Use-case TCO: 300 kWh farm BESS in the UK

Verdict: Do not hand. NPV = -£131,572; simple payback = none within the 10-year horizon; discounted payback = none within the 10-year horizon; LCOS = £0.3244/kWh. Equipment class: 300 kWh LFP containerised BESS (no specific OEM SKU is named on this page; the page is positioned as a generic screening tool, and any specific OEM model and manual revision must be confirmed at RFQ). Location: United Kingdom (GB grid; England & Wales distribution). Horizon: 10 years. Discount rate: 8.00%. Evidence date: 2026-09-22. Limitation: financial figures come from the scenario TCO model and are computed; the inputs that fed the model (CAPEX, OPEX, daily cycles, tariffs, degradation rates, charge and discharge value) are bounded model assumptions, not sourced facts.

Decision metricValue
NPV (GBP)-131,572.31
Simple payback (year)—
Discounted payback (year)—
LCOS (GBP/kWh)0.3244
Discount rate8.00%
Horizon (years)10
CurrencyGBP

1. Computed TCO summary

TCO summary
MetricValue
CurrencyGBP
Horizon (years)10
Discount rate8.00 %
Total undiscounted cost (GBP)251,116.67
Total discounted cost / PV of costs (GBP)220,804.34
Total undiscounted benefit (GBP)131,311.24
Total discounted benefit (GBP)89,232.02
NPV (GBP)-131,572.31
IRRn/a
Simple payback (year)—
Discounted payback (year)—
LCOS (GBP/kWh)0.3244

2. Computed year-by-year cash flow

Year-by-year cash flow
YearCost (GBP)Benefit (GBP)Net (GBP)Discount factorDiscounted net (GBP)Energy (kWh)
0180,000.000.0000-180,000.001.00-180,000.000.0000
13,600.0014,356.6710,756.670.92599,959.88109,500.00
23,672.0014,069.5310,397.530.85738,914.21107,310.00
33,745.4413,788.1410,042.700.79387,972.22105,163.80
43,820.3513,512.389,692.030.73507,123.93103,060.52
53,896.7613,242.139,345.380.68066,360.31100,999.31
63,974.6912,977.299,002.600.63025,673.1698,979.33
74,054.1812,717.748,663.560.58355,055.1096,999.74
84,135.2712,463.398,328.120.54034,499.4295,059.75
94,217.9712,214.127,996.150.50024,000.0693,158.55
1036,000.0011,969.84-24,030.160.4632-11,130.6291,295.38

The year-10 cost line of £36,000.00 reflects a bulk end-of-horizon replacement / decommission / EoL provision that the model recognises between year 9 and year 10; the underlying assumption is captured in section 4. Simple payback is reported as "—" and discounted payback as "—" because discounted cumulative net cash flow does not turn positive within the 10-year horizon given the CAPEX, OPEX and benefit schedule above.

3. Equipment reference (generic screening tool — no SKU evidenced)

This page is positioned as a generic screening tool for a 300 kWh LFP containerised BESS in a UK farm use case. No specific OEM product model, OEM installation manual or manual revision is named or asserted on this page. Torque, SOC window, DC and AC voltage limits, BMS thresholds and thermal management limits are deliberately omitted; they depend on the exact OEM manual revision, which must be named in the RFQ response and not invented here.

4. Inputs the scenario model used (bounded model assumptions, not sourced facts)

Every input in the table below is a bounded model assumption that fed the computed tables. None of these values is asserted as a sourced fact.

ParameterValueUnitTreatment on this page
Usable capacity300kWhModel assumption
Round-trip efficiency90%Model assumption
Daily full cycles1.0cycles/dayModel assumption
Annual degradation2.0%/yrModel assumption
CAPEX (turnkey, year 0)180,000GBPModel assumption (year-0 capex)
Annual OPEX (year 1)3,600GBP/yrModel assumption (year-1 OPEX)
OPEX inflation2.0%/yrModel assumption
asset.ess.charge_cost_per_kwhexplicit bounded defaultGBP/kWhModel assumption (input required by model; bounded default only)
asset.ess.value_per_kwh_dischargedexplicit bounded defaultGBP/kWhModel assumption (input required by model; bounded default only)
Horizon10yearsMatches table
Discount rate8.00%Matches table
End-of-horizon cost (year 10)36,000.00GBPPer computed cashflow row (bulk end-of-horizon provision)

5. Duty & import pathway (lookup, not asserted)

Final duty and import treatment must be confirmed at the point of entry on the live tariff service; the entries below are HS subheading pointers only and the UK duty rate is not asserted as a fact on this page.

ComponentHS 2022 subheadingTariff lookup
Lithium-ion cells / packs (BESS)8507.60UK Global Tariff — heading 8507
Power conversion / BMS assemblies8537.10UK Global Tariff — heading 8537
PV modules if bundled8541.43UK Global Tariff — heading 8541
Enclosures / structural steel7326.90UK Global Tariff — heading 7326
EU import cross-check8507.60 / 8537.10 / 8541.43EU TARIC consultation
US import cross-check8507.60 / 8537.10 / 8541.43USITC HTS search
WCO HS nomenclature (chapter + note lookup)—WCO HS Nomenclature 2022 edition

EU Battery Regulation Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 applies in the EU/EEA regardless of import pathway. Incoterms delivery terms are governed by ICC Incoterms 2020 (official rules page); freight documents for the shipment must align to FIATA terms (FIATA) and, if the cells are shipped by air, to the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations (IATA DGR programme page).

6. Certifications block (no certificate verified)

DomainStandard (designation, edition, issuer)Status on this page
Transport of lithium cellsUN Manual of Tests and Criteria, ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.7, UN38.3 provisions — UNECENo certificate verified on this page
Secondary lithium cells, industrialIEC 62619:2022 (Secondary lithium cells for use in industrial applications, incl. stationary ESS) — IEC Webstore catalogue: https://webstore.iec.ch/ (cite IEC 62619:2022 in full)No certificate verified on this page
BESS performanceIEC 62933-2-1 (Electrical energy storage (EES) systems — Part 2-1: Unit parameters and testing methods) — IEC Webstore: https://webstore.iec.ch/ (cite IEC 62933-2-1 in full)No certificate verified on this page
BESS thermal-runaway safetyEN IEC 62933-5-1 (EU); UL 9540A (US) — cite EN IEC 62933-5-1 and UL 9540A in fullNo certificate verified on this page
Stationary / motive batteriesUL 1973 (Batteries for Use in Stationary and Motive Auxiliary Power Applications) — UL 1973 standard pageNo certificate verified on this page
PV module safetyUL 61730-1 (Photovoltaic (PV) Module Safety Qualification — Part 1) — UL 61730-1 standard pageNo certificate verified on this page
UK interconnectENA G98 / G99 (UK distribution)No certificate verified on this page
EMCEN 61000-6-2 and EN 61000-6-4No certificate verified on this page
Industrial cybersecurityIEC 62443 (parts 3-3 and 4-2)No certificate verified on this page
Wood packagingISPM 15 (international standard for wood packaging material) — IPPC ISPMs listNo certificate verified on this page
EV charging (if V2H used)IEC 61851-1:2017 — IEC 61851-1:2017; OCPP: Open Charge AllianceNo certificate verified on this page

7. UK market and price-reference signals (lookup only)

TopicSourceTreatment on this page
UK energy price cap (baseline, Jan-Mar 2026)Ofgem energy price cap hubLookup; levels to be confirmed at RFQ
UK wholesale / retail market indicatorsOfgem retail market indicatorsLookup
UK data portal (parent)Ofgem data portalLookup
Smart Export Guarantee (SEG) export tariff rangesOfgem Smart Export Guarantee programme pageLookup (typically 0.05–0.10 GBP/kWh, provider-dependent)
UK C&I PV EPC cost-per-kW benchmarkDESNZ solar PV cost dataLookup
UK energy statistics parentDESNZ Energy Trends collectionLookup
UK inflation / discount-rate contextBank of England Monetary Policy Report Aug 2025Lookup (context only; rate itself is a model assumption)
EV chargepoint grant frameworkOZEV EV chargepoint grant installer guidanceLookup
EU non-household electricity pricesEurostat Data BrowserLookup
World Bank business environment benchmark (Getting Electricity successor)World Bank Business ReadyLookup
PV cost / performance reference (Fraunhofer ISE)Fraunhofer ISE Photovoltaics ReportLookup
EU / DE load + generation profilesFraunhofer ISE Energy ChartsLookup
IEA cooling / electricity demand contextIEA The Future of CoolingLookup

8. Risk & mitigation notes

9. Citations table (every factual claim mapped to a source row)

#Factual claimSource rowURL
1EU Battery Regulation applies in EU/EEARegulation (EU) 2023/1542https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1542/oj
2Lithium-ion cells / packs (BESS) — HS 2022 subheading 8507.60UK Global Tariff, heading 8507https://www.trade-tariff.service.gov.uk/headings/8507
3Power conversion / BMS assemblies — HS 2022 subheading 8537.10UK Global Tariff, heading 8537https://www.trade-tariff.service.gov.uk/headings/8537
4PV modules if bundled — HS 2022 subheading 8541.43UK Global Tariff, heading 8541https://www.trade-tariff.service.gov.uk/headings/8541
5Enclosures / structural steel — HS 2022 subheading 7326.90UK Global Tariff, heading 7326https://www.trade-tariff.service.gov.uk/headings/7326
6EU import cross-check (HS/duty lookup)EU TARIC consultationhttps://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/dds2/taric/taric_consultation.jsp?Lang=en
7US import cross-check (HTS lookup)USITC HTS searchhttps://hts.usitc.gov/
8WCO HS chapter / note lookup pathWCO HS Nomenclature 2022 editionhttps://www.wcoomd.org/en/topics/nomenclature/instrument-and-tools/hs-nomenclature-2022-edition
9Incoterms 2020 delivery termsICC Incoterms 2020 (official rules page)https://iccwbo.org/business-solutions/incoterms-rules/incoterms-2020/
10FIATA freight document standardsFIATAhttps://fiata.org/
11IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations programmeIATA DGRhttps://www.iata.org/en/programs/cargo/dgr/
12UN 38.3 lithium-cell transport provisions (ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.7)UN Manual of Tests and Criteriahttps://unece.org/transport/dangerous-goods/un-manual-tests-and-criteria
13ISPM 15 wood packaging standardIPPC ISPMs listhttps://www.ippc.int/en/core-activities/standards-setting/ispms/
14IEC 61851-1:2017 EV conductive chargingIEC Webstore (exact document page)https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/33644
15Other IEC standards (IEC 62619:2022, IEC 62933-2-1, etc.) — catalogueIEC Webstorehttps://webstore.iec.ch/
16UL 1973 stationary / motive batteriesUL 1973 standard pagehttps://www.shopulstandards.com/ProductDetail.aspx?productid=UL1973
17UL 61730-1 PV module safetyUL 61730-1 standard pagehttps://www.shopulstandards.com/ProductDetail.aspx?productId=UL61730-1
18OCPP (Open Charge Alliance, protocol owner)Open Charge Alliancehttps://www.openchargealliance.org/
19Ofgem energy price cap (incl. Jan-Mar 2026 baseline)Ofgem energy price cap hubhttps://www.ofgem.gov.uk/energy-regulation/domestic-and-non-domestic/energy-pricing-rules/energy-price-cap
20Ofgem retail market indicators (SVT series)Ofgem data portal — retail market indicatorshttps://www.ofgem.gov.uk/energy-data-and-research/data-portal/retail-market-indicators
21Ofgem data portal (parent)Ofgem data portalhttps://www.ofgem.gov.uk/energy-data-and-research/data-portal
22Smart Export Guarantee (SEG) export tariff rangesOfgem SEG programme pagehttps://www.ofgem.gov.uk/environmental-and-social-schemes/smart-export-guarantee-seg
23UK C&I PV EPC cost-per-kW benchmarkDESNZ solar PV cost datahttps://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/solar-pv-cost-data
24UK energy statistics parentDESNZ Energy Trends collectionhttps://www.gov.uk/government/collections/energy-trends
25UK inflation / monetary policy contextBank of England Monetary Policy Report Aug 2025https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/monetary-policy-report/2025/august-2025
26UK EV chargepoint grant frameworkOZEV EV chargepoint grant installer guidancehttps://www.gov.uk/guidance/electric-vehicle-chargepoint-and-infrastucture-grant-guidance-for-installers
27EU non-household electricity pricesEurostat Data Browserhttps://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser
28World Bank business environment (Getting Electricity successor)World Bank Business Readyhttps://www.worldbank.org/en/businessready
29PV cost / performance referenceFraunhofer ISE Photovoltaics Reporthttps://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/photovoltaics-report.html
30EU / DE load + generation profilesFraunhofer ISE Energy Chartshttps://energy-charts.info/
31Cooling / electricity demand contextIEA The Future of Coolinghttps://www.iea.org/reports/the-future-of-cooling
32IEA market signal (general)IEAhttps://www.iea.org/
33RFQ CTA targetTradvolt RFQ formhttps://tradvolt.com/rfq/

10. Call to action

Request a fixed-scope RFQ for a 300 kWh farm BESS in the UK

© 2026 Tradvolt. Reference scenario, not a binding quotation. Financial figures (NPV, payback, LCOS, year-by-year cost/benefit/net/discounted-net/energy) are outputs of the scenario TCO model and are computed; inputs that fed the model (CAPEX, OPEX, daily cycles, tariffs, degradation, charge cost and discharge value) are bounded model assumptions and are not sourced facts. Independently verify tariffs, grants, certifications and UK import duty before procurement. All cited regulator and OEM pages were accessible on the evidence date of 2026-09-22; no specific OEM product model or manual revision is asserted on this page.