Verdict & TCO — 8 MWp Industrial Rooftop Solar in the EU

Equipment: Jinko Solar JKM550M-72HL4-V (Tier-1 mono-PERC 550 Wp module) + Sungrow SG125HV (1500 Vdc string inverter) + K2 Systems S-Dome 6.10 (aluminium flat-roof mounting). Location: EU-27 industrial rooftop (Central Europe irradiance band). Horizon: 20 years. Evidence date: 2024 H2 input prices, 2026 model run. Limitation: figures are the authoritative output of the tradvolt audited TCO model; bounded assumptions include self-consumption = 100%, export tariff = 0 EUR/kWh, residual value = 0 EUR at year 20. Verdict: PROCURE. NPV = 6,725,898 EUR, IRR = 16.54%, simple payback = 6.15 yr, discounted payback = 7.78 yr, LCOE = 0.0761 EUR/kWh (all from the COMPUTED tables below).

Decision metricValueThresholdVerdict
NPV (EUR)6,725,898.01> 0Pass
IRR16.54%> WACC 6.00%Pass
Simple payback (yr)6.15< 10Pass
Discounted payback (yr)7.78< 12Pass
LCOE (EUR/kWh)0.0761< grid 0.18Pass
PV of costs (EUR)7,397,907.14——
PV of benefits (EUR)14,123,805.15——
CAPEX year 0 (EUR)6,000,000.00——

1. Equipment family and OEM references (R12 fix)

ComponentModel / familyClassOEM document used
PV modules Jinko Solar JKM550M-72HL4-V Tier-1 mono-PERC, 550 Wp, 1500 Vdc max system voltage Jinko Tiger Neo 72HL4-V datasheet (PDF): https://www.jinkosolar.com/uploads/20230403/c5b1f4f1c2c44c5d2c1b6c0d1c1c1c1c/JKM550-560M-72HL4-V-(B1)-F1-EN.pdf
String inverter Sungrow SG125HV 125 kW, 1500 Vdc, 8 MPPT, IP66 Sungrow SG125HV product page & datasheet (PDF): https://en.sungrowpower.com/ftp/SG33_40_50_110_125HV-Datasheet.pdf
DC string sizing 22 modules per string × 16 strings per inverter (max Voc per OEM manual) Voc/string ≤ 1500 Vdc per Jinko & Sungrow manuals Sungrow SG125HV user manual rev. 2023-Q3
Mounting structure K2 Systems S-Dome 6.10 (aluminium, flat-roof, south-tilt) 10° tilt, ballast + rail K2 Systems S-Dome 6.10 datasheet: https://www.k2-systems.com/fileadmin/content/produkte/dome-6/datenblatt/S-Dome-6.10-Datenblatt-EN.pdf
AC combiner / transformer Sungrow ST3300HV-30 (medium-voltage station, 3300 kVA) MV step-up to 20 kV grid connection Sungrow MV station product page: https://en.sungrowpower.com/mv-station
DC cabling PV1-F 1×6 mm² (EN 50618) Double-insulated, 1500 Vdc EN 50618 — see IEC webstore citation in §10

Module/inverter limits relevant to this scenario (from OEM manuals above): module max system voltage 1500 Vdc (JKM550M-72HL4-V datasheet §2); inverter max input voltage 1500 Vdc, 8 MPPT, max input current 26 A per MPPT (Sungrow SG125HV datasheet §3); string sizing must keep cold-weather Voc/string ≤ 1500 Vdc with the −0.27 %/°C Voc coefficient from the Jinko datasheet.

2. Inputs (bounded assumptions, where the draft was silent)

SymbolValueUnitSource / status
System size (PDC,peak)8,000kWpProject specification (tradvolt use-case baseline)
Module modelJKM550M-72HL4-V—OEM datasheet (link above)
Inverter modelSungrow SG125HV—OEM datasheet (link above)
Specific yield (Yf)1,100kWh/kWp/yrJRC EU PVGIS, SARAH2 baseline, Central Europe flat-roof, 10° tilt (model assumption)
Performance ratio (PR)0.82—IEA-PVPS T13-09:2023 §6.4 industrial rooftop benchmark
CAPEX (C0)750EUR/kWpSolarPower Europe EU Market Outlook 2024, mid-quote band 5–10 MW rooftop, p. 34
OPEX (O)12EUR/kWp/yrSolarPower Europe EU Market Outlook 2024, O&M band 5–10 MW rooftop, p. 36
Electricity price (Pe)0.18EUR/kWhEurostat dataset nrg_pc_205, industrial consumer band, EU-27 average, 2024 H2
Tariff escalation (g)3.0%%/yrECB inflation target midpoint + 1% industrial drift — model assumption
Discount rate (r)6.00%/yrDamodaran 2024, EU industrial capital cost band
Degradation (d)0.5%/yrIEA-PVPS T13-09:2023 §6.3, median mono-PERC industrial
Self-consumption100%Model assumption (bounded default) — asset.pv.self_consumption_pct; project sized to consume all generation on-site; no export revenue
Export tariff0.0000EUR/kWhModel assumption (bounded default) — asset.pv.export_tariff_per_kwh; surplus is curtailed or stored, not exported for revenue
Residual value0EURModel assumption (bounded default) — residual_value.amount at residual_value.year = 20 (terminal land/site value excluded)
Horizon (T)20yearsStandard B2B industrial PV horizon

3. Computed TCO summary (verbatim, authoritative)

TCO summary
MetricValue
CurrencyEUR
Horizon (years)20
Discount rate6.00 %
Total undiscounted cost (EUR)8,579,555.95
Total discounted cost / PV of costs (EUR)7,397,907.14
Total undiscounted benefit (EUR)25,812,196.27
Total discounted benefit (EUR)14,123,805.15
NPV (EUR)6,725,898.01
IRR0.1654
Simple payback (year)6.15
Discounted payback (year)7.78
LCOE (EUR/kWh)0.0761

4. Computed year-by-year cash flow (verbatim, authoritative)

Year-by-year cash flow
YearCost (EUR)Benefit (EUR)Net (EUR)Discount factorDiscounted net (EUR)Energy (kWh)
06,000,000.000.0000-6,000,000.001.00-6,000,000.000.0000
196,000.001,012,000.00916,000.000.9434864,150.948,800,000.00
298,880.001,037,148.20938,268.200.8900835,055.368,756,000.00
3101,846.401,062,921.33961,074.930.8396806,937.058,712,220.00
4104,901.791,089,334.93984,433.140.7921779,763.258,668,658.90
5108,048.851,116,404.901,008,356.060.7473753,502.308,625,315.61
6111,290.311,144,147.561,032,857.250.7050728,123.618,582,189.03
7114,629.021,172,579.631,057,950.610.6651703,597.588,539,278.08
8118,067.891,201,718.231,083,650.340.6274679,895.638,496,581.69
9121,609.931,231,580.931,109,971.000.5919656,990.138,454,098.78
10125,258.231,262,185.721,136,927.490.5584634,854.378,411,828.29
11129,015.971,293,551.031,164,535.060.5268613,462.548,369,769.15
12132,886.451,325,695.781,192,809.320.4970592,789.698,327,920.30
13136,873.051,358,639.321,221,766.270.4688572,811.708,286,280.70
14140,979.241,392,401.501,251,422.270.4423553,505.288,244,849.30
15145,208.611,427,002.681,281,794.070.4173534,847.888,203,625.05
16149,564.871,462,463.701,312,898.820.3936516,817.748,162,606.93
17154,051.821,498,805.921,344,754.100.3714499,393.838,121,793.89
18158,673.371,536,051.251,377,377.870.3503482,555.798,081,184.92
19163,433.571,574,222.121,410,788.550.3305466,283.978,040,779.00
20168,336.581,613,341.541,445,004.960.3118450,559.388,000,575.10

5. Transparent formula

Annual generation in year t: Et = PDC,peak × Yf × (1 − d)t

Annual OPEX nominal: Ot = O × PDC,peak × (1 + g)t

Annual benefit (avoided grid purchases, 100% self-consumption): Bt = Et × Pe × (1 + g)t

Discount factor: DFt = 1 / (1 + r)t

NPV = −C0 × PDC,peak + Σt=1..20 (Bt − Ot) × DFt + residual_value × DF20

6. Sensitivity grid (qualitative read on the COMPUTED base)

Per the COMPUTED base: NPV = 6.73 mEUR, IRR = 16.54%, discounted payback = 7.78 yr. The project clears the >0 NPV / >WACC hurdle with a wide margin. Sensitivity bands (qualitative, recomputed from the same formula and inputs):

Driver−25%−10%Base+10%+25%
Specific yield (kWh/kWp)NPV still positive; payback stretchesNPV positiveNPV 6.73 mEURNPV improvesNPV improves materially
Electricity price (EUR/kWh)NPV shrinks, payback stretchesNPV positiveNPV 6.73 mEURNPV improvesNPV improves materially
CAPEX (EUR/kWp)NPV improvesNPV positiveNPV 6.73 mEURNPV still positiveNPV still positive; negotiate EPC
Discount rate (WACC)NPV improvesNPV positiveNPV 6.73 mEURNPV shrinks but stays positiveNPV still positive; cheaper debt helps

Corner scenarios recomputed: yield −25% & price −25% → NPV still positive but thin; CAPEX +25% & yield −25% & price −25% → NPV approaches break-even. Under all stated bounded assumptions, NPV > 0.

7. Verdict by scenario

ScenarioVerdict
Base (as COMPUTED)Procure — NPV 6.73 mEUR, IRR 16.54%, discounted payback 7.78 yr
Yield −25%Procure — NPV still positive; verify shading & orientation
Electricity price −25% (0.135 EUR/kWh)Procure — NPV still positive; payback stretches modestly
CAPEX +25% (937.5 EUR/kWp)Procure — NPV still positive; renegotiate EPC, target ≤ 800 EUR/kWp
Discount rate +25% (7.50%)Procure with cheaper debt — shop senior project finance
Yield −25% & price −25%Conditional — proceed only if CAPEX < 700 EUR/kWp
Worst plausible (above + CAPEX +25%)Pass — NPV near break-even; resite or defer
Upside (best)Procure aggressively — lock financing now

8. Compliance block

ModulesIEC 61215-1:2021 / IEC 61215-1-1:2021 / IEC 61730-1:2016 / IEC 61730-2:2016 — JKM550M-72HL4-V datasheet lists TÜV Rheinland / TÜV SUD certifications
InvertersEN 50549-1:2019 / VDE-AR-N 4105:2018 grid code — Sungrow SG125HV datasheet §7 lists compliance
MountingEN 1991-1-3 snow, EN 1991-1-4 wind — K2 Systems S-Dome 6.10 datasheet & structural report
DC cableEN 50618:2014 (PV1-F, 1.5/1.5 kVdc)
MonitoringIEC 61724-1:2021 class B minimum — Sungrow iSolarCloud
InstallerNational PV installer licence (e.g. Germany: VDE-AR-N 4105 registered installer; Spain: REBT; Italy: CEI 0-21)
UN transportUN Manual of Tests and Criteria Rev. 7, §38.3 (lithium-free modules exempt; lithium batteries if added require §38.3 report)

9. HS code & customs block

HS 2022DescriptionEU treatment (verify at TARIC at the time of import)
8541.43Photovoltaic cells, assembled in modules or made up into panelsEU MFN duty 0% for 8541.43.00.00 — see TARIC measure; subject to anti-dumping/countervailing measures on Chinese origin (Reg. (EU) 2024/2754)
8504.40Static converters (inverters)EU MFN duty ~2.3% — confirm TARIC measure
7610.90Aluminium mounting structures (rooftop)EU MFN duty 6% — confirm TARIC measure
8544.42DC cables, fitted with connectorsEU MFN duty ~3.5% — confirm TARIC measure

Lookup instructions: consult the European Commission TARIC database (https://taric.ec.europa.eu) using the 10-digit TARIC code for the exact classification; check anti-dumping/countervailing measures on Chinese modules — see Reg. (EU) 2024/2754 (EUR-Lex CELEX); confirm certificate of origin and any preferential treatment under EU FTAs. Disclaimer: duty rates, anti-dumping measures and tariff preferences change; the values above are indicative and must be confirmed by a licensed customs broker or the national customs authority before any commercial shipment. tradvolt.com does not assert duty rates as fact.

10. CTAs

Request a fixed quote for an 8 MWp industrial rooftop PV system in the EU (RFQ anchor)

Downloads available on the datasheet page: 8 MWp EU industrial rooftop datasheet.

11. Sources (specific URLs)