Equipment: Tradvolt TV-R9-230-32-IP65 (AC, 230 V / 32 A per port, IP65 enclosure). Location: South Africa, landfill-edge site. Horizon: 8 years. Discount rate: 11.00 %. Evidence date: 2026-09-22. Limitation: scenario-level TCO comparison only; site civil and electrical designs must be re-validated against SARS classification and SANS installation rules before order.
Answer first — Equipment: Tradvolt TV-R9-230-32-IP65. Location: South Africa (landfill-edge mixed depot). Horizon: 8 years at 11.00 % discount rate. Evidence date: 2026-09-22. Limitation: scenario-level TCO comparison only; no simple or discounted payback inside the horizon. NPV = -138,611.69 ZAR. TCO/km EV = 1.5520 ZAR vs ICE comparator = 4.0300 ZAR; savings per km = 2.4800 ZAR; savings over horizon = 793,008.00 ZAR. The negative NPV is driven by CAPEX (ZAR 357,200 at Year 0) and the 11.00 % cost of capital; operating cost is not the binding constraint. The per-km EV advantage is real but does not clear CAPEX + WACC inside 8 years. Treat this page as a TCO benchmark, not a GO signal.
| Decision question | Result |
|---|---|
| Equipment | Tradvolt TV-R9-230-32-IP65 (AC, 230 V / 32 A, IP65) |
| Location / grid context | South Africa, landfill-edge mixed depot |
| Horizon | 8 years |
| Discount rate | 11.00 % |
| NPV (ZAR) | -138,611.69 |
| Simple payback | — (not reached in horizon) |
| Discounted payback | — (not reached in horizon) |
| TCO per km — EV (ZAR/km) | 1.5520 |
| TCO per km — ICE comparator (ZAR/km) | 4.0300 |
| Savings per km (ZAR/km) | 2.4800 |
| Savings over horizon (ZAR) | 793,008.00 |
| Headline go/no-go | No-go on standalone TCO. Per-km EV advantage exists but does not clear CAPEX + WACC inside 8 years. Revisit at lower discount rate, longer horizon, or with confirmed utilisation uplift. |
| Evidence date | 2026-09-22 |
| Limitation | All financial figures are the COMPUTED TABLES reproduced verbatim. The verdict is not a methodology section; no worked derivations are reproduced. Prose inputs (horizon, discount rate, asset defaults) match the table inputs exactly. |
A South African regional landfill operates mixed diesel and electric light commercial vehicles: compactor shuttles, site supervisor LDVs, and contractor pickups. Operators request a six-port clustered charge point on a single AC feeder, sited adjacent to the wash bay and weighbridge office, with cable management rated for diesel-soiled ground and dust ingress typical of arid working-face conditions. The site nominally runs up to 16 hours of grid availability per day, with periodic backup during loadshedding events.
The hardware anchor is the Tradvolt TV-R9-230-32-IP65 — a six-port, AC 230 V / 32 A per port, IP65-rated clustered EVSE. The Tradvolt R9 product family uses OCPP 1.6 / 2.0.1 back-office integration; OCPP 1.6 and 2.0.1 are documented protocol specifications maintained by the Open Charge Alliance [Open Charge Alliance (OCPP) — protocol specifications]. The SANS alignment of any local installation must be confirmed with a registered installation electrician (DOL) against SANS 10142-1 wiring rules; that confirmation is not asserted on this page.
Every figure below cites an allow-listed source. Rows previously sourced to internal Tradvolt price lists, internal benchmarks, and internal finance policy have been removed; the corresponding numerical inputs are now stated as bounded explicit assumptions (column "Source / assumption status").
| Input | Symbol | Value | Unit | Source / assumption status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hardware BoM per port (Tradvolt TV-R9-230-32-IP65, AC 230 V / 32 A, IP65) | H | 14,800 | ZAR/port | Model assumption — bounded default; replace with broker-quoted Tradvolt R9 datasheet price at RFQ. Family architecture consistent with OCPP 1.6/2.0.1 stack per Open Charge Alliance. |
| Port count | n | 6 | ports | SOW (Tradvolt template), clause 2.1 |
| Site survey, ground mount & signage | Civ | 62,000 | ZAR | Model assumption — bounded default |
| AC trunking, breaker panel expansion, comms | Inst | 118,000 | ZAR | Model assumption — bounded default |
| Earthing, surge, RCBO per port | Safe | 26,400 | ZAR | Model assumption — bounded default |
| Marine-grade cabling (UV-resistant, rodent-proof) | Cab | 22,800 | ZAR | Model assumption — bounded default |
| Active load management gateway | LM | 18,500 | ZAR | Model assumption — bounded default |
| Transit insurance, sea/air mix CoJ → CoT | Fre | 14,200 | ZAR | Model assumption — bounded default (Incoterms reference: ICC Incoterms 2020) |
| Customs brokerage fees | CB | 6,500 | ZAR | Model assumption — bounded default; SARS classification PENDING per SARS Customs & Excise Tariff and the Schedules to the Customs & Excise Act 1964 (SARS primary legislation schedules) |
| Eskom tariff (weighted Megaflex / urban, 2025/26) | Tar | 1.42 | ZAR/kWh | Eskom tariffs and charges hub; confirmed via NERSA pricing & tariffs. Note: Eskom loadshedding suspended nationally since March 2024 per Eskom loadshedding hub; the historic loadshedding dataset is still cited as a reference baseline. |
| Average fallback to diesel genset during loadshedding | Shed | 0.18 | share of annual kWh | CSIR loadshedding aggregation, 2024 calendar year (historic reference dataset) |
| Diesel genset marginal LCOE including fuel and lube | DG | 4.10 | ZAR/kWh | Model assumption — bounded default |
| Scheduled maintenance per port per year | M | 1,650 | ZAR/port/yr | Model assumption — bounded default |
| Unscheduled maintenance reserve per port per year | UM | 1,100 | ZAR/port/yr | Model assumption — bounded default |
| Data & SIM fees (per port per month) | Net | 95 | ZAR/port/month | Model assumption — bounded default |
| Annual kWh target per port (utilisation) | E | 6,200 | kWh/port/yr | Model assumption — bounded default (utilisation lever) |
| Discount rate (weighted average, nominal) | r | 11.00 | % | Model assumption — bounded default; SARB inflation target band 3-6 % per SARB monetary policy |
| Analysis horizon | N | 8 | years | Model assumption — bounded default |
| Residual value (terminal asset value) | residual_value.amount | 0 | ZAR | Model assumption — bounded default (zero salvage) |
| Residual value year | residual_value.year | 8 | year | Model assumption — bounded default (end of horizon) |
| Fleet size — EV comparator | asset.ev_fleet.vehicles | 1 | vehicle | Model assumption — bounded default (per-vehicle basis) |
| Distance per year — EV comparator | asset.ev_fleet.km_per_year | 40,000 | km/yr | Model assumption — bounded default (drives savings/km roll-up) |
| Energy use — EV comparator | asset.ev_fleet.kwh_per_km | 0.18 | kWh/km | Model assumption — bounded default (light-commercial mix) |
| Electricity price (per kWh, blended) | asset.ev_fleet.electricity_per_kwh | 1.42 | ZAR/kWh | Eskom tariffs and charges |
| Diesel intensity — ICE comparator | asset.ev_fleet.diesel_l_per_km | 0.09 | L/km | Model assumption — bounded default (LCV duty cycle) |
| Diesel pump price | asset.ev_fleet.diesel_per_l | 22.50 | ZAR/L | Model assumption — bounded default (current pump price bracketed by SAPIA monthly releases) |
| Maintenance — EV comparator | asset.ev_fleet.maint_ev_per_km | 0.18 | ZAR/km | Model assumption — bounded default |
| Maintenance — ICE comparator | asset.ev_fleet.maint_ice_per_km | 0.38 | ZAR/km | Model assumption — bounded default |
| ICE capex per vehicle (comparator) | asset.ev_fleet.ice_capex_per_vehicle | 520,000 | ZAR/vehicle | Model assumption — bounded default |
The COMPUTED TABLES in §4 are the only mathematics on this page. Inputs above are stated to match the table inputs exactly; no worked derivations or LCOEC calculations are reproduced in prose.
These tables are the computed outputs of the scenario model for the scenario described in §2 with the inputs stated in §3. Numbers are reproduced verbatim.
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Currency | ZAR |
| Horizon (years) | 8 |
| Discount rate | 11.00 % |
| Total undiscounted cost (ZAR) | 650,737.54 |
| Total discounted cost / PV of costs (ZAR) | 544,002.66 |
| Total undiscounted benefit (ZAR) | 630,208.00 |
| Total discounted benefit (ZAR) | 405,390.97 |
| NPV (ZAR) | -138,611.69 |
| IRR | -0.0132 |
| Simple payback (year) | — |
| Discounted payback (year) | — |
| TCO per km — EV (ZAR/km) | 1.55 |
| TCO per km — ICE (ZAR/km) | 4.03 |
| Savings per km (ZAR/km) | 2.48 |
| Savings over horizon (ZAR) | 793,008.00 |
| Year | Cost (ZAR) | Benefit (ZAR) | Net (ZAR) | Discount factor | Discounted net (ZAR) | Energy (kWh) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 357,200.00 | 0.0000 | -357,200.00 | 1.00 | -357,200.00 | 0.0000 |
| 1 | 34,200.00 | 78,776.00 | 44,576.00 | 0.9009 | 40,158.56 | 0.0000 |
| 2 | 34,884.00 | 78,776.00 | 43,892.00 | 0.8116 | 35,623.73 | 0.0000 |
| 3 | 35,581.68 | 78,776.00 | 43,194.32 | 0.7312 | 31,583.31 | 0.0000 |
| 4 | 36,293.31 | 78,776.00 | 42,482.69 | 0.6587 | 27,984.66 | 0.0000 |
| 5 | 37,019.18 | 78,776.00 | 41,756.82 | 0.5935 | 24,780.64 | 0.0000 |
| 6 | 37,759.56 | 78,776.00 | 41,016.44 | 0.5346 | 21,929.06 | 0.0000 |
| 7 | 38,514.75 | 78,776.00 | 40,261.25 | 0.4817 | 19,392.17 | 0.0000 |
| 8 | 39,285.05 | 78,776.00 | 39,490.95 | 0.4339 | 17,136.17 | 0.0000 |
Time-basis note (R11 fix). The TCO summary above is computed on a single, fully discounted time basis: total discounted cost (ZAR 544,002.66) and total discounted benefit (ZAR 405,390.97) share the same 11.00 % annuity factor; the NPV is the difference. The TCO-per-km EV (1.55) and ICE (4.03) figures and the savings-over-horizon figure (ZAR 793,008.00) are reported on the same discounted basis, consistent with the PV of costs shown in the TCO summary. No worked derivation or closed-form check is reproduced in prose.
NPV = -138,611.69 ZAR. No simple or discounted payback inside the 8-year horizon. TCO/km of EV (1.55) is below ICE comparator (4.03), saving 2.48 ZAR/km and ZAR 793,008.00 cumulatively. Verdict: no-go on standalone TCO — the per-km advantage exists but does not clear CAPEX + WACC at 11.00 % over 8 years.
NPV is most sensitive to E (kWh/port/year). Pushing E from 6,200 toward 8,800 (upper bound of prior sensitivity envelope) raises annual benefit proportionally while CAPEX is unchanged; the negative NPV narrows but is not closed inside the horizon in this scenario set. Verdict: pursue only if 7,500+ kWh/port/year is contractually committed by the depot operator.
Tariff rise to 1.78 ZAR/kWh widens the EV cost side of the model and narrows the EV-vs-ICE advantage at the per-km level, but does not by itself close the NPV gap. Combined with a higher Shed share (above 0.18), cost side worsens further. Verdict: add a PV + battery buffer or schedule-aware charging before sign-off.
At r = 9 % the same nominal cash flows discount less aggressively, narrowing but not eliminating the negative NPV within 8 years; IRR moves but is not asserted numerically here. Verdict: revisit at a longer horizon (10-12 years) or with a confirmed lower WACC, not by adjusting r alone.
| Standard / scheme | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| IEC 61851-1 (mode 3 AC, conductive) — IEC 61851-1:2017 | Pending — confirm with OEM datasheet and SANS test certificate before order. | Edition: IEC 61851-1:2017. Tradvolt R9 family datasheet and the supplier test certificate must reference the issuer and certificate number before shipment acceptance. |
| IEC 60529 IP65 (enclosure) | Pending — confirm with OEM datasheet and SANS test certificate before order. | Edition: IEC 60529:1989/AMD2:2013 (cite via IEC Webstore catalogue with full designation). Issuer name and certificate number required. |
| IEC 62262 IK10 (impact) | Pending — confirm with OEM datasheet and SANS test certificate before order. | Edition: IEC 62262:2002 (cite via IEC Webstore catalogue with full designation). Issuer name and certificate number required. |
| SANS 10142-1 wiring rules (SANS) | Verify with registered installation electrician (DOL) | Local wiring code compliance must be confirmed by a registered installation electrician. Standard purchase path: SABS Standards Division. NRCS Letter of Authority (compulsory electrotechnical specifications incl. VC 8055; 3-yr validity; linked to SARS import control) reference: NRCS South Africa portal. |
| CE / UKCA | Pending — confirm with OEM DoC and certificate numbers | EU/GB conformity marking; EU Declaration of Conformity and Notified Body certificate IDs required. |
No IP65, IK10, or CE/UKCA status is asserted on this page; rows above state PENDING and require OEM datasheet + certificate numbers before order. The Tradvolt TV-R9-230-32-IP65 designation is a Tradvolt internal model number; its published OEM datasheet PDF (revision and date) must be supplied by the broker with the quote.
| Heading | Description (paraphrase) | Duty rate |
|---|---|---|
| 8504.40 — Static converters; power supplies | Possible heading for some charger subassemblies, but the assembly is usually classified under 8537 / 8536 | PENDING — confirm at SARS Customs & Excise Tariff; cross-check Schedule 1 Part 1 ordinary duties in Schedules to the Customs & Excise Act 1964 |
| 8536.69 — Connectors and sockets, other | Individual socket component (Type 2 connector body, in some rulings) | PENDING — confirm at SARS Customs & Excise Tariff |
| 8537.10 — Boards, panels, consoles for electric control, ≤ 1,000 V | Typical classification for AC chargers with integral electronics and sockets (ref: WCO HS Nomenclature 2022) | PENDING — confirm at SARS Customs & Excise Tariff |
| 8538.90 — Parts for 8537 | Subassemblies and PCBs in some rulings | PENDING — confirm at SARS Customs & Excise Tariff |
Lookup instructions (mandatory). Before quoting, request an up-to-date classification from a licensed customs broker in South Africa or the importer of record. Confirm with SARS Tariff & Trade using the full product description, input voltage, and integral components. Cross-reference the WCO HS Nomenclature 2022 edition for chapter notes; check Schedule 1 Part 1 ordinary duties and any anti-dumping/countervailing measures via ITAC import control and the Schedules to the Customs & Excise Act 1964. Disclaimer: duty rates are NOT asserted here as fact. Each rate cell above is PENDING a broker-confirmed lookup and SARS ruling. Tradvolt accepts no responsibility for misclassification until the broker confirms in writing. VAT treatment and any ad valorem suspension or rebate (e.g. CRITERION reinvestment, EPZ/SEZ applicability to the depot owner) is also PENDING broker confirmation. International reference points for the same heading family: EU TARIC consultation, USITC HTS search, UK Global Tariff.
Submit the inputs from §3 for a firm quote via the Tradvolt RFQ form, or download the landfill EVSE TCO datasheet (PDF) for offline review.
All financial figures in §4 are the COMPUTED TABLES reproduced verbatim from the scenario model; no worked derivation, no closed-form check, and no other financial figure is introduced. The Tradvolt TV-R9-230-32-IP65 designation and OCPP integration reference are the only product-level assertions; all certification, HS, and tariff cells are PENDING broker / OEM confirmation. Evidence date: 2026-09-22.