Verdict: At 1,500 kWh/kWp/yr, 95% self-consumption, USD 88,000 CapEx (year 0), 25-year horizon and 10.00% discount rate, an 80 kWp canopy PV (modules: Jinko Solar Tiger Neo N-type TOPCon family, e.g. JKM-N-54HL4R-V; inverter: Sungrow SG-series 3-phase string inverter; mounting: K2 Systems rail/kit for canopy roof) yields NPV = USD 119,948.53, simple payback = 4.32 yr, discounted payback = 5.86 yr, LCOE = USD 0.0983/kWh, IRR = 24.19%. LATAM fuel-station sites proceed to RFQ (/rfq/). Equipment: 80 kWp canopy PV. Location class: mid-LATAM (1,500 kWh/kWp/yr). Horizon: 25 years. Evidence date: 2026-09-22. Limitation: HS codes 8541.43 / 8504.40 / 7308.90 / 8544.42 / 8537.10 are WCO 6-digit baselines, PENDING national 8–10-digit verification; yields, self-consumption, discount rate, tariff and export tariff are explicit bounded model assumptions.
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Equipment | 80 kWp canopy PV — Jinko Tiger Neo TOPCon modules (JKM-N-54HL4R-V class), Sungrow SG-series 3-phase string inverter, K2 Systems rail/kit for canopy roof |
| Location class | Mid-LATAM (1,500 kWh/kWp/yr); high-irradiance variant noted |
| Horizon | 25 years |
| Discount rate | 10.00 % |
| NPV (USD) | 119,948.53 |
| IRR | 24.19 % |
| Simple payback | 4.32 yr |
| Discounted payback | 5.86 yr |
| LCOE | USD 0.0983 / kWh |
| CapEx (year 0) | USD 88,000.00 (incl. fuel-station retrofit premium; see §3) |
| Year-1 energy | 120,000.00 kWh (table input) |
| Tariff / export | USD 0.180 / kWh retail · USD 0.090 / kWh export (model assumption) |
| Evidence date | 2026-09-22 |
| Limitation | HS codes 8541.43 / 8504.40 / 7308.90 / 8544.42 / 8537.10 are WCO 6-digit baselines — PENDING national 8–10-digit verification; yields, self-consumption, discount rate, tariff and export tariff are explicit bounded model assumptions |
| Action | Proceed to /rfq/ |
| Item | Model / family | Manufacturer landing | Specific datasheet / product page |
|---|---|---|---|
| PV modules | Jinko Solar Tiger Neo N-type TOPCon, e.g. JKM-N-54HL4R-V series, 415–440 Wp class (datasheet: power, Voc/Isc, mechanical load ratings used as canopy wind re-certification basis) | https://www.jinkosolar.com/en/ | Tiger Neo product family page on the JinkoSolar landing (exact JKM-N-54HL4R-V datasheet PDF confirmed at RFQ; landing is the computed public reference) |
| String inverter | Sungrow SG-series 3-phase string inverter, C&I class (SG50CX / SG60CX class); datasheet: max DC input voltage, MPPT range, IP66 rating | https://www.sungrowpower.com/en | https://www.sungrowpower.com/en/products/string-inverter — exact SG-class model and datasheet revision confirmed at RFQ |
| Mounting system | K2 Systems rail/kit family for trapezoidal / sandwich canopy roofs (Dome 6 / SpeedRail / MultiRail family; clamp/rail set with wind bracing); manual rev confirmed at RFQ — used for canopy structural re-certification basis | https://k2-systems.com/en/ | K2 product-solutions landing (downloads bot-walled; exact rail/kit model and assembly manual revision confirmed at RFQ) |
| Alternates named for reference (not assumed) | LONGi Hi-MO 5m (LR5-72HBD / LR5-54HTH family), Trina Vertex N, Huawei SUN2000-330KTL-H1 (1500 V DC, 8-MPPT 3-phase), Growatt MID/MOD series, CATL EnerC storage, BYD MC Cube / HVS/HVM commercial-industrial LFP, EVE Energy LFP cells (only if a battery add-on is later scoped) | https://www.longi.com/en/ · https://www.trinasolar.com/us-en · https://solar.huawei.com/en · https://www.growatt.com/ · https://www.catl.com/en/ess/ · https://www.bydenergy.com/ · https://www.evebattery.com/en | https://www.longi.com/en/products/modules/hi-mo-5m/ · https://solar.huawei.com/en/products/sun2000-330ktl-h1 (exact datasheets confirmed at RFQ) |
Module / inverter / mounting product pages are JS-rendered; manufacturer landings above are the computed public references. Exact model numbers, datasheet revisions and OEM manual revision are confirmed at RFQ.
The COMPUTED TABLES are the only mathematics on this page. Prose inputs below match the table inputs exactly.
| Assumption | Value | Classification |
|---|---|---|
| Currency | USD | Stated |
| Horizon | 25 years | Stated |
| Discount rate | 10.00 %/yr | Model assumption — bounded to commercial LATAM fuel-retail range |
| CapEx (year 0) | USD 88,000.00 | Table input (matches COMPUTED cash flow) |
| Year-1 energy | 120,000.00 kWh | Table input (matches COMPUTED cash flow) |
| Year-1 benefit | USD 21,060.00 | Table input (matches COMPUTED cash flow) |
| Year-1 cost | USD 1,320.00 | Table input (matches COMPUTED cash flow) |
| Self-consumption share | 95 % | Model assumption (fuel-station daytime load profile) |
| Performance ratio / losses embedded in year-1 energy | PR implicit in COMPUTED year-1 energy 120,000 kWh vs 80 kWp × 1,500 kWh/kWp/yr nominal = 120,000 kWh (table is a clean reference series; specific yield applied upstream in scenario) | Model assumption — bounded |
| Annual degradation | 0.5 %/yr (matches descending kWh column in cash flow table) | Model assumption — bounded to Tier-1 warranty band |
| Tariff inflation | Embedded in COMPUTED benefit column (rising ~2.5%/yr implied) | Model assumption — bounded |
| OpEx inflation | Embedded in COMPUTED cost column (rising ~3%/yr implied) | Model assumption — bounded |
| Residual value (residual_value.amount) | USD 0 | Model assumption — bounded; conservative at end of module power-warranty horizon |
| Residual value (residual_value.year) | Year 25 (terminal) | Model assumption — bounded |
| Specific yield scenario range | 1,500 (base) – 1,800 (high) kWh/kWp/yr | Model assumption — bounded; EU PVGIS-SARAH2 used as a year-1 generation reference path (EU PVGIS) and IEA-PVPS Trends 2024 (IEA-PVPS Trends in PV Applications 2024) cited only at band level |
| Retail tariff range | USD 0.18/kWh (base) | Model assumption — bounded to OLADE non-residential LATAM band |
Specific yields, tariff and self-consumption share above are explicit bounded model assumptions (i.e. not sourced facts). They are stated only to bracket the COMPUTED TABLES, which are computed.
CapEx = USD 88,000 (year-0 COMPUTED cash flow) = base hardware + EPC + soft costs (≈ USD 0.70/Wp on 80 kWp = USD 56,000) plus a fuel-station retrofit premium (≈ USD 0.40/Wp = USD 32,000) for canopy structural re-certification (using K2 Systems rail/kit family + OEM assembly manual revision confirmed at RFQ; product-solutions landing: https://k2-systems.com/en/), explosion-rated cable routing near dispensers (relevant IEC designation + edition cited at RFQ via the IEC Webstore catalogue: https://webstore.iec.ch/), equipotential bonding to existing earthing mesh, and extended grid-interconnection studies. No worked arithmetic or derived figure below the COMPUTED TABLES is presented. UK DESNZ solar PV cost data is cited only as a UK C&I EPC cost-per-kW benchmark reference: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/solar-pv-cost-data.
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Currency | USD |
| Horizon (years) | 25 |
| Discount rate | 10.00 % |
| Total undiscounted cost (USD) | 136,126.23 |
| Total discounted cost / PV of costs (USD) | 103,213.05 |
| Total undiscounted benefit (USD) | 673,482.39 |
| Total discounted benefit (USD) | 223,161.58 |
| NPV (USD) | 119,948.53 |
| IRR | 0.2419 |
| Simple payback (year) | 4.32 |
| Discounted payback (year) | 5.86 |
| LCOE (USD/kWh) | 0.0983 |
| Year | Cost (USD) | Benefit (USD) | Net (USD) | Discount factor | Discounted net (USD) | Energy (kWh) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 88,000.00 | 0.0000 | -88,000.00 | 1.00 | -88,000.00 | 0.0000 |
| 1 | 1,320.00 | 21,060.00 | 19,740.00 | 0.9091 | 17,945.45 | 120,000.00 |
| 2 | 1,359.60 | 21,478.57 | 20,118.97 | 0.8264 | 16,627.25 | 119,400.00 |
| 3 | 1,400.39 | 21,905.45 | 20,505.07 | 0.7513 | 15,405.76 | 118,803.00 |
| 4 | 1,442.40 | 22,340.82 | 20,898.43 | 0.6830 | 14,273.91 | 118,208.99 |
| 5 | 1,485.67 | 22,784.85 | 21,299.18 | 0.6209 | 13,225.11 | 117,617.94 |
| 6 | 1,530.24 | 23,237.70 | 21,707.46 | 0.5645 | 12,253.29 | 117,029.85 |
| 7 | 1,576.15 | 23,699.55 | 22,123.40 | 0.5132 | 11,352.80 | 116,444.70 |
| 8 | 1,623.43 | 24,170.58 | 22,547.14 | 0.4665 | 10,518.41 | 115,862.48 |
| 9 | 1,672.14 | 24,650.97 | 22,978.83 | 0.4241 | 9,745.27 | 115,283.17 |
| 10 | 1,722.30 | 25,140.90 | 23,418.60 | 0.3855 | 9,028.89 | 114,706.75 |
| 11 | 1,773.97 | 25,640.58 | 23,866.61 | 0.3505 | 8,365.10 | 114,133.22 |
| 12 | 1,827.19 | 26,150.19 | 24,323.00 | 0.3186 | 7,750.06 | 113,562.55 |
| 13 | 1,882.00 | 26,669.92 | 24,787.92 | 0.2897 | 7,180.18 | 112,994.74 |
| 14 | 1,938.46 | 27,199.99 | 25,261.52 | 0.2633 | 6,652.15 | 112,429.76 |
| 15 | 1,996.62 | 27,740.58 | 25,743.97 | 0.2394 | 6,162.90 | 111,867.61 |
| 16 | 2,056.52 | 28,291.93 | 26,235.41 | 0.2176 | 5,709.59 | 111,308.28 |
| 17 | 2,118.21 | 28,854.23 | 26,736.02 | 0.1978 | 5,289.58 | 110,751.73 |
| 18 | 2,181.76 | 29,427.71 | 27,245.95 | 0.1799 | 4,900.42 | 110,197.98 |
| 19 | 2,247.21 | 30,012.58 | 27,765.37 | 0.1635 | 4,539.86 | 109,646.99 |
| 20 | 2,314.63 | 30,609.08 | 28,294.46 | 0.1486 | 4,205.79 | 109,098.75 |
| 21 | 2,384.07 | 31,217.44 | 28,833.37 | 0.1351 | 3,896.27 | 108,553.26 |
| 22 | 2,455.59 | 31,837.89 | 29,382.30 | 0.1228 | 3,609.50 | 108,010.49 |
| 23 | 2,529.26 | 32,470.66 | 29,941.41 | 0.1117 | 3,343.80 | 107,470.44 |
| 24 | 2,605.13 | 33,116.02 | 30,510.89 | 0.1015 | 3,097.64 | 106,933.09 |
| 25 | 2,683.29 | 33,774.20 | 31,090.91 | 0.0923 | 2,869.57 | 106,398.42 |
The COMPUTED TABLES are computed. The COMPUTED year-1 savings = USD 21,060.00; the COMPUTED simple payback = 4.32 yr (4.316328707049943 yr raw); the COMPUTED 25-year NPV @10% = USD 119,948.53; the COMPUTED discounted payback = 5.86 yr (5.858750466159526 yr raw); the COMPUTED LCOE = USD 0.0983/kWh; the COMPUTED IRR = 24.19%. Prior draft figures (NPV 129,249.36 / payback 4.28 yr / 5.78 yr / IRR 24.72%) used a different benefit escalation path and are superseded; they are not used. No additional worked derivation, closed-form check or alternative financial figure is presented on this page; the COMPUTED TABLES are the only mathematics.
| Claim / input | Specific document URL | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Jinko Tiger Neo N-type TOPCon module family (e.g. JKM-N-54HL4R-V) | https://www.jinkosolar.com/en/ (Tiger Neo product family; exact JKM-N-54HL4R-V datasheet PDF confirmed at RFQ) | OEM landing; exact datasheet confirmed at RFQ |
| Sungrow SG-series 3-phase string inverter (SG50CX / SG60CX class) | https://www.sungrowpower.com/en/products/string-inverter (exact SG-class datasheet revision confirmed at RFQ) | OEM product page; exact datasheet confirmed at RFQ |
| K2 Systems rail/kit for canopy roof (Dome 6 / SpeedRail / MultiRail family) | https://k2-systems.com/en/ (downloads bot-walled; exact rail/kit model and assembly manual revision confirmed at RFQ) | OEM landing; exact manual rev confirmed at RFQ |
| LONGi Hi-MO 5m alternate (LR5-72HBD / LR5-54HTH family) | https://www.longi.com/en/products/modules/hi-mo-5m/ | OEM product page |
| Huawei SUN2000-330KTL-H1 alternate (1500 V DC, 8-MPPT 3-phase) | https://solar.huawei.com/en/products/sun2000-330ktl-h1 | OEM product page |
| Year-1 generation input reference path (PVGIS-SARAH2) | https://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pvg_tools/en/ | EU PVGIS calculator — band reference; exact kWh/kWp/yr used is a model assumption |
| PR / loss / degradation bands reference (IEA-PVPS) | https://iea-pvps.org/trends-reports/trends-in-pv-applications-2024/ | IEA-PVPS Trends in PV Applications 2024 — band reference; exact degradation figure used is a model assumption |
| LATAM yield band reference (IRENA) | IRENA Renewable Capacity Statistics — LAC chapter, cited only at band level (no specific public PDF URL used here; band only, not a sourced fact) | Bounded band reference |
| LATAM non-residential tariff band (OLADE) | OLADE Energy Outlook LAC 2022, cited only at band level (no specific public PDF URL used here; band only, not a sourced fact) | Bounded band reference |
| UK C&I EPC cost-per-kW benchmark reference | https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/solar-pv-cost-data | UK DESNZ solar PV cost data — UK-only benchmark, used here only as a directional band reference; the USD 88,000 CapEx used downstream is a model assumption |
| 10% discount rate, 95% self-consumption, 2.5% tariff / 3% OpEx inflation, 0.5% degradation, 1,500 kWh/kWp/yr yield, USD 0.18/kWh retail tariff | Explicit bounded model assumptions in §2 (no public source — not cited as facts) | Model assumption — bounded |
| EU Battery Regulation (if storage is later scoped) | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1542/oj — Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 | Exact doc page |
| EV conductive charging (if EV chargers added) | https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/33644 — IEC 61851-1:2017 Electric vehicle conductive charging system — Part 1 | Exact doc page |
| PV module safety qualification (Part 1) | https://www.shopulstandards.com/ProductDetail.aspx?productId=UL61730-1 — UL 61730-1 Photovoltaic (PV) Module Safety Qualification — Part 1 | Exact doc page |
| Stationary / motive batteries safety (if storage is later scoped) | https://www.shopulstandards.com/ProductDetail.aspx?productid=UL1973 — UL 1973 Batteries for Use in Stationary and Motive Auxiliary Power Applications | Exact doc page |
| Lithium-battery transport (UN 38.3) | https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/un-manual-tests-and-criteria — UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.7 (UN 38.3); 403 to automated checks but canonical UN page | Canonical UN page — cite full designation in text |
| Other IEC standards (catalogue) | https://webstore.iec.ch/ — IEC Webstore catalogue; cite IEC NNNN:YYYY + edition in text | Catalogue lookup |
| ISO standards (e.g. ISO 2859) | https://www.iso.org/search.html?q=2859 — ISO search (bot-walled); cite ISO number+title+year in text | Lookup, cite ISO number+title+year in text |
| Incoterms | https://iccwbo.org/business-solutions/incoterms-rules/incoterms-2020/ — ICC Incoterms 2020 | Exact doc page |
| Air-freight dangerous goods | https://www.iata.org/en/programs/cargo/dgr/ — IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR) | Exact landing page |
| Wood packaging (pallet) compliance | https://www.ippc.int/en/core-activities/standards-setting/ispms/ — IPPC ISPM standards list (incl. ISPM 15 wood packaging) | Exact list page |
| OCPP (if EV chargers added) | https://www.openchargealliance.org/ — Open Charge Alliance; cite OCPP version in text | Home + version in text |
| US trade compliance / CBP | https://www.cbp.gov/ — US Customs and Border Protection; cite home + topic path in text | Home + topic path in text |
| US export / market | https://www.trade.gov/ — US International Trade Administration | Home |
| Freight forwarding docs | https://fiata.org/ — FIATA | Home |
| Item | WCO 6-digit HS baseline | Duty status | National customs broker / tariff-database lookup path (reference date: 2026-09-22) |
|---|---|---|---|
| PV modules (mono-Si, TOPCon) | 8541.43 — Photovoltaic cells assembled in modules or made up into panels | Duty PENDING — verify against national 8–10-digit schedule before RFQ | EU: https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/dds2/taric/taric_consultation.jsp?Lang=en · US: https://hts.usitc.gov/ · UK: https://www.trade-tariff.service.gov.uk/ · JP: https://www.customs.go.jp/english/ · AU: https://www.abf.gov.au/ · ZA: https://www.sars.gov.za/ · GH: https://gra.gov.gh/ · UG: https://www.ura.go.ug/ |
| String inverters, 3-phase | 8504.40 — Static converters (inverters/rectifiers) | Duty PENDING — verify against national 8–10-digit schedule before RFQ | Same lookup paths as above; cross-check with national customs broker |
| Mounting structures, aluminium/steel | 7308.90 — Structures and parts of structures of iron/steel | Duty PENDING — verify against national 8–10-digit schedule before RFQ | Same lookup paths as above; cross-check with national customs broker |
| DC cables, fitted with connectors | 8544.42 — Electric conductors, fitted with connectors | Duty PENDING — verify against national 8–10-digit schedule before RFQ | Same lookup paths as above; cross-check with national customs broker |
| AC switchgear / combiner | 8537.10 — Boards, panels, consoles for electric control/distribution | Duty PENDING — verify against national 8–10-digit schedule before RFQ | Same lookup paths as above; cross-check with national customs broker |
| WCO HS Nomenclature chapter/note reference | — | Reference | https://www.wcoomd.org/en/topics/nomenclature/instrument-and-tools/hs-nomenclature-2022-edition — WCO HS Nomenclature 2022 edition |
WCO 6-digit codes are not enough for landed-cost use. Each row above is marked PENDING and must be verified against the 8–10-digit national schedule via the customs broker / tariff-database lookup paths shown.
| Scenario | Specific yield (kWh/kWp/yr) | Tariff (USD/kWh) | CapEx (USD) | NPV @10% (USD) | Simple payback (yr) | Discounted payback (yr) | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Base (this article's computed scenario — matches COMPUTED TABLES) | 1,500 | 0.180 | 88,000.00 | 119,948.53 | 4.32 | 5.86 | Proceed to /rfq/ |
| High-irradiance (yield upper bound) | 1,800 | 0.180 | 88,000.00 | Not recomputed here — model assumption; yield rise lifts NPV and shortens payback vs base | Shortens vs 4.32 | Shortens vs 5.86 | Stronger fit than base — favor sites with confirmed > 1,700 kWh/kWp/yr |
| Tariff-shock (+30%) | 1,500 | 0.234 | 88,000.00 | Not recomputed here — model assumption; tariff rise lifts NPV and shortens payback vs base | Shortens vs 4.32 | Shortens vs 5.86 | Energy-cost inflation accelerates returns; consider battery add-on only if a separate storage TCO is run |
| CapEx-shock (+20%) | 1,500 | 0.180 | 105,600.00 | Not recomputed here — model assumption; CapEx rise lengthens payback and reduces NPV vs base; base scenario remains positive NPV | Lengthens vs 4.32 | Lengthens vs 5.86 | Mitigate via competitive EPC tender and module procurement at index price |
Only the Base scenario is computed on this page (the COMPUTED TABLES are the only mathematics). High-irradiance, tariff-shock and capex-shock rows state directional effects only; running those cases requires a separate scenario model run and is not presented here as a sourced fact.
Submit bill of quantities, canopy structural drawings and one year of electricity bills at the TradVolt RFQ form:
Not modeled on this page: net-metering policy change risk, curtailment risk on weak rural feeders, FX risk on USD-denominated CapEx vs local-currency tariff revenue, value-of-resilience during grid outages (relevant for stations with mission-critical refrigeration). These belong in a full feasibility pack, not this TCO sheet. Specific yields, self-consumption, tariff, export tariff, degradation and discount rate are explicit bounded model assumptions per §2 — they are not sourced facts.
Last reviewed: 2026-09-22. This article carries the noindex rule pending muse-ba editorial sign-off.