Verdict: On this 10-year, 8.00 % discount-rate scenario the 100 kWh LFP rack import shows NPV = -€15,653.83, LCOS = €0.2590 / kWh, and no simple or discounted payback within the horizon — i.e. benefits do not recover costs at the modelled inputs. Equipment class: vertical LFP rack battery, 100 kWh nominal. Location: China (origin) → Poland (destination, EU). Horizon: 10 years. Evidence-date: 2026-09-22. Limitation: figures are an scenario TCO reference, not a binding quote; certificate numbers and customs duties remain PENDING — request via /rfq/.
| Indicator | Value | Interpretation |
|---|---|---|
| NPV (EUR) | -15,653.83 | Negative — costs exceed discounted benefits over 10 years. |
| IRR | -0.0873 | Below hurdle — project does not clear 8.00 % discount rate. |
| Simple payback (year) | — | Not reached within 10-year horizon. |
| Discounted payback (year) | — | Not reached within 10-year horizon. |
| LCOS (EUR/kWh) | 0.2590 | Levelised cost of storage, 10-year basis. |
| Total discounted cost / PV of costs (EUR) | 32,192.12 | Present value of all costs, Year 0 included. |
| Total discounted benefit (EUR) | 16,538.29 | Present value of avoided import over 10 years. |
| Application | Behind-the-meter solar PV self-consumption for a hotel facility in Poland |
|---|---|
| Product class | Vertical LFP (lithium iron phosphate) rack battery system, 100 kWh nominal |
| SKU | lfp-rack-100kwh |
| Reference equipment family | LFP rack, 100 kWh nominal — a generic product class. Tradvolt does not assert a specific OEM model on this page; the OEM / model / certificate numbers are confirmed only at RFQ stage. Publicly marketed LFP rack products in this class include CATL EnerC (commercial LFP container reference), EVE Energy LF100LA / LF280K cells, Sungrow ST2752UX battery cabinet family, and Huawei LUNA2000-100/200 family — confirm specific SKU at RFQ against OEM datasheet. |
| Origin | China (CN) |
| Destination | Poland (PL), EU |
| Typical DoD | 80 % (cycle-life reference) |
| Reference ambient | 25 °C operating, indoor / sheltered install |
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Currency | EUR |
| Horizon (years) | 10 |
| Discount rate | 8.00 % |
| Total undiscounted cost (EUR) | 34,962.29 |
| Total discounted cost / PV of costs (EUR) | 32,192.12 |
| Total undiscounted benefit (EUR) | 24,337.27 |
| Total discounted benefit (EUR) | 16,538.29 |
| NPV (EUR) | -15,653.83 |
| IRR | -0.0873 |
| Simple payback (year) | — |
| Discounted payback (year) | — |
| LCOS (EUR/kWh) | 0.2590 |
Source: Computed TCO tables — Tradvolt scenario model, evidence-date 2026-09-22. Numerical figures are computed and not editable on this page.
| Year | Cost (EUR) | Benefit (EUR) | Net (EUR) | Discount factor | Discounted net (EUR) | Energy (kWh) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 26,750.00 | 0.0000 | -26,750.00 | 1.00 | -26,750.00 | 0.0000 |
| 1 | 750.00 | 2,660.87 | 1,910.87 | 0.9259 | 1,769.32 | 20,000.00 |
| 2 | 765.00 | 2,607.65 | 1,842.65 | 0.8573 | 1,579.78 | 19,600.00 |
| 3 | 780.30 | 2,555.50 | 1,775.20 | 0.7938 | 1,409.21 | 19,208.00 |
| 4 | 795.91 | 2,504.39 | 1,708.48 | 0.7350 | 1,255.79 | 18,823.84 |
| 5 | 811.82 | 2,454.30 | 1,642.48 | 0.6806 | 1,117.84 | 18,447.36 |
| 6 | 828.06 | 2,405.22 | 1,577.15 | 0.6302 | 993.88 | 18,078.42 |
| 7 | 844.62 | 2,357.11 | 1,512.49 | 0.5835 | 882.52 | 17,716.85 |
| 8 | 861.51 | 2,309.97 | 1,448.45 | 0.5403 | 782.55 | 17,362.51 |
| 9 | 878.74 | 2,263.77 | 1,385.02 | 0.5002 | 692.86 | 17,015.26 |
| 10 | 896.32 | 2,218.49 | 1,322.17 | 0.4632 | 612.42 | 16,674.96 |
Source: Computed TCO tables — Tradvolt scenario model, evidence-date 2026-09-22. Year 0 = landed CapEx (€26,750.00). Annual energy declines as the LFP cell ages; benefit falls accordingly.
All four items are explicit bounded assumptions, not sourced facts. Update them at RFQ if your counter-case differs.
| Line item | Description | Value (EUR) |
|---|---|---|
| Ex-works unit (CN) | FOB / EXW reference from OEM tier-1 datasheet band (e.g. CATL EnerC family, Sungrow ST2752UX, Huawei LUNA2000 family — specific SKU confirmed at RFQ against OEM datasheet). [Src: CATL — https://www.catl.com/en/ess/; Sungrow — https://www.sungrowpower.com/en; Huawei — https://solar.huawei.com/en] | 18,000 – 26,000 |
| Logistics | ||
| Ocean freight (CN→PL) | ~1 system, 40 ft container share, port Gdańsk | 1,200 – 1,800 |
| Insurance | ~0.3 % of CIF | ~75 |
| THC + ISPS + documentation | Terminal handling, port security, B/L fees | 250 – 400 |
| Customs & duties (see §7 — all rates PENDING — lookup) | ||
| Customs duty | EU TARIC (Poland) — lookup on official portal | PENDING — lookup |
| VAT | EU TARIC (Poland) VAT — lookup on official portal | PENDING — lookup |
| Last-mile | ||
| Inland transport Gdańsk → site | ~400 km, tilt-truck, escort if required | 600 – 1,100 |
| Off-loading & positioning | Forklift, rigging, indoor placement | 300 – 600 |
| DC cabling + DC combiner | to existing PV inverters / hybrid inverter | 400 – 800 |
| Commissioning & grid sign-off | DSO application, settings, witness test | 700 – 1,200 |
| Producer responsibility (Battery Regulation) | Per Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 — registration evidence required | included in unit |
| Indicative CapEx (ex. duties) | Range, before customs | 21,525 – 31,975 |
| Modelled CapEx (Year 0) | Audit-aligned figure used in §3 | 26,750.00 |
| Line item | Basis | EUR / year |
|---|---|---|
| Round-trip efficiency losses | Charged at €0.22/kWh against modelled annual kWh | included in §3 |
| Preventive maintenance | Visual + BMS log review, fan filter swap | 120 – 240 |
| Spare parts reserve | Smoothed allocation over service life | 150 – 300 |
| Remote monitoring subscription | OEM cloud portal, optional | 60 – 180 |
| Insurance (asset) | ~0.25 % of CapEx/yr | ~70 |
| DSO / capacity fees | NOT INCLUDED — varies by operator and tariff | — |
| Modelled OpEx (Year 1, audit-aligned) | Figure used in §3, inflated 2 %/yr | 750.00 |
| Component | Reference / source | Rate / value |
|---|---|---|
| HS subheading — lithium-ion storage batteries | EU TARIC consultation — commonly 8507.60 for lithium-ion accumulators. Confirm exact 8/10-digit national line as-of shipment date. [Src: https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/dds2/taric/taric_consultation.jsp?Lang=en] | PENDING — lookup |
| Customs duty (EU Common Customs Tariff + national) | Confirm on EU TARIC (Poland) as-of shipment date. [Src: https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/dds2/taric/taric_consultation.jsp?Lang=en] | PENDING — lookup |
| VAT (Poland) | Confirm on EU TARIC / Polish tax authority portal as-of shipment date. | PENDING — lookup |
| EU Battery Regulation — producer responsibility | Producer registration evidence required when placing batteries on the EU market. [Src: EUR-Lex — Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 — https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1542/oj] | Evidence required |
| Anti-dumping / safeguard measures on CN-origin LFP cells (if any) | Confirm on EU TARIC measures tab as-of shipment date. | PENDING — lookup |
| UN transport classification | Lithium batteries classified under UN 3480 / UN 3481 as applicable — UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, UN 38.3. | Test summary required |
| IATA Dangerous Goods | Air shipment subject to IATA DGR. [Src: https://www.iata.org/en/programs/cargo/dgr/] | Operator rules apply |
No rate has been hardcoded on this page. Official source-of-truth: EU TARIC consultation at https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/dds2/taric/taric_consultation.jsp?Lang=en.
Cert numbers pending — request via /rfq/. The framework below is the typical compliance pack for a 100 kWh LFP rack imported into Poland. Specific certificate numbers and issuing bodies are NOT asserted on this page; they are confirmed per supplier at RFQ stage.
OEM / model / datasheet revision are confirmed at RFQ stage against the supplier's controlled PDF (e.g. CATL EnerC, EVE LF100LA / LF280K, Sungrow ST2752UX, Huawei LUNA2000-100/200 — datasheet revision to be confirmed per shipment).
Submit the form below. Required fields: product_sku, qty + unit, incoterm, target_cert, destination_country, buyer_email, buyer_company. The form posts to the Tradvolt RFQ endpoint at /rfq/.
Incoterms 2020 (ICC) — https://iccwbo.org/business-solutions/incoterms-rules/incoterms-2020/. EU Battery Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 — https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1542/oj. EU TARIC consultation — https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/dds2/taric/taric_consultation.jsp?Lang=en.
No. The CapEx, OpEx, NPV, IRR, payback and LCOS figures on this page are an scenario TCO reference — NOT A QUOTE. They use the inputs stated in §1 and the bounded assumptions in §4. Submit the RFQ form for a binding offer.
Lithium-ion storage batteries commonly fall under HS subheading 8507.60 in the EU TARIC. The exact 8/10-digit national line, duty rate, VAT, and any anti-dumping / safeguard measures must be confirmed on the EU TARIC consultation portal as of the shipment date — see §7. [Src: https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/dds2/taric/taric_consultation.jsp?Lang=en]
Typical compliance pack: IEC 62619 (industrial LFP safety), UN 38.3 (transport), CE marking under the Low Voltage Directive (2014/35/EU) and EMC Directive (2014/30/EU), and EN 61000 series EMC tests. Grid interconnection follows the Polish DSO requirements (operator-specific). Cert numbers are NOT asserted on this page; request via /rfq/.
OEM datasheets in this product class typically rate LFP cells for 6,000+ cycles at 80 % DoD and 10–15 year calendar life at 25 °C ambient, with warranties of 5–10 years or a defined energy-throughput figure, whichever comes first. Confirm against the chosen supplier's datasheet and manual revision (e.g. CATL EnerC, Sungrow ST2752UX, Huawei LUNA2000 family — datasheet rev. confirmed at RFQ).
No. OpEx lists efficiency losses, maintenance, spares, monitoring, and insurance only. Polish DSO fees, capacity market charges, and demand charges are NOT included because they vary by operator, tariff group, and contract structure. Confirm with the local DSO before procurement.
Use the Request Quote — replies in 48h form above. Provide product_sku, qty + unit, incoterm (Incoterms 2020), target_cert, destination_country, buyer_email, buyer_company. Cert pack and controlled datasheet are issued per shipment.