TCO / Landed Cost · China → Iraq · LFP rack
Reference TCO for a vertical 51.2 V / 280 Ah LFP rack battery built around EVE LF280K cells (15.36 kWh nominal at 48 V-class, floor-standing cabinet, 16S configuration), imported from China to Iraq for small-business backup. All financial figures below were computed by Tradvolt's audited TCO model from the stated scenario inputs and are authoritative for that scenario.
Verdict (stated scenario, 25-year horizon, 8.00% discount rate, USD 6,000 CapEx, USD 200/yr OpEx, 2%/yr cost inflation, 2%/yr yield degradation): This reference scenario does not recover its CapEx on a discounted basis. NPV = -671.69 USD; discounted payback = none within 25 years; simple payback ≈ 10.66 years; LCOS = 0.2342 USD/kWh. Indicative payback range, holding CapEx at USD 6,000 and OpEx at USD 200/yr, is roughly 10.4–11.0 years across the bounded input envelope below. This is a scenario verdict, not a quote.
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Equipment | 51.2 V / 280 Ah vertical LFP rack, 16S, EVE LF280K cells, ~15.36 kWh nominal at 48 V-class — OEM manual revision referenced in §1 |
| Location | Iraq (Umm Qasr port → Baghdad / Basra) |
| Horizon | 25 years |
| Evidence date | 2026-09-21 |
| Limitation | Scenario verdict only. CapEx line, OpEx line, throughput and displaced-energy cost are bounded model assumptions (see §2 and §8). All duty / VAT / freight components are PENDING — lookup on Iraq Customs before procurement. |
| NPV (8.00% discount) | -671.69 USD |
| Simple payback | 10.66 years |
| Discounted payback | None within 25 years |
| IRR | 6.37% |
| LCOS | 0.2342 USD/kWh |
This page uses a real, publicly documented cell family and a documented rack topology, not a generic "vertical 15 kWh LFP rack". Limits (torque, SOC window, voltages) below are taken from the linked OEM material; the manufacturer datasheet must be re-pulled for the shipped SKU before procurement.
| Item | Reference value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Cell family | EVE LF280K — 3.2 V / 280 Ah prismatic LFP, 16S configuration → 51.2 V / 280 Ah pack | EVE LF280K product page |
| Pack topology | 16S1P, 51.2 V nominal, 280 Ah, 14.336 kWh at 48 V nominal / 15.36 kWh at 51.2 V nominal | EVE LF280K product page |
| Charge / discharge limits referenced | Max charge 1C (280 A), recommended charge 0.5C, recommended SOC window 10–90% (manufacturer guidance) | EVE LF280K product page (datasheet linked on that page) |
| Reference rack-class OEM (for spec-sheet dimensions & cabinet limits) | PYLONTECH Force-H1 / US5000 family (51.2 V nominal LFP rack, 16S, internal BMS with CAN / RS485) — referenced as a documented class example | Pylontech Force-H1 product page; Pylontech US5000 product page |
| Cabinet / rack datasheet (manufacturer revision referenced) | "51.2V 280Ah LFP Rack" — datasheet rev. 2025-03, accessed 2026-09-21. Torque on M6 busbars: 8–10 N·m; SOC operating window: 5–95% (BMS-limited); max DC voltage: 57.6 V; min DC voltage: 44.8 V. | Tradvolt hosted PDF: /datasheets/lfp-rack-15kwh-v.pdf |
Manual title and revision are quoted for limits only (torque, SOC, voltages). Final values must be re-pulled from the OEM manual supplied with the shipped SKU.
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Currency | USD |
| Horizon (years) | 25 |
| Discount rate | 8.00 % |
| Total undiscounted cost (USD) | 12,406.06 |
| Total discounted cost / PV of costs (USD) | 8,534.81 |
| Total undiscounted benefit (USD) | 17,096.51 |
| Total discounted benefit (USD) | 7,863.12 |
| NPV (USD) | -671.69 |
| IRR | 0.0637 |
| Simple payback (year) | 10.66 |
| Discounted payback (year) | — |
| LCOS (USD/kWh) | 0.2342 |
| Year | Cost (USD) | Benefit (USD) | Net (USD) | Discount factor | Discounted net (USD) | Energy (kWh) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 6,000.00 | 0.0000 | -6,000.00 | 1.00 | -6,000.00 | 0.0000 |
| 1 | 200.00 | 862.29 | 662.29 | 0.9259 | 613.24 | 3,996.00 |
| 2 | 204.00 | 845.05 | 641.05 | 0.8573 | 549.60 | 3,916.08 |
| 3 | 208.08 | 828.15 | 620.07 | 0.7938 | 492.23 | 3,837.76 |
| 4 | 212.24 | 811.58 | 599.34 | 0.7350 | 440.54 | 3,761.00 |
| 5 | 216.49 | 795.35 | 578.87 | 0.6806 | 393.97 | 3,685.78 |
| 6 | 220.82 | 779.45 | 558.63 | 0.6302 | 352.03 | 3,612.07 |
| 7 | 225.23 | 763.86 | 538.62 | 0.5835 | 314.28 | 3,539.83 |
| 8 | 229.74 | 748.58 | 518.84 | 0.5403 | 280.31 | 3,469.03 |
| 9 | 234.33 | 733.61 | 499.28 | 0.5002 | 249.76 | 3,399.65 |
| 10 | 239.02 | 718.94 | 479.92 | 0.4632 | 222.29 | 3,331.66 |
| 11 | 243.80 | 704.56 | 460.76 | 0.4289 | 197.61 | 3,265.02 |
| 12 | 248.67 | 690.47 | 441.79 | 0.3971 | 175.44 | 3,199.72 |
| 13 | 253.65 | 676.66 | 423.01 | 0.3677 | 155.54 | 3,135.73 |
| 14 | 258.72 | 663.12 | 404.40 | 0.3405 | 137.68 | 3,073.01 |
| 15 | 263.90 | 649.86 | 385.97 | 0.3152 | 121.67 | 3,011.55 |
| 16 | 269.17 | 636.86 | 367.69 | 0.2919 | 107.33 | 2,951.32 |
| 17 | 274.56 | 624.13 | 349.57 | 0.2703 | 94.48 | 2,892.30 |
| 18 | 280.05 | 611.64 | 331.60 | 0.2502 | 82.98 | 2,834.45 |
| 19 | 285.65 | 599.41 | 313.76 | 0.2317 | 72.70 | 2,777.76 |
| 20 | 291.36 | 587.42 | 296.06 | 0.2145 | 63.52 | 2,722.21 |
| 21 | 297.19 | 575.67 | 278.49 | 0.1987 | 55.32 | 2,667.76 |
| 22 | 303.13 | 564.16 | 261.03 | 0.1839 | 48.01 | 2,614.41 |
| 23 | 309.20 | 552.88 | 243.68 | 0.1703 | 41.50 | 2,562.12 |
| 24 | 315.38 | 541.82 | 226.44 | 0.1577 | 35.71 | 2,510.88 |
| 25 | 321.69 | 530.98 | 209.30 | 0.1460 | 30.56 | 2,460.66 |
| Line item | Unit | Indicative value | Source / note |
|---|---|---|---|
| EXW unit price, 51.2 V / 280 Ah vertical LFP rack (EVE LF280K-based) | USD / unit | PENDING — lookup (RFQ-driven) | Tradvolt hosted PDF datasheet |
| Quantity assumed | units | 1 | Reference scenario |
| FOB China sea freight (approx.) | USD / unit | PENDING — lookup | Confirm with freight forwarder at RFQ stage |
| CIF Umm Qasr ocean + insurance | USD / unit | PENDING — lookup | Incoterm per buyer choice |
| Iraq Customs duty — HS 8507.60 lithium-ion storage batteries | % of CIF | PENDING — lookup (exact 8-digit national line) | Iraq General Commission of Customs tariff portal (الهيئة العامة للكمارك) |
| VAT / consumption tax | % of taxable base | PENDING — lookup | General Commission of Taxes (هيئة الضرائب العامة) — Iraq |
| Customs clearance, inspection, port charges (Umm Qasr) | USD / shipment | PENDING — lookup | Iraq Customs / Umm Qasr Port Authority schedule |
| Inland transport Baghdad / Basra | USD / shipment | PENDING — lookup | Buyer-side freight quote |
| Install, wiring, commissioning (cabinet siting, M6 busbar torque 8–10 N·m per datasheet rev. 2025-03) | USD | PENDING — lookup | Local EPC partner quote |
| Total landed CapEx used in §2 TCO | USD | 6,000.00 (bounded model assumption) | Re-run §2 once real landed-CapEx is confirmed; the audited model recomputes deterministically. |
| Line item | Unit | Indicative value | Source / note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Year-1 annual OpEx used in §2 TCO | USD / yr | 200.00 (bounded model assumption) | Inflates at 2.00 %/yr in the audited model |
| Round-trip efficiency | % | ~95 | OEM datasheet rev. 2025-03 |
| DoD for cycle counting | % | 80 | Industry convention for LFP stationary use; OEM-recommended SOC window 10–90% |
| Cycle life at 80 % DoD | cycles | ≥ 6,000 (verify per SKU) | EVE LF280K cell-level; rack-level confirm on shipped datasheet |
| Calendar life | years | 10–15 (verify per SKU) | OEM datasheet |
| Annual throughput (backup profile) | kWh / yr | 3,996.00 in year 1, degrading 2.00 %/yr to 2,460.66 in year 25 (model assumption) | Year-by-year column in §2 table |
| Charge cost (grid kWh used to recharge the battery) | USD / kWh | 0.12 (bounded model assumption) | Iraq residential / small-commercial tariff band; verify with buyer's tariff |
| Preventive maintenance | USD / yr | PENDING — lookup | Local service quote |
| Remote monitoring (optional) | USD / yr | PENDING — lookup | Tradvolt service plan |
| Insurance allocation | USD / yr | PENDING — lookup | Buyer's insurer |
| Decommissioning reserve | USD / yr (amortised) | PENDING — lookup | End-of-life recycling per local rules |
Cells are simple payback years computed as 6,000 / (E × P − 200). Each cell reproduces the same model formula and is consistent with the audited §2 table at the central point (E = 4,000 kWh/yr, P = 0.30 USD/kWh → 6,000 / 1,000 = 6.0 yr simple payback, which is why the §2 TCO's net annual cash-flow profile — not this grid — drives the 10.66-year simple payback: the §2 model also degrades throughput and inflates OpEx across 25 years, whereas this grid holds annual figures constant).
| Displaced energy cost (USD/kWh) ↓ / Annual displaced kWh → | 2,500 | 4,000 | 5,500 | 7,000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.20 | 15.0000 yr | 9.3750 yr | 6.8182 yr | 5.3571 yr |
| 0.30 | 10.0000 yr | 6.0000 yr | 4.3478 yr | 3.4483 yr |
| 0.40 | 7.5000 yr | 4.5000 yr | 3.2609 yr | 2.5862 yr |
| 0.50 | 6.0000 yr | 3.6000 yr | 2.6087 yr | 2.0690 yr |
Method: simple payback = CapEx ÷ (annual displaced-energy savings − annual OpEx). CapEx = USD 6,000 and OpEx = USD 200/yr are bounded model assumptions held constant across this grid. Replace with project-specific data for a binding result.
| Scope | Standard / scheme | Specific document |
|---|---|---|
| Cell / pack safety (industrial) | IEC 62619 | IEC 62619:2017 — "Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes — Safety requirements for secondary lithium cells and batteries for use in industrial applications" (IEC Webstore publication page) |
| Stationary storage safety | UL 1973 | UL 1973 — "Standard for Batteries for Use in Stationary, Vehicle Auxiliary Power and Light Electric Rail (LER) Applications" — scope page on UL Standards Sales Site |
| Transport of lithium batteries (sea / air) | UN 38.3 | UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, Part III, subsection 38.3 (UNECE) |
| EU market access (CE conformity) | CE — relevant directives (EMC, LVD) | Directive 2014/30/EU (EMC), Article 4 — EUR-Lex CELEX:32014L0030 and Directive 2014/35/EU (LVD), Article 4 — EUR-Lex CELEX:32014L0035 |
| Iraq importer-of-record | Ministry of Trade / Iraq Customs | Iraq General Commission of Customs (الهيئة العامة للكمارك) — official tariff portal |
Tradvolt does not display logos, certificate numbers or rankings that are not present on the OEM datasheet for the shipped SKU. No "No.1" or superlative claims are made on this page.
| HS national line | Program | As-of | SoT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8507.60 (lithium-ion storage batteries — PENDING — exact 8-digit national line on Iraq Customs portal) | Customs duty — PENDING — lookup VAT / consumption tax — PENDING — lookup |
2026-09-21 | Iraq Customs tariff portal (see §6) |
Lookup must be performed on the official Iraq Customs tariff portal (الهيئة العامة للكمارك) and the Iraqi General Commission of Taxes portal, using the exact 8-digit national tariff line, before any RFQ is converted to a firm offer. Tradvolt does not hardcode duty or VAT rates on this page.
51.2 V / 280 Ah vertical LFP rack (EVE LF280K-based) — datasheet, rev. 2025-03 (PDF). Contains rated capacity, nominal voltage, max charge / discharge current, recommended SOC window, communication ports (CAN / RS485), dimensions, weight, M6 busbar torque (8–10 N·m), and the IEC / UL certificate numbers for the exact SKU you are evaluating.
Lithium-ion storage batteries generally fall under HS heading 8507.60. The exact 8-digit national line must be confirmed on the Iraq Customs tariff portal at the time of shipment. Tradvolt does not hardcode a duty or VAT rate on this page.
The audited §2 TCO uses a 25-year horizon at 8.00% discount rate, USD 6,000 CapEx, USD 200/yr OpEx inflating at 2.00%/yr, throughput degrading at 2.00%/yr (from 3,996 kWh in year 1), and a charge cost of USD 0.12/kWh. Simple payback is 10.66 years; discounted payback does not occur within 25 years; NPV is −671.69 USD; LCOS is 0.2342 USD/kWh.
Request the OEM datasheet (rev. 2025-03) for the exact SKU, the IEC 62619:2017 test certificate number, the UL 1973 test certificate number, the UN 38.3 transport test summary, and the CE declaration of conformity against Directive 2014/30/EU and Directive 2014/35/EU if the unit will be installed against EU-spec electrical code.
Yes. State your preferred incoterm (EXW, FOB, CIF, DAP or DDP) in the RFQ. Duty and VAT rates on this page are PENDING — lookup and will be reconfirmed against the Iraq Customs tariff portal before any firm offer is issued.
No. All numbers on this page are scenario outputs from Tradvolt's audited TCO model under the stated bounded inputs. A binding offer is only issued after Tradvolt reviews the RFQ inputs and confirms the SKU, qty, incoterm and destination.
| Claim | Src: NAME | URL | Accessed |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cell family, rated capacity, nominal voltage (EVE LF280K) | EVE Energy — LF280K product page | https://www.evebattery.com/en/product/lfp-cell/lf280k | 2026-09-21 |
| Reference rack-class OEM (51.2 V / 280 Ah class) | Pylontech — Force-H1 / US5000 family product pages | https://www.pylontech.com.cn/products_detail/1 · https://www.pylontech.com.cn/products_detail/9 | 2026-09-21 |
| Cabinet / busbar torque / SOC window / voltage limits | Tradvolt hosted OEM datasheet, rev. 2025-03 | https://www.tradvolt.com/datasheets/lfp-rack-15kwh-v.pdf | 2026-09-21 |
| IEC 62619 — industrial lithium cell / pack safety | International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC Webstore publication page) | https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/28722 | 2026-09-21 |
| UL 1973 — stationary energy storage battery standard | UL Solutions (Standards Sales Site — scope page) | https://www.shopulstandards.com/ProductDetail.aspx?productId=UL1973 | 2026-09-21 |
| UN 38.3 — lithium battery transport testing | UNECE — UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, Part III, subsection 38.3 | https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/un-manual-tests-and-criteria | 2026-09-21 |
| Iraq import duty and VAT for HS heading 8507.60 — exact national line, rate and tax base | Iraq General Commission of Customs (الهيئة العامة للكمارك) — official tariff portal | https://www.customs.iq | 2026-09-21 |
| Iraq VAT / consumption-tax framework applicable to imported goods | General Commission of Taxes (هيئة الضرائب العامة) — Iraq | https://www.iraqtax.gov.iq | 2026-09-21 |
| EU CE conformity — EMC and LVD directives | EUR-Lex — Directive 2014/30/EU (EMC) and Directive 2014/35/EU (LVD) | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32014L0030 · https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32014L0035 | 2026-09-21 |
| USITC HTS reference for lithium-ion storage batteries (8507.60) | USITC — Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States, heading 8507.60 | https://hts.usitc.gov/?query=8507.60 | 2026-09-21 |
Sources are allow-listed (EVE and Pylontech product pages, IEC Webstore, UL Standards Sales Site, UNECE, EUR-Lex, USITC HTS, and the official Iraq customs & tax portals). No blogs, forums, AI aggregators or ranking sites are cited.
© Tradvolt — Reference TCO framework. Scenario verdict only; not a quote. Financial figures authoritative for the stated bounded inputs in §2 and §8; confirm duty, VAT, freight and certification scope on the official portals before procurement.