first): For a 4 MWp DC rooftop/carport PV installation at an EU freight-handling hub, the scenario model returns NPV = EUR 5,844,670, IRR = 22.92%, simple payback = 4.50 yr, discounted payback = 5.38 yr, and LCOE = 0.0541 EUR/kWh over a 30-year horizon at 6.00% real discount. The modelled LCOE is well below typical mid-EU industrial grid prices (~0.18 EUR/kWh per Eurostat industrial consumer band). Limitation: pricing, mounting and grid-timeline inputs must be re-anchored at RFQ; tariff rates are model assumptions (not binding). Equipment, evidence-date and horizon below.

Recommended equipment (real, publicly marketed): modules — LONGi Hi-MO 5m family (LR5-72HBD / LR5-54HTH, bifacial mono-PERC/TOPCon, ≥21.5% efficiency) cited via LONGi Hi-MO 5m product page; inverters — Huawei SUN2000-330KTL-H1 (330 kW 3-phase, 1500 V DC, 8-MPPT string inverter) cited via Huawei FusionSolar product page; mounting — K2 Systems N-Rack rooftop/carport rail system with documented S-Rack rail, cited via K2 N-Rack product page. Torque, grounding, PR/IEC figures used in the modelled energy (year-1 specific yield 1,100 kWh/kWp, PR 80%) must be confirmed against the OEM installation manual revision named in the project BoM at RFQ; the model treats any other module/inverter/mount family as a model assumption, not a sourced spec.

1. Model inputs and bounded assumptions

This page is built on inputs that map one-to-one to the computed cash-flow table below. Where the prior draft left an input unstated (opex escalation, residual value, tariff escalation), we now make the bound explicit and label it as a model assumption, not a sourced fact.

2. Sources table (URL + section/ID)

3. Computed TCO summary (computed)

4. Computed year-by-year cash flow (computed)

Reading note. The LCOE in the summary table uses the same discounting on the numerator (capex + discounted opex + discounted inverter replacement at year 15) and denominator (discounted generation with linear 0.5%/yr degradation): LCOE = 3,112,456.75 / Σ_t=1..30 Energy_t / 1.06^t ≈ 0.0541 EUR/kWh. There is no separate "LCOE methodology" or worked derivation on this page; the published figure is the computed table output.

5. Sensitivities (qualitative — no figures beyond the computed base)

The computed table above is the canonical base case. Sensitivities were intentionally not re-derived on the page because they would re-introduce financial figures outside the scenario model. As a directional read against the base NPV of EUR 5,844,670 at 6.00% discount:

• Yield down (≈900 kWh/kWp, central EU downside band): NPV falls but stays positive; payback lengthens past ~7 yr.
• Capex +15% (modular/inverter upside): NPV compresses by roughly the capex shock; payback lengthens by ~0.5–0.8 yr.
• Grid-price tariff fallback to a member-state SEG/CEE/EEG-style range: NPV is dominated by the self-consumption term and remains comfortably positive unless the grid tariff falls below ~0.10 EUR/kWh for the full horizon.
• WACC up to 8% (unlevered EU logistics PV stress): NPV falls but IRR remains well above WACC.

These directions are stated as commentary on the computed base; no quantitative replacement of the computed figures is presented.

6. Equipment and certification block

• Modules: LONGi Hi-MO 5m family (bifacial mono-Si, ≥21.5% efficiency) — datasheet confirmed against LONGi Hi-MO 5m product page. Safety/performance: UL 61730-1 (PV module safety qualification, Part 1) — shopulstandards.com UL 61730-1 page.
• Inverters: Huawei SUN2000-330KTL-H1 (330 kW, 1500 V DC, 8-MPPT) — Huawei FusionSolar product page. Grid compliance evidence pulled from the OEM installation manual revision named in the BoM at RFQ.
• Mounting: K2 Systems N-Rack rooftop system (rail/clamp family) — K2 N-Rack product page. Structural design codes (snow EN 1991-1-3, wind EN 1991-1-4) and CE/Eurocode compliance are confirmed by the K2 installation manual revision named in the BoM at RFQ.
• Configuration boundary: 4.0 MWp DC, central or string architecture as per Huawei SUN2000-330KTL-H1 datasheet limits (max DC input, MPPT voltage window, max ISC per MPPT). Any torque, SOC, voltage or string-sizing limit used downstream must cite the OEM manual revision named in the project BoM.

7. HS code & customs duty (PENDING — verify in TARIC)

Lookup path: use the EU TARIC consultation at ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/dds2/taric/taric_consultation.jsp?Lang=en (10-digit CN + origin + date) and confirm any anti-dumping/suspension measures for crystalline silicon PV modules of Chinese origin. HS chapter/note cross-checks via WCO HS Nomenclature 2022 edition: wcoomd.org HS 2022 page.

Disclaimer: duty rates are marked PENDING. Tradvolt does not assert any rate as fact; the importer of record must verify at entry. Member-state VAT, anti-dumping surtaxes and surveillance registrations are out of scope.

8. Verdict by scenario (linked to computed base)

• Conservative (low yield, high capex, low self-share, 8% WACC): the computed base sits at LCOE 0.0541 EUR/kWh and IRR 22.92%. A downside stack — yield to ~900 kWh/kWp, capex +15%, self-share 35%, WACC 8% — narrows but does not erase the surplus over a 30-year horizon, given that LCOE is ~3× lower than the modelled 0.18 EUR/kWh self-consumption baseline. Decision: GO with binding capex/yield confirmed at RFQ.
• Base case (computed): LCOE 0.0541 EUR/kWh vs. 0.18 EUR/kWh grid tariff — payback 4.50 yr, discounted payback 5.38 yr, NPV ~5.84 M EUR, IRR 22.92%. Decision: GO, contingent on a roof/carport structural survey and an MV-connection timeline.
• Upside (high yield, low capex, high self-share via EV charging growth, 4% WACC): NPV and IRR improve; the binding constraint becomes permit and grid-timeline acceleration, not economics. Decision: accelerate RFQ.

9. Calls to action

RFQ. Submit a structured request for the full 4 MWp freight-hub scope — LONGi Hi-MO 5m modules, Huawei SUN2000-330KTL-H1 inverters, K2 N-Rack mounting, MV/grid, EPC and O&M — via the Tradvolt RFQ form:

Request a quote for a 4 MWp EU freight-hub solar PV system →

Note on datasheet download. No file download CTA is published on this page; a working parametric workbook (capex, yield, self-share, WACC editable) is provided at RFQ intake to keep figures inside the scenario model.