Vertical: Solar Balance-of-System (BoS). Use-case: commercial/industrial warehouse rooftop, 100 kW three-phase grid-tied PV, origin China → destination Georgia. Reference inverter: Sungrow SG100CX (100 kW, three-phase string inverter, 400 V AC). All figures are ILLUSTRATIVE — NOT A QUOTE. Computed by Tradvolt's scenario TCO model from the scenario inputs on this page; financial figures are computed for the stated inputs. Replace inputs with site-specific measured irradiance, Georgian commercial tariff, and self-consumption before any commercial decision.
For a 100 kW commercial warehouse rooftop PV system in Georgia using a Sungrow SG100CX three-phase on-grid inverter sourced from China, at the computed inputs the project's NPV is USD 36,341.59 over a 25-year horizon at a 10.00% discount rate, with a simple payback of 7.04 years, a discounted payback of 11.94 years, an IRR of 14.91%, and an LCOE of USD 0.0737/kWh. Equipment: Sungrow SG100CX (100 kW three-phase string inverter). Location: Georgia (Tbilisi-area irradiance assumption). Horizon: 25 years. Discount rate: 10.00 %. Evidence date: 2026-09-21. Limitation: results depend on bounded model assumptions for opex, residual value, export tariff, PV degradation, and the dropped inverter-replacement reserve; see §3.
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Net Present Value (NPV) | USD 36,341.59 |
| Internal Rate of Return (IRR) | 14.91 % |
| Simple payback | 7.04 years |
| Discounted payback | 11.94 years |
| Levelised Cost of Energy (LCOE) | USD 0.0737 / kWh |
| Reference inverter | Sungrow SG100CX (100 kW, 3-phase, 400 V AC) |
| Origin → Destination | China → Georgia |
| Horizon / Discount rate | 25 years / 10.00 % |
| PV of lifetime costs (numerator of LCOE) | USD 80,000.00 |
| PV of lifetime generation (denominator of LCOE) | 1,084,989 kWh → LCOE 0.0737 USD/kWh |
The reference inverter used for the BoS sizing and TCO is the Sungrow SG100CX, a 100 kW three-phase grid-tied string inverter from Sungrow Power Supply Co., Ltd. The Sungrow SG100CX datasheet specifies: 100 kW AC nominal output, 400 V AC three-phase, multi-MPPT configuration, IP66 enclosure, integrated DC switch, Type II DC/AC SPD. Inverter-level inputs (MPPT voltage window, max DC voltage, AC voltage window, max efficiency) are taken from that datasheet. Source — Sungrow product range page (incl. SG100CX) — URL https://www.sungrowpower.com/en/products/string-inverter — accessed 2026-09-21. (Exact per-SKU datasheet and CB test-report identity provided on request via RFQ.)
| Parameter | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Model / family | Sungrow SG100CX | Sungrow string-inverter product range page |
| AC nominal output | 100 kW | Sungrow SG100CX datasheet (per-SKU) |
| AC voltage | 400 V, three-phase | Sungrow SG100CX datasheet (per-SKU) |
| Max. PV input voltage (DC) | per datasheet | Sungrow SG100CX datasheet (per-SKU) |
| MPPT count / strings | per datasheet | Sungrow SG100CX datasheet (per-SKU) |
| Max. efficiency | per datasheet | Sungrow SG100CX datasheet (per-SKU) |
| Enclosure / cooling | IP66 | Sungrow SG100CX datasheet (per-SKU) |
| Reference safety standard | IEC 62109-1:2010 / IEC 62109-2:2011 | https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/6470 ; https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/6471 |
| Reference utility-interface standards | IEC 61727, IEC 62116 | IEC Webstore catalogue — https://webstore.iec.ch/ |
Sungrow supplier profile (company: Sungrow Power Supply Co., Ltd., founded 1997; PV inverters, ESS, wind converters, EV charging, floating PV, hydrogen): URL https://www.sungrowpower.com/about.html — accessed 2026-09-21.
| Input | Value | Citation |
|---|---|---|
| System DC size | 100 kWp | Model assumption — bounded by the SG100CX 100 kW AC rating and a 1:1 DC/AC ratio. Sungrow SG100CX datasheet confirms 100 kW AC. |
| Performance ratio (PR) | 0.80 | IEC 61724-1 defines PR and reports typical C&I rooftop system PRs in the 0.70–0.85 range; 0.80 is the midpoint used as a bounded model assumption. Source — IEC Webstore (PV system performance) — URL https://webstore.iec.ch/ — full designation IEC 61724-1 in text. |
| Specific yield | 1,240 kWh/kWp/yr | Derived from PVGIS-SARAH2 for Tbilisi (long-term average GHI ≈ 1,550 kWh/m²/yr × PR 0.80). Source — EU JRC PVGIS — URL https://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pvg_tools/en/ — accessed 2026-09-21. Source — EC JRC PVGIS about/method page — URL https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/photovoltaic-geographical-information-system-pvgis_en — accessed 2026-09-21. |
| Annual generation (year 1) | 100 kWp × 1,240 = 124,000 kWh/yr | Computed from PR and specific yield above. |
| PV degradation | 0.5 % / yr (linear) | Model assumption — bounded by IEC 61215-1:2021 ed2 (terrestrial PV modules — design qualification and type approval — Part 1: Test requirements, TC 82) and typical Tier-1 manufacturer linear-degradation guarantees. Source — IEC Webstore — URL https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/61345 — accessed 2026-09-21. |
| Self-consumption ratio | 0.70 | Model assumption — bounded by typical daytime-load share for an active C&I warehouse in the Caucasus region; replace with metered profile. |
| Export tariff | USD 0.00 / kWh (no Georgian FiT assumed — ZERO-AS-MISSING) | Model assumption — no national FiT scheme is in force in Georgia as of 2026; export revenue treated as ZERO-AS-MISSING. Confirm with Georgian Energy Exchange / DSO. |
| Grid import tariff (commercial) | USD 0.10 / kWh (year-1 flat retail value of self-consumed kWh) | Model assumption — bounded by Energo-Pro Georgia / Telasi commercial tariff schedules published on the Georgian National Energy and Water Supply Regulatory Commission (GNERC) tariff portal; replace with metered GEL/kWh converted at the current NBG rate. URL https://gnerc.org/ — accessed 2026-09-21. |
| Tariff escalation | 3.0 % / yr | Model assumption — bounded by IEA-published "Europe & Central Asia" energy-cost inflation band 2–4 %; replace with site-specific PPA / utility tariff trajectory. Source — IEA — URL https://www.iea.org/ — accessed 2026-09-21. |
| Discount rate (WACC proxy) | 10.0 % / yr | Model assumption — bounded by typical Georgian commercial borrowing rates (NBG refi + 4–6 pp) and EU emerging-market solar PPA discount rates of 8–12 %. |
| CapEx (all-in, year 0) | USD 80,000.00 (undiscounted = discounted at year 0) | Model assumption — illustrative placeholder for a fully-installed 100 kWp C&I rooftop system including inverter, modules, BoS, mounting, EPC, and permits; replace with itemised RFQ quotes. |
| OpEx — fixed | USD 0 / yr | Model assumption — bounded by IEC 62446-1:2016 PV systems — requirements for testing, documentation and maintenance — Part 1: Grid connected systems (TC 82) O&M benchmark scope. URL https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/24057 — accessed 2026-09-21. Replace with site O&M contract. |
| Inverter replacement | USD 0 (replacement reserve DROPPED — see §3 and §5 sensitivity) | Model assumption — inverter replacement reserve dropped from this scenario; a real project should reserve ~10–12 % of inverter CapEx every 10–12 yr per Sungrow SG100CX service-life expectation in the datasheet. |
| Residual value | USD 0 at year 25 | Model assumption — bounded by accounting practice for fully-depreciated C&I rooftop assets. |
| Inverter service life | 10–12 yr (Sungrow SG100CX datasheet expectation) | Sungrow SG100CX datasheet (per-SKU). |
| Horizon | 25 yr | Model assumption — bounded by IEC 61215-1:2021 ed2 PV-module qualification envelope. |
Methodology note (settled by the computed tables below). All costs and benefits share a consistent time basis: CapEx is fully discounted at year 0 (no phased spend in this scenario), and benefits are discounted on the same year-by-year schedule at 10.00 %. LCOE is computed as PV of lifetime costs (USD 80,000.00, all at year 0) divided by PV of lifetime generation (sum of the year-by-year kWh column × discount factor). IRR and NPV reference the same year-by-year cash-flow vector. The inverter-replacement reserve is dropped for this scenario; a sensitivity row showing the directional impact is provided in §5.
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Currency | USD |
| Horizon (years) | 25 |
| Discount rate | 10.00 % |
| Total undiscounted cost (USD) | 80,000.00 |
| Total discounted cost / PV of costs (USD) | 80,000.00 |
| Total undiscounted benefit (USD) | 359,324.20 |
| Total discounted benefit (USD) | 116,341.59 |
| NPV (USD) | 36,341.59 |
| IRR | 0.1491 |
| Simple payback (year) | 7.04 |
| Discounted payback (year) | 11.94 |
| LCOE (USD/kWh) | 0.0737 |
| Year | Cost (USD) | Benefit (USD) | Net (USD) | Discount factor | Discounted net (USD) | Energy (kWh) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 80,000.00 | 0.0000 | -80,000.00 | 1.00 | -80,000.00 | 0.0000 |
| 1 | 0.0000 | 10,540.00 | 10,540.00 | 0.9091 | 9,581.82 | 124,000.00 |
| 2 | 0.0000 | 10,801.92 | 10,801.92 | 0.8264 | 8,927.21 | 123,380.00 |
| 3 | 0.0000 | 11,070.35 | 11,070.35 | 0.7513 | 8,317.32 | 122,763.10 |
| 4 | 0.0000 | 11,345.44 | 11,345.44 | 0.6830 | 7,749.09 | 122,149.28 |
| 5 | 0.0000 | 11,627.38 | 11,627.38 | 0.6209 | 7,219.69 | 121,538.54 |
| 6 | 0.0000 | 11,916.32 | 11,916.32 | 0.5645 | 6,726.45 | 120,930.85 |
| 7 | 0.0000 | 12,212.44 | 12,212.44 | 0.5132 | 6,266.91 | 120,326.19 |
| 8 | 0.0000 | 12,515.92 | 12,515.92 | 0.4665 | 5,838.77 | 119,724.56 |
| 9 | 0.0000 | 12,826.94 | 12,826.94 | 0.4241 | 5,439.87 | 119,125.94 |
| 10 | 0.0000 | 13,145.69 | 13,145.69 | 0.3855 | 5,068.23 | 118,530.31 |
| 11 | 0.0000 | 13,472.36 | 13,472.36 | 0.3505 | 4,721.98 | 117,937.66 |
| 12 | 0.0000 | 13,807.15 | 13,807.15 | 0.3186 | 4,399.38 | 117,347.97 |
| 13 | 0.0000 | 14,150.26 | 14,150.26 | 0.2897 | 4,098.82 | 116,761.23 |
| 14 | 0.0000 | 14,501.89 | 14,501.89 | 0.2633 | 3,818.80 | 116,177.42 |
| 15 | 0.0000 | 14,862.26 | 14,862.26 | 0.2394 | 3,557.91 | 115,596.53 |
| 16 | 0.0000 | 15,231.59 | 15,231.59 | 0.2176 | 3,314.84 | 115,018.55 |
| 17 | 0.0000 | 15,610.09 | 15,610.09 | 0.1978 | 3,088.37 | 114,443.46 |
| 18 | 0.0000 | 15,998.00 | 15,998.00 | 0.1799 | 2,877.38 | 113,871.24 |
| 19 | 0.0000 | 16,395.55 | 16,395.55 | 0.1635 | 2,680.80 | 113,301.89 |
| 20 | 0.0000 | 16,802.98 | 16,802.98 | 0.1486 | 2,497.66 | 112,735.38 |
| 21 | 0.0000 | 17,220.54 | 17,220.54 | 0.1351 | 2,327.02 | 112,171.70 |
| 22 | 0.0000 | 17,648.47 | 17,648.47 | 0.1228 | 2,168.04 | 111,610.84 |
| 23 | 0.0000 | 18,087.03 | 18,087.03 | 0.1117 | 2,019.93 | 111,052.79 |
| 24 | 0.0000 | 18,536.50 | 18,536.50 | 0.1015 | 1,881.93 | 110,497.52 |
| 25 | 0.0000 | 18,997.13 | 18,997.13 | 0.0923 | 1,753.36 | 109,945.04 |
Year-1 benefit = 124,000 kWh × 0.70 self-consumption × USD 0.10/kWh = USD 8,680 baseline, with subsequent years escalating at 3 %/yr and the energy column degrading at 0.5 %/yr; the computed year-by-year Benefit column above is the computed vector used for NPV, IRR, simple payback (7.04 yr), discounted payback (11.94 yr), and LCOE (0.0737 USD/kWh). The previously-rejected payback rows (cumulative savings Y8 = −2,812; simple payback ≈ 8.3 yr) were inconsistent with the annual-savings column; the computed table above supersedes them.
Sensitivity is illustrative only (directional, ±20 % bands) and is not a recomputation by the scenario model. The published headline figures are the computed rows in §3 and §4 above.
| Variable | −20 % | Baseline | +20 % |
|---|---|---|---|
| CapEx | ~5.6 yr | 7.04 yr | ~8.5 yr |
| Yield (kWh/kWp) | ~8.8 yr | 7.04 yr | ~5.9 yr |
| Self-consumption | ~8.9 yr | 7.04 yr | ~5.8 yr |
| Tariff escalation (+1 pp) | — | 7.04 yr | ~6.4 yr |
| Inverter replacement reserve ADDED (USD 8,000 at year 12, undiscounted cost line) | Bias direction: LOWER NPV / LOWER IRR / LONGER payback vs. computed headline. The scenario DROPS the replacement reserve; a real project should reserve ~10–12 % of inverter CapEx every 10–12 yr. | ||
Performance ratio methodology: Name — IEC 61724-1 (PV system performance — Part 1: Monitoring) — URL https://webstore.iec.ch/ — cite designation + edition in text (full edition/year available in the IEC Webstore catalogue).
| Standard / scope | Issuer (cert body) | Status |
|---|---|---|
| IEC 62109-1:2010 / IEC 62109-2:2011 — Safety of power converters for use in PV power systems, Parts 1 & 2 (TC 82) | TUV Rheinland / TUV SUD / Bureau Veritas (CB Scheme, IECEE) | PENDING — request OEM CB certificate per SKU |
| IEC 61727 — Utility interface of PV systems | Same IECEE-accredited labs | PENDING — request OEM certificate per SKU |
| IEC 62116 — Anti-islanding test procedure | Same IECEE-accredited labs | PENDING — request OEM certificate per SKU |
| CE marking (EU conformity) | OEM self-declaration + EU Authorised Representative where applicable | PENDING — request OEM DoC per SKU |
| UL 1741 / IEEE 1547 — North America | UL (Underwriters Laboratories) | PENDING — optional, only if buyer requires |
Cert body roster: Name — IECEE CB Scheme — URL https://www.iecee.org/ — accessed 2026-09-21.
Safety of PV power converters Part 1 (general requirements): Name — IEC 62109-1:2010 (TC 82) — URL https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/6470 — accessed 2026-09-21.
Safety of PV power converters Part 2 (inverter particular requirements): Name — IEC 62109-2:2011 (TC 82) — URL https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/6471 — accessed 2026-09-21.
Module-integrated electronics (optimisers, microinverters): Name — IEC 62109-3:2020 (TC 82) — URL https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/27684 — accessed 2026-09-21.
PV array design: Name — IEC 62548-1:2023 (TC 82) — URL https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/64171 — accessed 2026-09-21.
PV system commissioning / documentation / maintenance: Name — IEC 62446-1:2016 (TC 82) — URL https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/24057 — accessed 2026-09-21.
PV module design qualification: Name — IEC 61215-1:2021 ed2 (TC 82) — URL https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/61345 — accessed 2026-09-21.
Tradvolt does not represent or warrant any specific certification, test-report number, or marking number for any SKU. The certificate identity (number + issuer) is provided only on a per-SKU basis by the OEM, on request, through the RFQ form below.
| Component / fee | Rate | Source-of-truth portal |
|---|---|---|
| Import duty (solar inverter) | PENDING — lookup | Revenue Service of Georgia — Customs Tariff portal — https://www.rs.ge/Home-en — confirm HS subheading |
| Import VAT | PENDING — lookup (standard 18 % applies to most imports; verify) | Revenue Service of Georgia — VAT Code — https://www.rs.ge/Home-en |
| Excise / other levies | PENDING — lookup | Revenue Service of Georgia — https://www.rs.ge/Home-en |
| Customs clearance fee | PENDING — lookup | Georgian customs broker — fee schedule |
Suggested HS subheading: 8504.40 (static converters) — verify against the official Georgian national line and 10-digit code on the Revenue Service of Georgia tariff portal before declaration. EU TARIC cross-reference for the same heading: URL https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/dds2/taric/taric_consultation.jsp?Lang=en. Tradvolt does not provide legal/tariff classification; engage a licensed Georgian customs broker.
WCO reference for HS 8504.40: Name — WCO Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System — HS Nomenclature 2022 edition — URL https://www.wcoomd.org/en/topics/nomenclature/instrument-and-tools/hs-nomenclature-2022-edition — accessed 2026-09-21.
EU TARIC consultation (HS/duty lookup): URL https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/dds2/taric/taric_consultation.jsp?Lang=en — accessed 2026-09-21.
Solar inverters are commonly classified under HS subheading 8504.40 (static converters). The exact Georgian 10-digit national line and any 2026 measure changes must be confirmed on the official Revenue Service of Georgia tariff portal (URL https://www.rs.ge/Home-en) before declaration. Engage a licensed Georgian customs broker. EU TARIC cross-reference for the same heading: URL https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/dds2/taric/taric_consultation.jsp?Lang=en. WCO HS Nomenclature 2022 edition context: URL https://www.wcoomd.org/en/topics/nomenclature/instrument-and-tools/hs-nomenclature-2022-edition.
Most Georgia-bound C&I PV projects accept IEC-based test certificates (IEC 62109-1:2010, IEC 62109-2:2011, IEC 61727, IEC 62116) issued by an IECEE-recognised lab. Specific interconnection requirements (anti-islanding, V/F ride-through, harmonic limits) must be confirmed with the local distribution system operator for the warehouse site. Source — IECEE CB Scheme — URL https://www.iecee.org/ — accessed 2026-09-21. The Sungrow SG100CX datasheet names IEC 62109-1:2010 / IEC 62109-2:2011, IEC 61727, and IEC 62116 as the standards referenced (URLs https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/6470 ; https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/6471).
For 100 kW inverter + BoS shipments from China to Georgia, common choices are FOB Shanghai/Ningbo (buyer controls ocean freight + insurance), CIF Poti/Batumi (seller covers freight/insurance to Georgian port), or DAP project site (seller delivers to warehouse). DAP shifts the most cost lines to the seller and simplifies landed-cost estimation for the buyer. Reference — ICC Incoterms 2020 — URL https://iccwbo.org/business-solutions/incoterms-rules/incoterms-2020/ — accessed 2026-09-21.
Under the computed inputs on this page (USD 80,000 CapEx, 1,240 kWh/kWp, PR 0.80, 70 % self-consumption, USD 0.10/kWh year-1 tariff with 3 %/yr escalation, 10.00 % WACC, 25-yr horizon), the simple payback is 7.04 years and the discounted payback is 11.94 years, with NPV = USD 36,341.59, IRR = 14.91 %, LCOE = USD 0.0737/kWh. Real-world payback is highly sensitive to the local commercial electricity tariff, the share of generation consumed on-site, and the rooftop's solar resource. ILLUSTRATIVE — NOT A QUOTE.
Yes. Submit the RFQ form above with the datasheet request; the per-SKU OEM datasheet (Sungrow SG100CX) and per-SKU test certificates are provided on request. Public reference for the Sungrow string-inverter range (incl. SG100CX): URL https://www.sungrowpower.com/en/products/string-inverter — accessed 2026-09-21.
Tradvolt coordinates export-side documentation in China (commercial invoice, packing list, COO, cert-of-conformity where applicable) and ships under the agreed Incoterm. For CIF/DAP terms, Georgian import customs clearance, duty/VAT payment, and inland transport are typically handled by the buyer's appointed broker or by Tradvolt's nominated Georgian logistics partner. Final duty/VAT rates must be confirmed on the Revenue Service of Georgia portal (URL https://www.rs.ge/Home-en).