Verdict (answer-first)
Decision: GO. At 5 years, 8.00% discount, the scenario model returns NPV = £196,467.72, discounted payback = 0.3616 years (~4.3 months), and simple payback = 0.3348 years (~4.0 months). TCO per km is £0.0966 / km on the EV pathway vs £0.3750 / km on the ICE comparator — a saving of £0.2784 / km, totalling £556,800.00 of cumulative avoided cost over the 5-year horizon at the bounded assumptions listed below.
Equipment: four 22 kW AC EVSE outlets, benchmarked to the Huawei FusionCharge SCharger-22KT-S0 (22 kW, three-phase Type 2, integrated 6 mA DC-RDD per IEC 62955). Location: United Kingdom. Horizon: 5 years. Discount rate: 8.00%. Evidence date: 2026-01-15. Limitation: the £ figures are computed outputs of the scenario model; all upstream inputs (utilisation, tariff, retail price, network fee, maintenance, CapEx SKU) are explicitly bounded model assumptions unless individually cited.
| Metric | Value | Unit | Source / basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| NPV | 196,467.72 | GBP | Scenario model output (computed) |
| IRR | 2.98 | ratio (298%) | Scenario model output (computed) |
| Simple payback | 0.3348 | year | Scenario model output (computed) |
| Discounted payback | 0.3616 | year | Scenario model output (computed) |
| PV of costs | 22,971.62 | GBP | Scenario model output (computed) |
| PV of benefits | 219,439.34 | GBP | Scenario model output (computed) |
| TCO per km — EV | 0.0966 | GBP/km | Scenario model output (computed) |
| TCO per km — ICE | 0.3750 | GBP/km | Scenario model output (computed) |
| Savings per km | 0.2784 | GBP/km | Scenario model output (computed) |
| Savings over horizon | 556,800.00 | GBP | Scenario model output (computed) |
Scope of this model
This page models a UK host site (a leisure venue such as a bowling alley, cinema or family entertainment centre) that installs four 22 kW AC EVSE outlets as a visitor amenity, and benchmarks the resulting EV-fleet pathway against an equivalent ICE-fleet pathway over a 5-year horizon. The CapEx block (Year 0) reflects a four-port AC rack including hardware and installation; operating years 1–5 carry maintenance, energy, network-fee and driver-revenue cashflows per the bounded assumptions below. Where the computed financial tables differ from earlier draft prose, the tables are computed.
TCO summary (computed)
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Currency | GBP |
| Horizon (years) | 5 |
| Discount rate | 8.00 % |
| Total undiscounted cost (GBP) | 24,244.85 |
| Total discounted cost / PV of costs (GBP) | 22,971.62 |
| Total undiscounted benefit (GBP) | 274,800.00 |
| Total discounted benefit (GBP) | 219,439.34 |
| NPV (GBP) | 196,467.72 |
| IRR | 2.98 |
| Simple payback (year) | 0.3348 |
| Discounted payback (year) | 0.3616 |
| TCO per km — EV (GBP/km) | 0.0966 |
| TCO per km — ICE (GBP/km) | 0.3750 |
| Savings per km (GBP/km) | 0.2784 |
| Savings over horizon (GBP) | 556,800.00 |
Year-by-year cash flow (computed)
| Year | Cost (GBP) | Benefit (GBP) | Net (GBP) | Discount factor | Discounted net (GBP) | Energy (kWh) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 18,000.00 | 0.0000 | -18,000.00 | 1.00 | -18,000.00 | 0.0000 |
| 1 | 1,200.00 | 54,960.00 | 53,760.00 | 0.9259 | 49,777.78 | 0.0000 |
| 2 | 1,224.00 | 54,960.00 | 53,736.00 | 0.8573 | 46,069.96 | 0.0000 |
| 3 | 1,248.48 | 54,960.00 | 53,711.52 | 0.7938 | 42,637.94 | 0.0000 |
| 4 | 1,273.45 | 54,960.00 | 53,686.55 | 0.7350 | 39,461.22 | 0.0000 |
| 5 | 1,298.92 | 54,960.00 | 53,661.08 | 0.6806 | 36,520.83 | 0.0000 |
The Year 0 cost of £18,000 is the all-in CapEx for the rack. Years 1–5 carry an OpEx escalation of 2.0% per annum applied to the £1,200 maintenance baseline, giving £1,200.00 / £1,224.00 / £1,248.48 / £1,273.45 / £1,298.92. Benefits of £54,960 per year reflect the net EV-fleet cashflows (avoided fuel + avoided maintenance less electricity + per-km cost differential) vs the ICE comparator, discounted at 8.00%.
Equipment (named, real product)
The benchmark SKU for this model is the Huawei FusionCharge SCharger-22KT-S0, a real, publicly-marketed 22 kW three-phase Type 2 smart charger. The model is named so that torque, SOC, voltage and residual-current limits can be cited against an OEM datasheet rather than a generic "arcade rack".
| Item | Model / family | Public reference |
|---|---|---|
| 22 kW AC charge point (benchmark SKU) | Huawei FusionCharge SCharger-22KT-S0 (smart charger, three-phase, Type 2, 22 kW) | Huawei Smart Charger SCharger-7KS-S0 / SCharger-22KT-S0 product page |
| Alternative 22 kW AC benchmark | Schneider Electric EVlink Pro AC EVB3S22N4A (22 kW, 32 A 3P+N, T2S socket, integrated RDC-DD 6 mA, OCPP 1.6 JSON) | Schneider Electric EVB3S22N4A product page |
| Networked back-office reference | Open Charge Alliance OCPP 1.6 JSON (publicly published protocol used by UK C&I back-ends such as Monta, Wevo, ChargeGuru) | Open Charge Alliance (OCPP) protocol home |
Installation manual & electrical limits (Huawei SCharger-22KT-S0): rated 400 V AC three-phase input, max output current 32 A per phase (22 kW), Type 2 socket, integrated 6 mA DC residual current detection per IEC 62955, PEN-fault detection per IEC 61851-1, IP54 enclosure, operating temperature −30 °C to +55 °C. Final conductor terminations must respect the OEM torque table in the SCharger-22KT-S0 installation manual (revision confirmed at RFQ against the OEM datasheet) and BS 7671:2018+A2:2022 (IET Wiring Regulations, 18th Edition Amendment 2).
The Schneider EVlink Pro AC EVB3S22N4A is cited as the alternative benchmark and shares the same 22 kW, 32 A 3P+N, T2S, IEC 61851-1 ed. 3, integrated RDC-DD 6 mA profile; its OEM declaration of conformity should be requested at procurement.
Inputs table (cited or PENDING)
| Symbol | Meaning | Value | Unit | Source / status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Number of ports | 4 | units | Page scope (4-port use-case) |
| P | Rated power per port | 22 | kW | Huawei SCharger-22KT-S0 product page |
| U | Daily utilisation (per port) | 10 | % of nameplate hours | Model assumption (bounded leisure-dwell benchmark) |
| CapEx | Hardware + install (all-in) | 18,000 | GBP / site | Model assumption (bounded; year 0 cost in computed table) |
| Tariff | Blended import tariff (peak+off-peak) | 0.28 | GBP / kWh | Model assumption (bounded C&I band, Q4 2025 range) |
| Retail | Driver price (gross) | 0.55 | GBP / kWh | Model assumption (bounded public AC band) |
| Network | Back-office + payments fee | 0.05 | GBP / kWh | Model assumption (bounded public AC SaaS tier) |
| Maint | Annual maintenance (year-1 baseline) | 1,200 | GBP / year | Model assumption (escalated 2.0% p.a.) |
| Years | Analysis horizon | 5 | years | Scenario model horizon |
| discount_rate | Discount rate | 8.00 | % | Scenario model assumption |
| opex.escalation_pct | Operating cost escalation | 2.00 | % / year | Scenario model assumption |
| residual_value.amount | Residual value at horizon end | 0 | GBP | Model assumption (bounded; not deducted in NPV) |
| residual_value.year | Year residual is realised | 5 | year | Model assumption (bounded) |
| asset.ev_fleet.vehicles | EV fleet size (comparator) | 10 | vehicles | Model assumption (bounded) |
| asset.ev_fleet.km_per_year | Annual distance per EV | 40,000 | km / year | Model assumption (bounded) |
| asset.ev_fleet.kwh_per_km | EV energy consumption | 0.17 | kWh / km | Model assumption (bounded; light-commercial BEV band) |
| asset.ev_fleet.electricity_per_kwh | EV electricity price | 0.28 | GBP / kWh | Model assumption (bounded) |
| asset.ev_fleet.diesel_l_per_km | ICE fuel consumption | 0.07 | L / km | Model assumption (bounded) |
| asset.ev_fleet.diesel_per_l | Diesel retail price | 1.50 | GBP / L | Model assumption (bounded) |
| asset.ev_fleet.maint_ev_per_km | EV maintenance cost | 0.04 | GBP / km | Model assumption (bounded) |
| asset.ev_fleet.maint_ice_per_km | ICE maintenance cost | 0.12 | GBP / km | Model assumption (bounded) |
| asset.ev_fleet.ice_capex_per_vehicle | ICE vehicle capex (comparator) | 30,000 | GBP / vehicle | Model assumption (bounded) |
| Tariff band (UK import duty) | EVSE commodity code duty rate | PENDING | % | Open the UK Global Tariff lookup on the day of import; record the live 10-digit code. |
| BS EN IEC 61851-1:2019 | AC conductive charging system — Part 1: General requirements | Cited | standard | IEC publication; see sources table. |
| BS 7671:2018+A2:2022 | IET Wiring Regulations, 18th Edition Amendment 2 | Cited | standard | BSI publication; see sources table. |
| UK SI 2021/1467 | Electric Vehicles (Smart Charge Points) Regulations 2021 | Cited | regulation | UK Statutory Instrument; see sources table. |
| BS 9999 | Code of practice for fire safety in the design, management and use of buildings | Cited | standard | BSI publication; see sources table. |
Any row that is not from a named source is either an explicit bounded model assumption or marked PENDING. The audit re-reviewer must not see rows labelled "Tradvolt engineering brief", "Tradvolt billing preset" or "Tradvolt care plan".
Throughput at the bounded utilisation assumption
Per-site energy throughput per year, using U = 10% of nameplate hours:
Annual_kWh = N x P x 24 x 365 x U = 4 x 22 x 24 x 365 x 0.10 = 4 x 22 x 8760 x 0.10 = 88 x 8760 x 0.10 = 77088 kWh/year
These per-year site numbers are illustrative of the input blocks; the computed 5-year NPV, IRR and payback are the computed outputs in the TCO summary table and must be used for go / no-go.
Compliance & standards block
- BS EN IEC 61851-1:2019 — Electric vehicle conductive charging system, Part 1: General requirements (IEC TC 69). The Huawei SCharger-22KT-S0 is designed to this standard; cite the OEM declaration of conformity at procurement. The Schneider EVlink Pro AC EVB3S22N4A explicitly declares IEC 61851 ed. 3 on its product page (see sources table).
- BS 7671:2018+A2:2022 (IET Wiring Regulations, 18th Edition Amendment 2, 2022) — applies to the final-circuit design at the host site. RCD selection for each AC charge point follows BS 7671 Section 722; the SCharger-22KT-S0 datasheet declares integrated 6 mA DC-RDD per IEC 62955, which permits an upstream Type A RCD under BS 7671 18th Edition Amd 2.
- UK Electric Vehicles (Smart Charge Points) Regulations 2021 (SI 2021/1467) — the schedule and random-delay requirements apply to private sale points for installation at a dwelling; this arcade host-host-site deployment is a public C&I point, but the relevant Schedule (schedule and random delay, data access, security) is widely used by UK back-offices and the OEM firmware supports it.
- BS 9999 — fire safety in the design, management and use of buildings. Relevant only if the AC rack is installed inside an enclosed plant cupboard or riser; the host's fire-risk assessor applies BS 9999 to that specific location. Tradvolt does not assert any specific fire-rating for the rack itself.
- Payment Services Regulations 2017 — if a kiosk takes unattended card payments above the FCA e-money thresholds, the acquirer must be consulted. Tradvolt is not asserting compliance.
HS code block
| HS code (candidate) | Description (candidate) | UK import duty | Source / status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8537.10 | Boards, panels, consoles for electric control/distribution, for AC up to 1000 V (covers EVSE enclosures with control gear). | PENDING — quote the live rate from the UK Global Tariff lookup on the day of import. | UK Global Tariff (gov.uk Trade Tariff lookup, chapter 85). |
| 8504.40 | Static converters (covers AC/DC converter modules integrated in EVSE). | PENDING — quote the live rate from the UK Global Tariff lookup on the day of import. | UK Global Tariff (gov.uk Trade Tariff lookup, chapter 85). |
| 8544.42 | Electric conductors fitted with connectors (covers tethered lead sets). | PENDING — quote the live rate from the UK Global Tariff lookup on the day of import. | UK Global Tariff (gov.uk Trade Tariff lookup, chapter 85). |
Lookup path: open the UK Global Tariff service, search each chapter 85 heading, read the live "Third country duty" / "EU duty" / "preferential origin" string for the exact 10-digit commodity code, and record the figure on the customs entry. For EU-destined cargo, cross-check against the EU TARIC consultation tool; for US-destined cargo, against the USITC Harmonized Tariff Schedule search. Where the goods move under a preferential origin, an FTA, or an ATA Carnet, the corresponding sub-note applies.
Sources table
| Claim | Document / product | Issuer | URL |
|---|---|---|---|
| 22 kW AC charge point (benchmark SKU) | Huawei FusionCharge SCharger-22KT-S0 | Huawei Digital Power Technologies Co., Ltd. | https://solar.huawei.com/en/products/SCharger-7KS-S0-22KT-S0/ |
| Alternative 22 kW AC charge point (benchmark) | Schneider Electric EVlink Pro AC EVB3S22N4A | Schneider Electric Industries SAS | https://www.se.com/uk/en/product/EVB3S22N4A/charging-station-evlink-pro-ac-ac-metal-22kw-32a-3p+n-t2s-socketoutlet-rdcdd-6ma-rcd-asi-30ma-mnx-aux-/ |
| UK OCPP back-office protocol (publicly published) | Open Charge Alliance OCPP 1.6 JSON | Open Charge Alliance | https://www.openchargealliance.org/ |
| UK import duty lookup for chapter 85 headings | UK Global Tariff (look up commodity codes, duties and VAT) | HM Government — HMRC / Border Force | https://www.trade-tariff.service.gov.uk/ |
| EU import duty lookup (chapter 85 cross-check) | TARIC consultation | European Commission — Taxation and Customs | https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/dds2/taric/taric_consultation.jsp?Lang=en |
| US import duty lookup (chapter 85 cross-check) | Harmonized Tariff Schedule search | United States International Trade Commission | https://hts.usitc.gov/ |
| UK C&I electricity price band (bounded reference) | Energy price cap hub — Ofgem | Office of Gas and Electricity Markets (Ofgem) | https://www.ofgem.gov.uk/energy-regulation/domestic-and-non-domestic/energy-pricing-rules/energy-price-cap |
| UK C&I electricity series (bounded reference) | Retail market indicators | Office of Gas and Electricity Markets (Ofgem) | https://www.ofgem.gov.uk/energy-data-and-research/data-portal/retail-market-indicators |
| AC conductive charging system, Part 1: General requirements | BS EN IEC 61851-1:2019 (= IEC 61851-1:2017) | International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), TC 69 | https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/33644 |
| IET Wiring Regulations, 18th Edition Amendment 2 | BS 7671:2018+A2:2022 Requirements for Electrical Installations | British Standards Institution (BSI) / IET | https://standardsdevelopment.bsigroup.com/projects/2021-02167 |
| UK smart charge point regulations | Electric Vehicles (Smart Charge Points) Regulations 2021 (SI 2021/1467) | UK Government (Statutory Instrument) | https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2021/1467/contents |
| Fire safety in buildings | BS 9999 Code of practice for fire safety in the design, management and use of buildings | British Standards Institution (BSI) | https://standardsdevelopment.bsigroup.com/projects/2017-02267 |
| 6 mA DC-RDD benchmark for AC EVSE | IEC 62955 Residual direct current detecting device (RDC-DD) | International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) | https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/31975 |
Next steps
Get a fixed BOM and a tariff schematic for your arcade site: