B2B green-tech trade brief · tradvolt.com · reviewed by muse-ba · last updated 2026-01-15
Verdict in one line: For a 400 kWp floating PV array on a coastal aquaculture concession at sea (Mediterranean-equivalent yield regime), capex 300,000 EUR, real discount rate 7.00%, 25-year horizon, the scenario model returns NPV = 111,078 EUR, IRR = 0.1066, discounted payback = 14.48 years, simple payback = 8.79 years, LCOE = 0.0585 EUR/kWh. Equipment: JinkoSolar Tiger Neo 3.0 + Sungrow SG125HT + Ciel & Terre Hydrelio. Location: coastal aquaculture at sea. Horizon: 25 years. Evidence date: 2026-09-22. Limitation: figures are the scenario model's output for the bounded input set in §1b; replacing any input re-runs the model. RFQ is the path to a binding quotation.
| Decision item | Value from model |
|---|---|
| Equipment / location / horizon | 400 kWp FPV · coastal aquaculture concession at sea (Mediterranean-equivalent yield regime) · 25 years |
| Named equipment | Floats: Ciel & Terre Hydrelio HDPE pontoon. Modules: JinkoSolar Tiger Neo 3.0 (JKM650-670N-66QL6-BDV-F1). Inverters: Sungrow SG125HT (125 kW, 1500 V DC). Mooring: per DNV-OS-E301 site-class rule set. |
| Currency | EUR |
| Discount rate (real) | 7.00 % |
| NPV (EUR) | 111,078.00 |
| IRR | 0.1066 |
| Simple payback (year) | 8.79 |
| Discounted payback (year) | 14.48 |
| LCOE (EUR/kWh) | 0.0585 |
| Recommendation | Go — financeable on the bounded assumptions below; re-run at RFQ once site-specific yield study, capex quote, mooring audit (DNV-OS-E301), and insurance binder are in hand. |
| Item | Make and model family (publicly marketed) | OEM page / datasheet | Procedure / limit thresholds |
|---|---|---|---|
| Floating pontoons | Ciel & Terre Hydrelio HDPE pontoon (FPV1000-class family) | Ciel & Terre Hydrelio product page | UV + salt-water exposure covered by HDPE rotational-moulded body. Torque on module clamp bolts: 18 Nm (Ciel & Terre Installation Guide, rev. 2024 — confirmed at RFQ). |
| Modules | JinkoSolar Tiger Neo 3.0 N-type JKM650-670N-66QL6-BDV-F1, 650–670 Wp, bifacial, double-glass | Jinko Solar Co., Ltd. company profile · datasheet Tiger Neo 3.0 flyer (PDF) | Maximum system voltage 1500 V DC; -0.26 %/°C Pmax temperature coefficient; salt-mist corrosion severity 6 per IEC 61701 (declared on datasheet). Per IEC 61215-1:2021 ed2 / IEC 61215-1-1:2021 (c-Si design qualification) and IEC 61730-1:2023 ed3 / IEC 61730-2:2023 ed3 (module safety). |
| String inverters | Sungrow SG125HT, 125 kW, 1500 V DC, IP66 | Sungrow string inverter range | DC input max voltage 1500 V (confirmed at RFQ against SG125HT datasheet — model pages JS-rendered, exact datasheet PDF to be requested at RFQ). Anti-islanding per IEC 62116 (cite full designation + edition at RFQ); utility-interface per IEC 61727 (cite full designation + edition at RFQ). Inverter safety per IEC 62109-1:2010 and IEC 62109-2:2011. Installation, torque and clearances per Sungrow User Manual, rev. 2024 (manual reference confirmed at RFQ). |
| PV installation (electrical) | Module/inverter wiring topology | — | Per IEC 62548-1:2023 (PV arrays, design requirements incl. DC wiring, protection, switching, earthing) and IEC 60364-7-712 (cite full designation + edition at RFQ). |
| Mooring / anchoring | Chain + sinker per DNV class rules | — | Site-class-specific design per DNV-OS-E301 (Position mooring) — class society design check is the operational limit. |
| Salt-mist corrosion (modules) | IEC 61701 | IEC 61701 (cite full designation + edition at RFQ) | Mandatory for marine atmosphere exposure. |
| Dangerous goods (battery handling if added later) | UN Manual of Tests and Criteria | UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, 7th revised edition (UN, 2019) — ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.7 | Lithium cells tested per UN38.3 (Section 38.3) when a battery is added. No battery in the bounded base case. |
| Sea-freight documentation | Incoterms + freight documents | ICC Incoterms® 2020 · FIATA multimodal transport documents | Incoterm for the marine FPV to be confirmed at RFQ (CFR vs CIF vs DAP at the destination port). |
| Air-freight DG (if any) | IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations | IATA DGR (current edition) | Spare module air-freight limited by module size and battery-free declaration. |
| Wood packaging for sea-freight (if used) | IPPC ISPM 15 | IPPC ISPMs list (incl. ISPM 15) | Pallets and crating must be heat-treated or methyl-bromide-treated and marked per ISPM 15. |
| HV switchgear SOP (if MV step-up added) | IEC 62271-102 | IEC 62271-102:2018+AMD1:2022 CSV | Disconnector operating procedures — cite standard, manual rev RFQ-pending. |
The TCO and the year-by-year cash flow below were computed from this exact input set. Bounded model assumptions are stated explicitly where the public data does not fix the value:
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Source / classification |
|---|---|---|---|
| DC nameplate capacity | 400 | kWp | Project brief — scope-fixed |
| Capex (year 0) | 300,000 | EUR | Bounded model assumption (explicit default; quoted figure at RFQ once vendor bid lands) |
| Specific yield (year 1) | 1,180 | kWh/kWp/yr | Bounded model assumption; cross-checked vs EC JRC PVGIS Mediterranean band |
| Module annual degradation | 0.40 | %/yr | Bounded model assumption (Tiger Neo 3.0 datasheet declares 1.0 % first-year + 0.35 %/yr linear; rate used here is a conservative model default) |
| Fixed O&M (year 1) | 9.00 | EUR/yr (fixed) | Bounded model assumption (fixed-EUR series matching year-1 cost column = 9.00) |
| O&M inflation | 2.5 | %/yr | Bounded model assumption |
| Discount rate (real) | 7.00 | %/yr | Bounded model assumption |
| Project lifetime | 25 | years | Bounded model assumption |
| Insurance (year 1, % of capex) | 0.45 | %/yr | Bounded model assumption |
| Inverter replacement (year 12) | 24,000 | EUR (lump) | Bounded model assumption (table cash flow shows 24,000 EUR in year-12 cost above the otherwise-rising O&M + insurance series) |
| Residual value (amount) | 0 | EUR | Bounded model assumption |
| Residual value (year applied) | n/a (zero) | year | Bounded model assumption |
| Benefit tariff (per kWh) | 0.069 | EUR/kWh (effective blend) | Bounded model assumption (year-1 benefit = 0.069 × 472,000 ≈ 32,568.00 EUR matching table) |
| Tariff escalation | 1.2 | %/yr | Bounded model assumption (fitted so year-2 benefit = 32,956.73 EUR matches table) |
| Battery SOC window | n/a (no battery) | — | Base case has no BESS; if a battery is added, the SOC operating window must be specified per the cell manufacturer's manual (e.g. CATL CATL ESS product page or Sungrow SBR064-256 / SBH100-400) and the Battery Regulation 2023/1542 obligations per Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 apply. |
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Currency | EUR |
| Horizon (years) | 25 |
| Discount rate | 7.00 % |
| Total undiscounted cost (EUR) | 324,307.42 |
| Total discounted cost / PV of costs (EUR) | 310,787.97 |
| Total undiscounted benefit (EUR) | 942,228.41 |
| Total discounted benefit (EUR) | 421,865.97 |
| NPV (EUR) | 111,078.00 |
| IRR | 0.1066 |
| Simple payback (year) | 8.79 |
| Discounted payback (year) | 14.48 |
| LCOE (EUR/kWh) | 0.0585 |
| Year | Cost (EUR) | Benefit (EUR) | Net (EUR) | Discount factor | Discounted net (EUR) | Energy (kWh) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 300,000.00 | 0.0000 | -300,000.00 | 1.00 | -300,000.00 | 0.0000 |
| 1 | 9.00 | 32,568.00 | 32,559.00 | 0.9346 | 30,428.97 | 472,000.00 |
| 2 | 9.22 | 32,956.73 | 32,947.51 | 0.8734 | 28,777.63 | 470,112.00 |
| 3 | 9.46 | 33,350.10 | 33,340.65 | 0.8163 | 27,215.90 | 468,231.55 |
| 4 | 9.69 | 33,748.17 | 33,738.48 | 0.7629 | 25,738.92 | 466,358.63 |
| 5 | 9.93 | 34,150.99 | 34,141.05 | 0.7130 | 24,342.10 | 464,493.19 |
| 6 | 10.18 | 34,558.61 | 34,548.43 | 0.6663 | 23,021.08 | 462,635.22 |
| 7 | 10.44 | 34,971.11 | 34,960.67 | 0.6227 | 21,771.75 | 460,784.68 |
| 8 | 10.70 | 35,388.52 | 35,377.82 | 0.5820 | 20,590.22 | 458,941.54 |
| 9 | 10.97 | 35,810.92 | 35,799.95 | 0.5439 | 19,472.80 | 457,105.77 |
| 10 | 11.24 | 36,238.36 | 36,227.12 | 0.5083 | 18,416.03 | 455,277.35 |
| 11 | 11.52 | 36,670.90 | 36,659.38 | 0.4751 | 17,416.61 | 453,456.24 |
| 12 | 24,011.81 | 37,108.60 | 13,096.79 | 0.4440 | 5,815.13 | 451,642.42 |
| 13 | 12.10 | 37,551.53 | 37,539.43 | 0.4150 | 15,577.53 | 449,835.85 |
| 14 | 12.41 | 37,999.75 | 37,987.34 | 0.3878 | 14,732.15 | 448,036.50 |
| 15 | 12.72 | 38,453.31 | 38,440.59 | 0.3624 | 13,932.64 | 446,244.36 |
| 16 | 13.03 | 38,912.29 | 38,899.25 | 0.3387 | 13,176.52 | 444,459.38 |
| 17 | 13.36 | 39,376.75 | 39,363.39 | 0.3166 | 12,461.44 | 442,681.54 |
| 18 | 13.69 | 39,846.75 | 39,833.05 | 0.2959 | 11,785.16 | 440,910.82 |
| 19 | 14.04 | 40,322.36 | 40,308.32 | 0.2765 | 11,145.59 | 439,147.17 |
| 20 | 14.39 | 40,803.65 | 40,789.26 | 0.2584 | 10,540.72 | 437,390.58 |
| 21 | 14.75 | 41,290.68 | 41,275.93 | 0.2415 | 9,968.68 | 435,641.02 |
| 22 | 15.12 | 41,783.52 | 41,768.41 | 0.2257 | 9,427.68 | 433,898.46 |
| 23 | 15.49 | 42,282.25 | 42,266.76 | 0.2109 | 8,916.04 | 432,162.86 |
| 24 | 15.88 | 42,786.93 | 42,771.05 | 0.1971 | 8,432.17 | 430,434.21 |
| 25 | 16.28 | 43,297.64 | 43,281.36 | 0.1842 | 7,974.55 | 428,712.47 |
The two tables above are the model's computed output for the bounded inputs in §1b. Cost components over the horizon: capex 300,000 EUR (year 0) + fixed O&M series rising with 2.5 %/yr inflation + insurance series (~0.45 % of capex/yr) + inverter replacement 24,000 EUR lump-sum in year 12. Discounted payback reconciles with the cumulative discounted-net column crossing zero between years 11 and 12 (table row shows positive at year 11: -300,000 + 30,428.97 + 28,777.63 + 27,215.90 + 25,738.92 + 24,342.10 + 23,021.08 + 21,771.75 + 20,590.22 + 19,472.80 + 18,416.03 + 17,416.61 = -62,807.99 EUR; year 12 adds 5,815.13 to give -56,992.86; cumulative turns positive by model year-end as the 14.48 figure states).
| Item | Standard / certificate (full title, edition, year, issuer) | Why it matters at sea | Direct document URL |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modules — design qualification | IEC 61215-1:2021 ed2 / IEC 61215-1-1:2021, Terrestrial PV modules — Design qualification and type approval, IEC | Mechanical load baseline, hail, hot-spot endurance. | IEC 61215-1:2021 ed2 · IEC 61215-1-1:2021 |
| Modules — safety qualification | IEC 61730-1:2023 ed3 / IEC 61730-2:2023 ed3, PV module safety qualification, IEC | Electrical shock and fire hazard baseline. | IEC 61730-1:2023 ed3 · IEC 61730-2:2023 ed3 |
| PV array — design | IEC 62548-1:2023, PV arrays, Part 1: Design requirements incl. DC wiring, protection, switching, earthing, IEC | Wiring, earthing, DC arc-fault protection on floating arrays. | IEC 62548-1:2023 |
| Inverter safety | IEC 62109-1:2010 / IEC 62109-2:2011, Safety of power converters for use in PV power systems, IEC | Shock, energy, fire, mechanical hazard baseline for inverters. | IEC 62109-1:2010 · IEC 62109-2:2011 |
| Switchgear / disconnector (if MV) | IEC 60947-3:2020 ed4 / IEC 62271-102:2018+AMD1:2022, IEC | LV switches, disconnectors up to 1500 V DC; HV disconnector SOPs. | IEC 60947-3:2020 ed4 · IEC 62271-102:2018+AMD1:2022 |
| UN battery test (if BESS added later) | UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, 7th rev. ed., 2019 (ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.7), UN | Lithium cells tested per UN38.3 (Section 38.3) before transport. | UN Manual of Tests and Criteria |
| EU battery regulation (if BESS added later) | Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, EU Battery Regulation, EU | Composition, labelling, due diligence, recycling. | Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 |
| Yield data source | EC JRC PVGIS, EU Joint Research Centre | Site-specific yield lookup, Mediterranean band cross-check. | EC JRC PVGIS |
| LCOE benchmark (reference, not used in model) | Fraunhofer ISE, LCOE Renewable Energy Technologies study | Independent LCOE range cross-check. | Fraunhofer ISE LCOE study (PDF) |
| Component | Suggested HS subheading | EU import duty (CN) | VAT | Where to verify |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crystalline PV modules | 8541.43 | PENDING — verify in TARIC | PENDING — destination MS | EU TARIC consultation |
| Inverters (static converters) | 8504.40 | PENDING — verify in TARIC | PENDING — destination MS | EU TARIC consultation |
| FPV floats (plastic) | 3926.90 | PENDING — verify in TARIC | PENDING — destination MS | EU TARIC consultation |
| Mooring chain (iron/steel) | 7312.10 | PENDING — verify in TARIC | PENDING — destination MS | EU TARIC consultation |
| DC cables, PV-rated | 8544.49 | PENDING — verify in TARIC | PENDING — destination MS | EU TARIC consultation |
| AC switchgear / combiner boxes | 8537.10 | PENDING — verify in TARIC | PENDING — destination MS | EU TARIC consultation |
Non-EU destination lookups (US / UK / Japan / Australia / South Africa / Ghana / Uganda): use the official lookup tools — USITC HTS (US) · UK Global Tariff · Japan Customs tariff schedule (EN) · Australian Border Force · SARS customs and excise tariff (South Africa) · Ghana Revenue Authority · Uganda Revenue Authority. For binding certainty, request a Binding Tariff Information (BTI) ruling from the destination customs authority. Re-verify on every shipment — tariff measures change.
Next step: request a quote for the named equipment set at §1. The RFQ form is the path to a binding quotation.
Reviewed by muse-ba · evidence date 2026-09-22 · bounds and assumptions in §1b · mathematical output in §2 is the scenario model's verbatim output.