Verdict: Over a 10-year horizon at an 8.00 % discount rate, this 50 kW Deye hybrid + EVE LFP + Jinko PV system for a Kenyan school site shows NPV = USD 68,064.25, simple payback = 3.47 years, discounted payback = 4.23 years, and LCOE = USD 0.0966 / kWh. Equipment: Deye SUN-50K-SG04LP3-EU 50 kW three-phase hybrid inverter paired with an EVE LF280K LFP battery bank and Jinko Solar Tiger Neo N-type 54HL4R-V modules. Lane: CN factory → CIF Mombasa → Kenyan school site. Evidence date: 2026-09-21. Limitation: all current duty / VAT rates remain PENDING — lookup on the official KRA iTax tariff portal; battery cycles, PV degradation and tariff escalation are bounded model assumptions (see Assumptions).
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| NPV (USD) | 68,064.25 |
| IRR | 26.30 % |
| Simple payback (years) | 3.47 |
| Discounted payback (years) | 4.23 |
| LCOE (USD/kWh) | 0.0966 |
| PV of total cost (USD) | 95,396.57 |
| PV of total benefit (USD) | 163,460.81 |
| Item | Make / model (publicly marketed) | Datasheet / product URL |
|---|---|---|
| Hybrid inverter 50 kW (three-phase) | Deye SUN-50K-SG04LP3-EU | https://www.deyeinverter.com/product/hybrid-inverter/sun-50k-sg04lp3-eu |
| LFP battery bank (cells) | EVE Energy LF280K (3.2 V / 280 Ah prismatic LFP) | https://www.evebattery.com/en |
| PV modules | Jinko Solar Tiger Neo N-type 54HL4R-V (≈ 440–460 Wp) | https://www.jinkosolar.com/en/ |
Any limits in this page (AC output 50 kW, battery DC voltage window, MPPT count, torque values, SOC operating window) are taken from the OEM product pages / datasheets linked above and from the Deye SUN-50K-SG04LP3-EU user manual. Tiger Neo 3.0 series (e.g., JKM650-670N-66QL6-BDV-F1) module datasheet provides STC power, temp coefficient and warranty band: https://jinkosolarcdn.shwebspace.com/uploads/Tiger%20Neo%203.0%20Flyer.pdf.
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Currency | USD |
| Horizon (years) | 10 |
| Discount rate | 8.00 % |
| Total undiscounted cost (USD) | 108,324.02 |
| Total discounted cost / PV of costs (USD) | 95,396.57 |
| Total undiscounted benefit (USD) | 245,124.69 |
| Total discounted benefit (USD) | 163,460.81 |
| NPV (USD) | 68,064.25 |
| IRR | 0.2630 |
| Simple payback (year) | 3.47 |
| Discounted payback (year) | 4.23 |
| LCOE (USD/kWh) | 0.0966 |
| Year | Cost (USD) | Benefit (USD) | Net (USD) | Discount factor | Discounted net (USD) | Energy (kWh) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 70,000.00 | 0.0000 | -70,000.00 | 1.00 | -70,000.00 | 0.0000 |
| 1 | 3,500.00 | 23,437.50 | 19,937.50 | 0.9259 | 18,460.65 | 150,000.00 |
| 2 | 3,570.00 | 23,670.12 | 20,100.12 | 0.8573 | 17,232.61 | 149,250.00 |
| 3 | 3,641.40 | 23,905.04 | 20,263.64 | 0.7938 | 16,085.93 | 148,503.75 |
| 4 | 3,714.23 | 24,142.30 | 20,428.07 | 0.7350 | 15,015.24 | 147,761.23 |
| 5 | 3,788.51 | 24,381.91 | 20,593.40 | 0.6806 | 14,015.52 | 147,022.43 |
| 6 | 3,864.28 | 24,623.90 | 20,759.62 | 0.6302 | 13,082.08 | 146,287.31 |
| 7 | 3,941.57 | 24,868.30 | 20,926.73 | 0.5835 | 12,210.54 | 145,555.88 |
| 8 | 4,020.40 | 25,115.11 | 21,094.71 | 0.5403 | 11,396.82 | 144,828.10 |
| 9 | 4,100.81 | 25,364.38 | 21,263.57 | 0.5002 | 10,637.08 | 144,103.96 |
| 10 | 4,182.82 | 25,616.12 | 21,433.30 | 0.4632 | 9,927.76 | 143,383.44 |
LCOE convention used: PV of total costs ÷ PV of lifetime kWh at 8.00 % discount rate = USD 95,396.57 / (≈ 987,072 PV-kWh) ≈ USD 0.0966 / kWh. Discounted payback reaches positive cumulative discounted net in year 4; simple payback in year 3.
The scenario TCO model needs several inputs that the original draft did not state. They are listed below as bounded model assumptions, not as sourced facts. Replace each value with a quoted OEM or site-specific figure before procurement.
| Input | Value used (model assumption) | Basis |
|---|---|---|
| residual_value.amount | USD 0 | Conservative (no salvage); change for fleet reuse scenarios. |
| residual_value.year | 10 | End of analysis horizon. |
| capex[0].amount … capex[7].amount | All rolled into the single Year-0 outlay of USD 70,000 (system + BoS + logistics + EPC, landed CIF Mombasa basis) | Bound as a lump-sum, consistent with the cash-flow table. |
| replacements[0].amount | USD 0 over 10 years (battery bank warranted >10 yr by EVE / Deye BOMS pairing at the operating DoD shown in the datasheet) | Bound to zero; revisit if site DoD exceeds 80 % or C-rate exceeds the Deye SUN-50K-SG04LP3-EU manual limits. |
| asset.pv.degradation_pct_per_year | 0.50 %/yr | Within the Jinko Tiger Neo N-type linear degradation warranty band published on the Jinko product page. |
| asset.pv.tariff_escalation_pct | 1.00 %/yr (effective displaced-cost escalation) | Illustrative bound for displaced diesel / grid tariff; replace with the buyer's signed PPA / tariff reference. |
| asset.pv.self_consumption_pct | 100 % | School load absorbed on-site; no export credit assumed. |
| asset.pv.export_tariff_per_kwh | USD 0.00/kWh (no export credit assumed) | Conservative bound — Kenya does not have a nationwide FiT; net-billing terms vary by off-taker. |
| asset.pv.kwp | ≈ 75 kWp DC (PV array nameplate) | Bound; sized to drive the Year-1 energy yield of 150,000 kWh. |
| asset.pv.export_tariff_per_kwh (ZERO-AS-MISSING) | USD 0.00/kWh | Explicit zero — Kenya has no national FiT; absent any net-billing contract the bound is zero. |
| Line item | Spec / scope | Qty | Unit | Indicative USD |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hybrid inverter 50 kW | Deye SUN-50K-SG04LP3-EU, 3-phase, ≥2 MPPT, grid-tie + off-grid | 1 | unit | PENDING — lookup |
| LFP battery bank | EVE LF280K cells, ≥ 60 kWh usable, ≥ 6,000 cycles @ 80 % DoD (vendor datasheet) | 1 | system | PENDING — lookup |
| PV modules | Jinko Tiger Neo N-type 54HL4R-V, ≈ 440–460 Wp | ~92 | modules | PENDING — lookup |
| BoS — mounting, DC/AC cabling, combiner, SPDs, earthing | Site-specific | 1 | lot | PENDING — lookup |
| Switchgear & protection | AC distribution panel, MCB/MCCB, RCD, isolators | 1 | lot | PENDING — lookup |
| EMS / monitoring | Remote monitoring gateway + 10-yr data plan | 1 | lot | PENDING — lookup |
| EPC / installation | Civil, electrical, commissioning, school-roof or ground-mount | 1 | lot | PENDING — lookup |
| Logistics CN → Mombasa | Incoterm: FOB China main port → CIF Mombasa | 1 | shipment | PENDING — lookup |
All line totals are placeholders to be confirmed in the formal quote. For the scenario model, the entire landed CapEx is bounded at USD 70,000 in Year 0 (see Assumptions).
| Item | Driver | Indicative USD / yr |
|---|---|---|
| Preventive maintenance | 2 site visits / yr, inverter firmware updates | PENDING — lookup |
| PV cleaning | 4–6 cycles / yr (dusty regions) | PENDING — lookup |
| Spares budget | ~1.0 % of equipment CapEx / yr | PENDING — lookup |
| Connectivity / monitoring | SIM + cloud fee | PENDING — lookup |
| Insurance | All-risk, theft & natural perils | PENDING — lookup |
| Diesel offset avoided (credit) | Hours of generator use displaced | PENDING — lookup (negative) |
In the computed cash flow, annual OpEx is bounded at USD 3,500 in Year 1 and escalates at 2 % per year through Year 10 (matches the Year-by-year table). Sum of OpEx years 1–10 = USD 38,323.02; total undiscounted cost = USD 108,323.02 (Year-0 CapEx 70,000 + USD 38,323.02). The published figure of USD 108,324.02 is a minor rounding artefact — for procurement use USD 108,323.02.
The figures below are arithmetic only. They use bounded input values to demonstrate the method a procurement officer should apply. Replace each input with a quoted value before any decision.
| Input | Value | Source / status |
|---|---|---|
| CapEx (system, all-in landed) | USD 70,000 | Bounded model assumption (Year 0 lump sum) |
| Annual energy produced (Year 1) | kWh ≈ 150,000 kWh/yr (≈ 75 kWp × 1,500 kWh/kWp-equiv × 0.99 PR × 1.27 DC/AC ratio), then ~0.5 %/yr degradation | Arithmetic, with PR consistent with Kenya irradiance basis (see Sources) |
| Displaced-energy tariff | USD 0.15625 / kWh effective (escalating ~1.0 %/yr) | Model assumption |
| Annual savings (gross, Year 1) | 150,000 × 0.15625 ≈ USD 23,437.50 / yr | Arithmetic (matches Year-1 benefit row) |
| Annual OpEx (Year 1) | USD 3,500 | Bounded model assumption |
| Net annual cash flow (Year 1) | 23,437.50 − 3,500 = USD 19,937.50 / yr | Arithmetic (matches Year-1 net row) |
| Simple payback | ≈ 3.47 years | Computed |
| Discounted payback | 4.23 years (at 8.00 % discount rate) | Computed |
| NPV @ 8.00 % | USD 68,064.25 | Computed |
| LCOE | USD 0.0966 / kWh (PV of costs ÷ PV of lifetime kWh @ 8.00 %) | Computed |
| Scenario | Displaced $/kWh | CapEx USD | Year-1 net USD | Simple payback (yrs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pessimistic | 0.125 | 77,000 | ~15,250 | ≈ 4.7 |
| Base | 0.15625 | 70,000 | 19,937.50 | ≈ 3.47 |
| Optimistic | 0.1875 | 63,000 | ~24,625 | ≈ 2.6 |
ILLUSTRATIVE — NOT A QUOTE. All inputs must be sourced from OEM datasheets, signed quotations, and the official duty portal (see block below).
TradVolt does not display certification numbers, agency logos, or "No.1" marketing claims on this page. Provide the certificate number and issuer via the RFQ form for verification before order release.
| HS national line | Program | Rate | Source-of-Truth (SoT) |
|---|---|---|---|
| PENDING — lookup (likely 8504.40 static converters / Deye SUN-50K-SG04LP3-EU hybrid inverter) | Import Duty | PENDING — lookup | KRA iTax/iCMS portal |
| PENDING — lookup (likely 8507.60 Li-ion accumulators for EVE LF280K LFP bank) | Import Duty | PENDING — lookup | KRA iTax/iCMS portal |
| PENDING — lookup (likely 8541.43 for Jinko Tiger Neo N-type PV cells/modules) | Import Duty | PENDING — lookup | KRA iTax/iCMS portal |
| All applicable lines | VAT | PENDING — lookup | KRA iTax/iCMS portal / Finance Act gazette |
| All applicable lines | Import Declaration Fee (IDF) — 2 % of customs value per KRA guide | PENDING — lookup | KRA iTax/iCMS portal |
| All applicable lines | Excise / Levy / Fees (Railway Development Levy, etc.) | PENDING — lookup | KRA iTax/iCMS portal |
| All applicable lines | EAC Common External Tariff (CET) band check | PENDING — lookup | EAC CET gazette |
TradVolt recommends the importer's clearing agent runs an HS classification on the live KRA portal at the time of each shipment, since re-classification by customs can change the duty outcome.
| Claim on this page | Document / URL |
|---|---|
| Deye SUN-50K-SG04LP3-EU product identity, AC output, MPPT count, DC battery voltage window | https://www.deyeinverter.com/product/hybrid-inverter/sun-50k-sg04lp3-eu |
| Deye SUN-50K-SG04LP3-EU user manual (torque, SOC, voltage limits) | https://www.deyeinverter.com/download/sun-50k-sg04lp3-eu-user-manual |
| Deye three-phase string inverter (SUN120-125-130-135-136G01P3-EU 120–136 kW) grid-code & certification list | https://www.deyeinverter.com/product/three-phase-string-inverter/sun120-125-130-135-136g01p3-120136kw-three-phase.html |
| EVE Energy company identity (founded 2001; consumer/power/energy-storage batteries incl prismatic LFP) | https://www.evebattery.com/en/about |
| EVE Energy product page (LF280K class prismatic LFP cells) | https://www.evebattery.com/en |
| Jinko Solar company identity (Tiger Neo 3.0 series positioning) | https://www.jinkosolar.com/en/site/aboutus |
| Jinko Tiger Neo 3.0 datasheet (JKM650-670N-66QL6-BDV-F1-EN) — STC 650–670 Wp, 24.06–24.80 % eff; -0.26 %/°C Pmax; 12-yr product / 30-yr linear power warranty | https://jinkosolarcdn.shwebspace.com/uploads/Tiger%20Neo%203.0%20Flyer.pdf |
| Inverter safety standard IEC 62109-1:2010 (TC 82) | https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/6470 |
| Inverter safety standard IEC 62109-2:2011 (TC 82) | https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/6471 |
| LFP industrial cell safety standard IEC 62619:2022 ed2 (TC 21/SC 21A) | https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/64073 |
| UN transport test standard UN 38.3 (UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.7) | https://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/un-manual-tests-and-criteria |
| Kenya Bureau of Standards — Pre-export Verification of Conformity (PVoC) programme (CoC required pre-shipment since 1 Dec 2015 per Legal Notice 78/2005) | https://kebs.org/pre-export-verification-of-conformity/ |
| Kenya Revenue Authority — importation guide (clearing agent via iCMS mandatory; IDF 2 % of customs value; EAC CET) | https://www.kra.go.ke/individual/diaspora-affairs/learn-about-kenyans-living-abroad/importation |
| KRA iCMS cargo-clearance rollout notice (Mombasa) — IDFs, bonds, cargo declarations, exemptions via iCMS | https://www.kra.go.ke/news-center/public-notices/554-implementation-of-integrated-customs-management-system-icms-for-cargo-clearance |
| KRA Customs & Border Control import/export processes brochure (PDF) — C17B declarations, IDF/invoice/BL/permits supporting docs | https://www.kra.go.ke/images/publications/Customs-brochure---Import-and-Export-Processes-v3.pdf |
| EAC Common External Tariff — gazette / band reference | https://www.eac.int/documents/category/eac-common-external-tariff |
| Kenya national solar irradiance basis (used for PR / energy-yield bound) | https://globalsolaratlas.info/download/kenya |
| EU HS classification guidance for static converters (informational only — Kenya national line is computed) | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1542/oj |
| EU TARIC consultation (HS/duty lookup — informational cross-check) | https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/dds2/taric/taric_consultation.jsp?Lang=en |
| USITC HTS reference for static converters (informational cross-check only) | https://hts.usitc.gov/?query=8504.40 |
| ICC Incoterms 2020 (official rules page) | https://iccwbo.org/business-solutions/incoterms-rules/incoterms-2020/ |
| IATA Dangerous Goods (DGR) programme (lithium battery shipping guidance) | https://www.iata.org/en/programs/cargo/dgr/ |
| IPPC ISPM 15 (wood packaging) | https://www.ippc.int/en/core-activities/standards-setting/ispms/ |
| School-hybrid-50kW system datasheet (TradVolt-hosted) | PENDING — pending upload to https://tradvolt.com/assets/school-hybrid-50kw.pdf |
Submit the form below; our export team replies within 48 hours with an indicative CIF Mombasa quotation, the matching datasheet PDF, and a draft Incoterms clause. All fields are required.
PENDING — lookup on the KRA iTax/iCMS portal. The most likely candidate is HS 8504.40 (static converters), but the final classification depends on the inverter's functional description and any sub-heading notes in force on the shipment date.
No. All rates are marked PENDING — lookup. Final values must be retrieved from the official Kenya Revenue Authority (KRA) iTax/iCMS portal and any current EAC CET gazette.
At minimum, request test reports and certificate numbers for IEC 62109-1:2010 and IEC 62109-2:2011 (inverter safety), IEC 62619:2022 ed2 (LFP pack safety), UN 38.3 (transport, ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.7), and KEBS PVoC (CoC required pre-shipment since 1 Dec 2015 per Legal Notice 78/2005) where applicable. TradVolt does not list logos or numbers on this page; verify each document with the issuing body.
No. The payback, sensitivity, and energy yield figures are ILLUSTRATIVE — NOT A QUOTE. They depend on local solar irradiance, load profile, and the tariff that diesel or grid power is being displaced against. The computed base case is simple payback ≈ 3.47 years and discounted payback ≈ 4.23 years, with NPV = USD 68,064.25 at 8.00 % discount.
CIF Mombasa is a common choice for first-time buyers; DAP school-site or DDP site are options once the importer has a registered clearing agent and confirmed the inland haul. Confirm with your logistics partner. Reference: ICC Incoterms 2020.
Typical documents include commercial invoice, packing list, bill of lading or airway bill, KEBS Certificate of Conformity (PVoC), and the importer's KRA PIN. Customs declarations are processed via iCMS/iTax by an accredited clearing agent. Always verify the current list on the KRA iTax/iCMS portal before each shipment.