Use Case & TCO: 700 kWp Depot Rooftop Solar — Port of Sea
Verdict (25-year horizon, 6.00% real discount rate, base scenario, computed by scenario model, evidence date 2025-01-15): NPV = 1,046,557.82 EUR; IRR = 22.28%; simple payback = 4.34 years; discounted payback = 5.19 years; LCOE = 0.0762 EUR/kWh. Equipment: 700 kWp rooftop PV (LONGi Hi-MO 6 Explorer LR5-72HGD-550M / Jinko Tiger Neo JKM-N-72HL4R-V modules; Huawei SUN2000-330KTL or Sungrow SG250HX string inverters). Location: sea port logistics depot (N-EU coastal climate). Limitation: result is sensitive to the export-tariff and residual-value assumptions flagged below; financial figures below are the computed base case against the computed Year-1 energy of 805,000 kWh.
Generation falls materially; recompute before procurement.
CapEx overshoot 10% (935 EUR/kWp)
CONDITIONAL
Worsens NPV but base case retains headroom; rerun scenario model before RFQ.
1. Use Case Definition
The depot operates roughly 16 hours per day, with peak throughput during morning shift container handling and afternoon sortation. Daytime loads (lighting, conveyors, reefers, charging MHE) are partially met by the grid; a rooftop PV system directly offsets kWh imports and reduces exposure to grid tariff volatility. Roof area assumed available: ~3,900 m² (orientation primarily south-east, 10° pitch, low shadowing from adjacent stacks). Self-consumption share is high because the depot never sleeps fully — refrigeration, security, and IT loads continue at night.
2. Equipment Scope & Named OEM Models
Reference BoS for a commercial rooftop of this size (indicative; final selection by EPC; named models confirmed publicly marketed):
PV modules: Tier-1 monocrystalline, 550 Wp class — LONGi Hi-MO 6 Explorer LR5-72HGD-550M family. OEM datasheet: https://www.longi.com/en/products/modules/hi-mo-6-explorer/lr5-72hgd-550m/. Alternate: Jinko Tiger Neo JKM-N-72HL4R-V (550 Wp class). OEM datasheet: https://www.jinkosolar.com/en/module/jkm-n-72hl4r-v.html. Design qualification basis: IEC 61215:2021 (crystalline-silicon PV modules — design qualification and type approval). No certificate copy on file on this page; consult OEM datasheet for the specific certificate number and notified-body issuer.
Mounting: K2 Systems aluminium roof racking (rail + clamp); structural design follows Eurocode EN 1991-1-3 (snow) and EN 1991-1-4 (wind). OEM landing: https://k2-systems.com/en/. No manual revision copy on file on this page; confirm rail/kit model and manual revision at RFQ.
Scenario model input (matches computed cash-flow table)
Insurance
0.25 % of CapEx/yr
EUR/yr
MODEL ASSUMPTION (bounded 0.20–0.40%) — typical PV asset-all-risk band for European commercial rooftop; no specific insurer quote on file
Inverter replacement reserve
90,000 once
EUR, year 12
Scenario model input; sized from Huawei SUN2000-330KTL list pricing (OEM datasheet); reserve applied at year 12
Degradation
0.5%/yr linear after year 1
—
IEC 61215:2021 manufacturer-warrant basis; computed Year-1 energy = 805,000 kWh; subsequent years apply 0.5%/yr linear degradation from Year 2 onwards
Discount rate
6.00
% real
Editorial — corporate hurdle rate for capex, sea-port sector
Analysis horizon
25
years
EU PV lifetime norm
Tariff inflation (real)
0.0
%/yr
Conservative base case; sensitised at ±2%/yr
residual_value.amount (assumption)
0.00
EUR
MODEL ASSUMPTION (bounded 0–10% of CapEx) — no salvage modelled
residual_value.year (assumption)
25
year
MODEL ASSUMPTION
Model assumptions (not externally sourced): residual_value.amount = 0.00 EUR (bounded 0–10% of CapEx); residual_value.year = 25; asset.pv.export_tariff_per_kwh = 0.00 (bounded 0.00–0.10). All NPV figures below are discounted at 6.00% real. Payback is reported both simple and discounted. Year-1 energy = 805,000 kWh per the scenario model; subsequent years apply a 0.5%/yr linear degradation from Year 2 onwards.
4. Computed Results (scenario model — computed)
TCO summary
Metric
Value
Currency
EUR
Horizon (years)
25
Discount rate
6.00 %
Total undiscounted cost (EUR)
900,700.00
Total discounted cost / PV of costs (EUR)
750,022.04
Total undiscounted benefit (EUR)
3,462,559.97
Total discounted benefit (EUR)
1,796,579.86
NPV (EUR)
1,046,557.82
IRR
0.2228
Simple payback (year)
4.34
Discounted payback (year)
5.19
LCOE (EUR/kWh)
0.0762
Year-by-year cash flow
Year
Cost (EUR)
Benefit (EUR)
Net (EUR)
Discount factor
Discounted net (EUR)
Energy (kWh)
0
595,000.00
0.0000
-595,000.00
1.00
-595,000.00
0.0000
1
8,628.00
146,993.00
138,365.00
0.9434
130,533.02
805,000.00
2
8,628.00
146,258.04
137,630.04
0.8900
122,490.24
800,975.00
3
8,628.00
145,526.74
136,898.74
0.8396
114,942.83
796,970.12
4
8,628.00
144,799.11
136,171.11
0.7921
107,860.27
792,985.27
5
8,628.00
144,075.12
135,447.12
0.7473
101,213.96
789,020.35
6
8,628.00
143,354.74
134,726.74
0.7050
94,977.04
785,075.25
7
8,628.00
142,637.97
134,009.97
0.6651
89,124.28
781,149.87
8
8,628.00
141,924.78
133,296.78
0.6274
83,632.05
777,244.12
9
8,628.00
141,215.15
132,587.15
0.5919
78,478.13
773,357.90
10
8,628.00
140,509.08
131,881.08
0.5584
73,641.70
769,491.11
11
8,628.00
139,806.53
131,178.53
0.5268
69,103.21
765,643.66
12
98,628.00
139,107.50
40,479.50
0.4970
20,117.07
761,815.44
13
8,628.00
138,411.96
129,783.96
0.4688
60,847.79
758,006.36
14
8,628.00
137,719.90
129,091.90
0.4423
57,097.47
754,216.33
15
8,628.00
137,031.30
128,403.30
0.4173
53,578.21
750,445.25
16
8,628.00
136,346.15
127,718.15
0.3936
50,275.77
746,693.02
17
8,628.00
135,664.41
127,036.41
0.3714
47,176.80
742,959.55
18
8,628.00
134,986.09
126,358.09
0.3503
44,268.77
739,244.76
19
8,628.00
134,311.16
125,683.16
0.3305
41,539.92
735,548.53
20
8,628.00
133,639.61
125,011.61
0.3118
38,979.21
731,870.79
21
8,628.00
132,971.41
124,343.41
0.2942
36,576.29
728,211.44
22
8,628.00
132,306.55
123,678.55
0.2775
34,321.43
724,570.38
23
8,628.00
131,645.02
123,017.02
0.2618
32,205.52
720,947.53
24
8,628.00
130,986.79
122,358.79
0.2470
30,220.00
717,342.79
25
8,628.00
130,331.86
121,703.86
0.2330
28,356.83
713,756.08
4.1 Reading the table
Costs are constant at 8,628 EUR/yr except Year 12, which carries the 90,000 EUR inverter replacement reserve plus the recurring 8,628 EUR.
Benefits decline gradually because the 0.5%/yr linear degradation is applied from Year 2 onwards; the table shows the computed schedule.
Simple payback 4.34 years; discounted payback 5.19 years — both within the 25-year horizon.
IRR = 22.28% (0.2228).
LCOE = 0.0762 EUR/kWh per the scenario model.
5. Sensitivity (illustrative — recompute against the scenario model before publishing)
Note: The cells below are NOT part of the computed output table. They are qualitative direction-of-travel against the computed base case (NPV = +1,046,558 EUR). They are not computed; rerun the scenario model with new inputs before relying on any of these for procurement.
Driver changed vs base
Direction of NPV25
Direction of payback
Export tariff raised from 0.00 to 0.05 EUR/kWh
Improves
Shortens
Residual value 10% of CapEx at year 25
Improves (adds ≈ +10,500 EUR PV)
Marginal
CapEx overshoot 10% (935 EUR/kWp)
Worsens
Lengthens
Yield 1,000 kWh/kWp
Worsens
Lengthens
Grid tariff 0.16 EUR/kWh
Worsens
Lengthens; base case NPV remains positive
6. Verdict-by-Scenario
Scenario
Verdict
Action
Base case (this model, computed)
GO
Proceed to RFQ for site-specific engineering and pricing.
Higher-yield site (1,300 kWh/kWp) at 0.22 EUR/kWh
GO
Recompute with scenario model; expect improved NPV.
Higher tariff (0.28 EUR/kWh) at base yield
GO
Recompute; sensitivity suggests further upside.
Self-consumption < 50%
CONDITIONAL
Reconsider only with storage, export tariff, or as part of a port-wide PPA.
IEC 61215:2021 — Crystalline silicon PV modules — design qualification and type approval. No certificate copy on file on this page; consult OEM datasheet (LONGi LR5-72HGD-550M / Jinko JKM-N-72HL4R-V) for the specific certificate number and notified-body issuer.
IEC 61730:2016 — Photovoltaic (PV) module safety qualification. No certificate copy on file on this page; consult OEM datasheet for the specific certificate number and notified-body issuer.
Inverter certs: Huawei SUN2000-330KTL datasheet references on the OEM product page; Sungrow SG250HX datasheet references on the OEM product page. No certificate copy on file on this page; consult OEM datasheet for the specific certificate number and notified-body issuer.
CE marking per Regulation (EC) 765/2008 (EUR-Lex, Decisions on the accreditation and market surveillance relating to the marketing of products and CE marking).
UN Manual of Tests and Criteria for lithium batteries (if storage added) — UNECE Manual of Tests and Criteria (Rev. 7, 2019, with 2023 amendments).
Origin certificate (EUR.1 / Form A) if preferential tariff applies.
HS code
Description
EU import duty (indicative)
Notes
8541.43
Photovoltaic cells assembled in modules or panels
DUTY PENDING — verify
Most common line for PV modules.
8504.40
Static converters (inverters)
DUTY PENDING — verify
For string/central inverters.
7610.90
Aluminium mounting structures
DUTY PENDING — verify
Roof-mount racking.
8544.60
Other electric conductors >1,000 V (DC cabling)
DUTY PENDING — verify
PV-rated DC cables.
How to look up the duty: Use the European Commission TARIC database at https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/dds2/taric/taric_consultation.jsp?Lang=en. Enter the HS code, choose the originating country, and inspect the duty line, anti-dumping measures, and any agricultural component. Duties vary with country of origin and trade agreement; never assert a specific rate without re-checking on the date of import. Tariff data shown above is PENDING and must be re-verified per shipment.
8. Citations Table (every numerical/regulatory claim → specific document)
Claim
Source document
URL
Specific yield (1,150 kWh/kWp/yr) — coastal N-EU commercial rooftop
Disclaimer: The TCO figures are produced by the scenario model from the inputs stated above and are computed for THIS scenario only. Sensitivity entries in §5 are illustrative and not computed. Named-source data, sensitivity bands, and HS-code entries on this page are provided for indicative engineering and procurement screening. They are not a binding quotation, not a customs ruling, and not financial advice. Always validate the duty rate, the specific yield for your exact site coordinates (rerun PVGIS-SARAH2 against your coordinates), and the applicable grid tariff with the relevant authorities before issuing a purchase order.
9. Call to Action
Submit your site coordinates, roof survey, and the applicable grid tariff to receive a re-run of the scenario model against your inputs. The computed base case above is a screening result, not a procurement recommendation.